Period Of Early Ontogenesis Research Articles

Sexual Constitution and Sexual Biography

Sexual constitution is one of the main factors that determines the severity of sexual desire. According to the definition of G. S. Vasilchenko (1977), “... the sexual constitution is a set of stable biological properties which are formed under the influence of hereditary factors and developmental conditions in the prenatal period and the period of early ontogenesis. Sexual constitution limits the range of individual needs at a certain level of sexual activity and characterizes individual resistance to pathogenic factors, which are characterized by selectivity to the sexual sphere”. The concept of “sexual constitution” has gained considerable popularity in specialized literature. To determine the sexual constitution of men, G. S. Vasilchenko developed and tested for the first time a scale for its vector definition, which takes into account seven indicators, namely: I vector – age of sexual libido awakening, II vector – age of first ejaculation, III vector – trochanteric index, IV vector – pattern of hair growth pubic area, V vector – maximum excess, VI vector – time between marriage and entry into the zone of conditional physiological rhythm (CPR), which is equal to two to three sexual acts per week, VII vector – the age of the man at which he switched to CPR. The first four vectors (I–IV) are closely related to the human genotype. They are used to determine the genotypic index of sexual constitution – Kg, which is the arithmetic mean of these vectors. V-VII vectors are used to determine the constitutionally modeled index of sexual activity (Ka). The arithmetic average of all seven vectors (I–VII) is called the phenotypic index of sexual constitution (Kf). After determining the values of all sexual constitution vectors, the Ka/Kg index is also determined, which makes possible to find how much a man’s sexual activity corresponds to his constitutional capabilities. Thus, this indicator in the group of persons “conditional norm” was 1.18. The article presents data on the female sexual constitution and the scale of its vector definition, which was developed and tested by I. L. Botneva (1983). Recommendations for determining the sexual constitution of a person are offered. In addition, the article provides clinical observations of the author, which testify to the influence of sexual biography on sexual activity in order to take it into account when determining this constitution.

22nd EAA Congress – 15th ISGA Congress – 5th International Conference of Evolutionary Medicine

This Abstract book covers material of the Joint International Meeting: 22nd EAA Congress, 15th ISGA Congress, 5th International Conference of Evolutionary Medicine. This event was organized at Vilnius University (Lithuania) in 2022 on August 24-27th in a hybrid way, which brought together 28 famous keynote speakers from Austria, Great Britain, the USA, Australia, Croatia, Poland, France, Switzerland, Germany and other countries. This book includes the abstracts of more than 180 presentations.
 The main theme of the 22nd Congress of EAA (European Anthropology Association) is Human variation and adaptation in a changing world with a particular focus on physical, biopsychosocial and general health changes in the human body. The topics of the 15th Congress of ISGA (International Society for the Study of Human Growth and Clinical Auxology) expand our understanding of human growth and development in health and disease. Special attention is paid to human growth in the period of early ontogenesis, to environmental factors affecting growth (including growth in war and other stressful conditions), children and adolescents’ nutrition and body composition, also modern analyses of growth data. The 5th International Conference on Evolutionary Medicine expands an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the diversity of human health and disease, sharing research from different fields to cooperate together in order to understand the mechanisms of different disease from the evolutionary point of view.
 The Abstract Book of this joint international event should not only be interesting to scientists of various scientific fields such as anthropology, human biology, public health, and health education, but also to clinical doctors, especially neonatologists, paediatricians, family practitioners and many others. Organisers believe that knowledge of the potential of human adaptation and evolutionary mechanisms in maintaining the health and wellbeing of our species will encourage fruitful interdisciplinary discussions in medical society as well as among biologists, sociologists and other specialists.

DEVELOPMENT THE THORACIC CAGE IN THE EARLY STAGES OF THE POSTNATAL PERIOD THE INFLUENCE OF ANTENATAL DIABETES

The material of the study was 32 mature rats and their offspring. We used informative methods such as histological and histochemical, morphometric. As a result of the study, morphological changes in the bone-cartilaginous-ligamentous structure of the rib-sternal complex in the offspring obtained from pregnant rats with diabetes mellitus in the period of early ontogenesis are presented. It has been established that the negative impact of antenatal diabetes mellitus on the development of the connective tissue formation of the sterno-costal complex. This article describes the morphological changes in the anatomical structures of the rib-sternal complex in rat pups born from pregnant individuals with experimental diabetes mellitus.

Role of the maternal melatonin circadian rhythm absence in early catch-up growth in children

The review presents the results of experimental and clinical studies, according to which the absence of circadian melatonin production in pregnant women associated with the pathologies they have (obesity, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, pregnancy complicated by gestosis and chronic placental insufficiency, etc.) disrupts the genetic process of organizing the rhythmic activity of genes of the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus and melatonin production in the pineal gland of the fetus, leading to dysregulation of metabolic processes in the childs body after birth and programming pathology in following life. The significance of this factor in the pathophysiological mechanisms of catch-up growth during the first months of life determines a new approach to assessing the risk of obesity and necessitates learning the consequences of impaired development of the brain and other functional systems in fetuses that are born earlier than the 26th week of pregnancy and are thereby deprived of maternal melatonin, a key signaling molecule that directs and coordinates the genetic development process, during the most critical period of early ontogenesis.

SENSITIZATION TO STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES AT CHILDREN OF EARLY AND PRESCHOOL AGE WITH RECURRENT RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS — PREDICTORS OF RHEUMATIC PATHOLOGY

Streptococcus pyogenes is the reason of rheumatism and a post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Primary colonization of mucosal with this microorganism develops in the period of early ontogenesis. It was confirmed that at a carriage of this microorganism children at them activate immunopathological reactions. Clinic and immune features of the children with recurrent respiratory infections of early and preschool age having the immune response to S. pyogenes were studied. Position of risk of formation of rheumatic diseases at these children was studied. 771 children, in an age interval of 2–6 years are examined. Immune and clinical indicators in two groups of the children having the immune response to S. pyogenes (n = 306) and not having it (n = 465) were analyzed. It was shown that in group of the children with immune response to S. pyogenes were authentically higher: point of an hereditary predisposition, expressiveness of placental insufficiency and a fetal hypoxia during the real pregnancy, and in the post-natal period degree of a thymomegaly, a pharyngeal lymphoid ring hypertrophy, skin manifestations of food allergy on the first year of life, the frequency of sharp respiratory infections within one year — in comparison with control. The group of the children having the immune response to S. pyogenes had a high level in a nasal secret of TNFα, IL-4, IFNα, and in blood — ASL-O, ASG, RF, CRP and immunoglobulin E. It was shown that at the children with a sensitization to S. pyogenes were lowered in peripheral blood: the general leukocytes, lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes (CD3 positive), T-helpery (CD3 and CD4 positive), an immunoregulatory index (the relation of CD4 of positive lymphocytes to CD8 to positive lymphocytes), phagocytosis (in test with nitro blue tetrazolium chloride — NBT) and immunoglobulin A — in comparison with control. The atopic immune response to S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, P. vulgaris, K. pneumoniae, H. influenzae took place in the main group. The average logarithmic cultivation titer of these microorganisms was also authentically higher at children of the main group. The conducted research showed that hyper productive immune reactions mainly on humoral type which can provide induction of rheumatic pathology are associated with the immune response to S. pyogenes; and detection of IgG antibodies to S. pyogenes can be screening for identification of group of risk on formation of rheumatic diseases among children with recurrent respiratory infections and a pharyngeal lymphoid ring hypertrophy.

Dynamics of chemical composition of the Black Sea gray mullet Mugil cephalus in the period of early ontogenesis and its dependence on temperature and salinity

Results of experiments on the study of the effect of temperature and salinity on dynamics of the chemical composition of gray mullet Mugil cephalus in the embryonic-larval period of development are presented. During the period of endogenous feeding (from the beginning of egg cleavage to transition of larvae to active feeding), lipids are spent with a greater rate than protein. After transition of larvae to exogenous feeding, an increase in the absolute concentration of proteins compared to lipids begins earlier and proceeds more intensively. The stage of irreversible starvation in larvae of gray mullet starts at a loss of 39–44% of protein and of the same amount of lipids of their initial content at the moment of hatching. Minimal protein losses over the period of embryonic development of gray mullet, as well as of protein and lipids towards the moment of termination of resorption of yolk sac, are observed in the range of temperatures of 21–25°C. Under conditions of low salinity (13–15‰) in the process of resorption of the yolk sac, lipids are spent more economically than at a higher salinity (17–19‰) at the expense of an increase in protein losses. Thus, a decrease in specific weight promoting the retention of buoyancy of larvae in water of low density is achieved.

Effects of environmental conditions in the period of early ontogenesis on the formation of defensive behavior in juvenile roach Rutilus rutilus (Cyprinidae)

The feeding and defensive behavior of juvenile roach Rutilus rutilus (offspring of one pair of spawners) that were held at early stages of ontogenesis under conditions of differently enriched environments was studied. After the beginning of active swimming (the 12th day upon hatching), roach were reared for 95 days under different environmental conditions (feeding on active or immobilized organisms, the presence or absence of constant water flow, and the presence or absence of a predator), after which comparison of the efficiency of feeding behavior in the presence of a predator in juveniles of different groups was performed. It was established that the degree of environmental richness at early stages of ontogenesis exerts a determining effect on the formation of habits of defensive and feeding behavior. The most efficient behavior was observed in individuals that were held together with the predator during rearing.

V. N. Babichev. Neuroendocrine Regulation of the Reproductive System

The problems raised by V. N. Babichev in this monograph on deciphering the central mechanisms of regulation of the pituitary gonadotropic function occupy one of the main places among other issues of neuroendocrinology. To study the sequence of events in neuroendocrine processes that contribute to the preovulatory release of luteinizing hormone is a very complicated but necessary task. In the last decade, neuroendocrinologists are no longer satisfied with a fairly well-studied system of the relationship between gonadaliberin - gonadotropins and sex steroids. The essential role of monoamines of central origin in the regulation of the synthesis and secretion of pituitary gonadotropins, which show their function through luliberins, is shown. Experimenters and clinicians now have rich material that deepens and significantly changes our understanding of the neuroendocrine control of the reproductive system. These literature data in combination with prof. V.N. Babicheva demanded their generalization, which was perfectly done in the peer-reviewed monograph. A comprehensive approach to the study of the entire reproductive function control system, carried out in the laboratory of physiology of the endocrine system of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, starting from the period of early ontogenesis, made it possible to specify the role of neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin in the regulation of the pituitary gonadotropic function, to determine the point of their application in the hypothalamus , the direction of the response from gonadotropins depending on the level of sex hormones in the blood. The starting role of norepinephrine in the mechanism of ovulatory release of gonadotropins has been established, while the main point of its application is the preoptic region. The main point of application of dopamine is the area of ​​the mediobasal hypothalamus, or rather, the arcuate core.