Period Of Days Research Articles

Noise inequalities and cardiovascular diseases in Bulgaria

Abstract Background Social determinants of health in the physical environment are among the social determinants that greatly impact population health. At very high levels, noise can cause permanent changes in a person’s psyche but, even at lower levels, it can cause stress and disorders. Global burden of diseases studies arrange noise on the second position among the environmental risk factors, related to sleep disturbance, cardiovascular effects etc. The study aims to analyse noise pollution in Bulgaria and measure its association with cardiovascular diseases. Methods National Statistical Institute and Eurostat data were used to analyse the noise pollution in Bulgaria. The 28 regions were compared according to the proportion of surveyed points above permissible limits and the death rates due to CVD, /2022/. Data were statistically processed with SPSS v.26. To establish the correlation, the Pearson coefficient was used. Results Data provided by Eurostat reveal that 9% of the total population suffers from noise but there is a very positive trend - from 17.7% /in 2005/ to 8.7% /in 2023/. The share of surveyed points above permissible limits shows a continuing trend of maintaining a high percentage - 71.80% /2011/ and 68.62%/2022/. The district comparison shows significant variations - Blagoevgrad -17.65% and Silistra, Kyustendil and Razgrad with shares above 80%. The study found that almost all districts with the highest share of surveyed points above permissible limits have higher levels of death rate due to CVD. The results of statistical data analysis show that there is a positive moderate linear correlation between the share of surveyed points above permissible limits and the death rate due to CVD - Pearson coefficient 0.423 (p = 0.025). Conclusions The study found a moderate correlation between noise pollution and the death rate due to cardiovascular disease. CVD have a multifactorial genesis, but reducing noise in urban areas would help prevent these diseases. Key messages • As a result of the performed analysis, it can be concluded that the investigated indicators determining the degree of discomfort during the daily period remained high in Bulgaria. • The established health inequalities between regions and the increasing mortality from CVD are one of the factors for the deteriorating level of public health in Bulgaria.

Assessment of Artemisia campestris L. Leaf Extract Effects on Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Rats, Antioxidant and α-Amylase Inhibition Activities.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by metabolic and reproductive dysfunction, often associated with elevated oxidative stress markers in the bloodstream. This study examines the potential antioxidant properties and α-amylase inhibitory activity of Artemisia campestris leaves extract (Artemisia campestris L) and its effects on rats with induced PCOS. Estradiol valerate was administered to ten mature Wistar rats to induce PCOS, while a control group consisted of five mature Wistar rats. Following a 16-day induction period, the rats were categorized into three groups: a control group, a PCOS group, and an experimental group receiving 200 mg/kg body weight of A. campestris L. extract orally for 15 days. Serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured using the ELISA technique. The group treated with A. campestris L. extract exhibited significantly reduced LH levels compared to the PCOS group. Histomorphometric analysis indicated notable changes in follicle counts and the thickness of the theca layer. These findings suggest a significant alleviation of PCOS symptoms, potentially linked to the effects of A. campestris L. on oxidative stress pathways. Furthermore, aqueous extracts of A. campestris L. displayed potent in vitro inhibition of α-amylase, with an IC50 value of 2.418 µg/mL.

Detection of Hidden Low-Frequency Earthquakes in Southern Vancouver Island with Deep Learning

Low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) are small-magnitude earthquakes that are depleted in high-frequency content relative to traditional earthquakes of the same magnitude. These events occur in conjunction with slow slip events (SSEs) and can be used to infer the space and time evolution of SSEs. However, because LFEs have weak signals, and the methods used to identify them are computationally expensive, LFEs are not routinely cataloged in most places. Here, we develop a deep-learning model that learns from an existing LFE catalog to detect LFEs in 14 years of continuous waveform data in southern Vancouver Island. The result shows significant increases in detection rates at individual stations. We associate the detections and locate them using a grid search approach in a 3D regional velocity model, resulting in over 1 million LFEs during the performing period. Our resulting catalog is consistent with a widely used tremor catalog during periods of large-magnitude SSEs. However, there are time periods where it registers far more LFEs than the tremor catalog. We highlight a 16-day period in May 2010, when our model detects nearly 3,000 LFEs, whereas the tremor catalog contains only one tremor detection in the same region. This suggests the possibility of hidden small-magnitude SSEs that are undetected by current approaches. Our approach improves the temporal and spatial resolution of the LFE activities and provides new opportunities to understand deep subduction zone processes in this region.

Examining Daily Self-Efficacy, Minority Stressors, and Alcohol and Other Drug Use Among Trauma-Exposed Sexual Minority Women and Transgender and Gender-Diverse People.

This study aimed to develop and test a novel model integrating social-learning and self-medication frameworks by examining the association between self-efficacy to resist alcohol and other drug (AOD) use and daily AOD use and unhealthy drinking risk among trauma-exposed sexual minority women (SMW) and transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) people. We examined whether minority stressors moderated these associations. Data were from 57 trauma-exposed SMW and TGD people who participated in a 14-day daily diary study. Multilevel binary logistic models and ordinal logistic models were employed to examine associations between self-efficacy to resist AOD use and daily AOD use and unhealthy drinking risk at within- and between-person levels. We assessed same- and cross-level interactions between daily self-efficacy to resist AOD use and minority stressors in predicting AOD use and unhealthy drinking risk within the same 24-hour period (i.e., standardized as 6 pm to 6 pm; hereafter referred to as "same-day"). Self-efficacy to resist AOD use was associated with lower AOD use and unhealthy drinking risk. Minority stressors were associated with daily AOD use. Among those who experienced higher (vs. lower) average sexual minority stressors over the 2-week daily diary period, higher-than-usual self-efficacy to resist AOD use was less protective in decreasing risk of same-day unhealthy drinking. Interventions aiming to mitigate AOD use and unhealthy drinking risk by bolstering self-efficacy to resist AOD use should consider the impact of recent cumulative exposure to sexual minority stressors in this population. Further, policy efforts are needed to reduce perpetuation of stigma.

Effect of Interrupting the Daily Scotophase Period on Laying Hen Performance, Bone Health, Behavior, and Welfare; Part I: Bone Health

Effect of Interrupting the Daily Scotophase Period on Laying Hen Performance, Bone Health, Behavior, and Welfare; Part I: Bone Health

Enhancing Spectrometer Performance with Unsupervised Machine Learning.

Solid-state NMR spectroscopy (SSNMR) is a powerful technique to probe structural and dynamic properties of biomolecules at an atomic level. Modern SSNMR methods employ multidimensional pulse sequences requiring data collection over a period of days to weeks. Variations in signal intensity or frequency due to environmental fluctuation introduce artifacts into the spectra. Therefore, it is critical to actively monitor instrumentation subject to fluctuations. Here, we demonstrate a method rooted in the unsupervised machine learning algorithm principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate the impact of environmental parameters that affect sensitivity, resolution and peak positions (chemical shifts) in multidimensional SSNMR protein spectra. PCA loading spectra illustrate the unique features associated with each drifting parameter, while the PCA scores quantify the magnitude of parameter drift. This is demonstrated both for double (HC) and triple resonance (HCN) experiments. Furthermore, we apply this methodology to identify magnetic field B0 drift, and leverage PCA to "denoise" multidimensional SSNMR spectra of the membrane protein, EmrE, using several spectra collected over several days. Finally, we utilize PCA to identify changes in B1 (CP and decoupling) and B0 fields in a manner that we envision could be automated in the future. Overall, these approaches enable improved objectivity in monitoring NMR spectrometers, and are also applicable to other forms of spectroscopy.

Influence of Vegetation Phenology on the Temporal Effect of Crop Fractional Vegetation Cover Derived from Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Nadir Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function–Adjusted Reflectance

Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Nadir Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF)-Adjusted Reflectance (NBAR) products are being increasingly used for the quantitative remote sensing of vegetation. However, the assumption underlying the MODIS NBAR product’s inversion model—that surface anisotropy remains unchanged over the 16-day retrieval period—may be unreliable, especially since the canopy structure of vegetation undergoes stark changes at the start of season (SOS) and the end of season (EOS). Therefore, to investigate the MODIS NBAR product’s temporal effect on the quantitative remote sensing of crops at different stages of the growing seasons, this study selected typical phenological parameters, namely SOS, EOS, and the intervening stable growth of season (SGOS). The PROBA-V bioGEOphysical product Version 3 (GEOV3) Fractional Vegetation Cover (FVC) served as verification data, and the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) was used to compare and analyze the retrieval accuracy of FVC derived from the MODIS NBAR product and MODIS Surface Reflectance product. The Anisotropic Flat Index (AFX) was further employed to explore the influence of vegetation type and mixed pixel distribution characteristics on the BRDF shape under different stages of the growing seasons and different FVC; that was then combined with an NDVI spatial distribution map to assess the feasibility of using the reflectance of other characteristic directions besides NBAR for FVC correction. The results revealed the following: (1) Generally, at the SOSs and EOSs, the differences in PCCs before vs. after the NBAR correction mainly ranged from 0 to 0.1. This implies that the accuracy of FVC derived from MODIS NBAR is lower than that derived from MODIS Surface Reflectance. Conversely, during the SGOSs, the differences in PCCs before vs. after the NBAR correction ranged between –0.2 and 0, suggesting the accuracy of FVC derived from MODIS NBAR surpasses that derived from MODIS Surface Reflectance. (2) As vegetation phenology shifts, the ensuing differences in NDVI patterning and AFX can offer auxiliary information for enhanced vegetation classification and interpretation of mixed pixel distribution characteristics, which, when combined with NDVI at characteristic directional reflectance, could enable the accurate retrieval of FVC. Our results provide data support for the BRDF correction timescale effect of various stages of the growing seasons, highlighting the potential importance of considering how they differentially influence the temporal effect of NBAR corrections prior to monitoring vegetation when using the MODIS NBAR product.

Comparison of intramuscular medetomidine versus medetomidine-vatinoxan sedation in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)

ObjectiveTo assess sedation following intramuscular (IM) administration of medetomidine versus medetomidine-vatinoxan in bearded dragons. Study designProspective, randomized, experimental, crossover study. AnimalsA group of 10 (males; n = 5, females; n = 5) bearded dragons (mean mass ± standard deviation 172 ± 28 g). MethodsAll animals were given both medetomidine (0.2 mg kg -1) (MED) and medetomidine (0.2 mg kg -1)-vatinoxan (4 mg kg -1) (MED-VAT) IM, with a 14–16-day washout period between treatments. Sedation was assessed using an adapted version of a sedation scale for bearded dragons (scale range 0–12) before (T0), and every 5 minutes from 10 to 45 minutes after treatment administration (T10–T45). Sedation scores were compared i) between timepoints (within treatments) using a Friedman test and Dunn post hoc test; and ii) between treatments at each timepoint using a Wilcoxon paired test. Heart rate and respiratory rate (fR) were analyzed descriptively. At T45, atipamezole was given IM. ResultsCompared to T0, sedation scores were significantly higher at most timepoints for both treatments. Highest median (range) scores occurred at T30 for MED [T0; 0 (0–0), T30; 2.5 (1–5), p = 0.0001] and at T35 and T40 for MED-VAT [T0; 0 (0–0), T35; 2 (1–5), p = 0.002, T40; 2 (1–5), p = 0.001]. No significant differences in sedation scores were identified between treatments at any timepoint. The two protocols caused bradycardia and reduction in fR. All animals were active and ate 1 hour after reversal administration. Conclusions and clinical relevanceBoth medetomidine and medetomidine-vatinoxan caused similar mild sedation in bearded dragons (median < 3/12). Inclusion of vatinoxan did not enhance sedation in this species.

Hybrid Deep-Learning Approach with Geoffrey E. Havers-Based Loss Function and Evaluation Metric for Multilocation Traffic-Flow Forecasting

Traffic forecasting can enhance the efficiency of traffic control strategies such as routing decisions, variable speed limits, and ramp metering, resulting in a decrease in congestion, pollutants, and expenses, and an improvement in journey time predictability. Traffic forecasting, however, remains challenging because of the complex, heterogeneous, and cyclic nature of traffic data. To address this complexity, this research employs a multi-input hybrid deep self-attention network (MIHDSAN) for multilocation forecasting. The model inputs are selected using correlation analysis. New tunable loss and evaluation metrics formulations are proposed based on the traffic-modeling Geoffrey E. Havers (GEH) statistic. The proposed method was validated on two independent real-world traffic datasets from Stockton and Oakland, California. The weekly periodicity was the more relevant periodic input feature compared with daily variations; however, the daily variation was also significant for the Stockton dataset. The inclusion of weekly traffic periodicity (&gt;95% correlated) improved the performance of the model by 3%. Adding daily periodicity was only beneficial for the Stockton dataset (91% correlated). The proposed GEH metric and its standard acceptance criterion offer both quantitative and qualitative means of evaluating the forecasts produced. The GEH loss function was consistent and outperformed current industry-standard methodologies of mean absolute error (MAE) in 80% and mean squared error (MSE) in 94% of cases. Therefore, this research presents evidence to suggest that the proposed GEH loss and evaluation functions validated in this paper become a standard criterion for traffic forecasting.

Tabloid Dailiesas the Market Leader of the Slovak Daily Press

The paper deals with the question of when Slovak tabloids became the market leader of Slovak daily newspapers. It analyses the results of the audit of the sold circulation of the Slovak daily newspapers Nový čas and Plus JEDEN DEŇ in the period from December 2006 to December 2023 and compares them with the sold circulation of other Slovak daily newspapers involved in the audit during that period. In total, this article monitored the development of the sold circulation of seven Slovak daily newspapers, namely two tabloid newspapers Nový čas and Plus JEDEN DEŇ and five non-tabloids, namely Hospodárske noviny, Korzár, Pravda, SME and Új Szó. The comparison presented in this post is based on data from the Audit Bureau of Circulations, which is publicly available online. The aim of this study is to find out when the tabloid Plus JEDEN DEŇ ranked second as the best-selling Slovak periodical with daily periodicity, the tabloid daily Nový čas, and how this trend developed. The question of the position of the daily newspaper Plus JEDEN DEŇ as the second best-selling Slovak newspaper with daily periodicity was analyzed on two levels. In the first case, the paper focuses on the question of in which year the daily Plus JEDEN DEŇ became the second best-selling daily in terms of average monthly circulation sold. In the latter case, this article finds out in which month in which year the second highest position in the daily newspaper Plus JEDEN DEŇ sold circulation within its actual monthly circulation settled. The development of the trend of the leading position of Slovak tabloids on the Slovak daily press market is also monitored in this study on two levels, i.e. how the Plus JEDEN DEŇ ranked on the market of Slovak daily newspapers during the years 2007-2023 within the average monthly circulation sold and also how the Plus JEDEN DEŇ ranked on the market of Slovak daily newspapers during individual months in the period 2006-2023 in terms of actual monthly circulation sold. Keywords: Plus JEDEN DEŇ, print circulation, Nový čas, tabloid dailies.

A Mathematical Model of Diel Activity and Long Time Survival in Phototrophic Mixed-Species Subaerial Biofilms

Subaerial biofilms (SAB) are intricate microbial communities living on terrestrial surfaces, of interest in a variety of contexts including cultural heritage preservation, microbial ecology, biogeochemical cycling, and biotechnology. Here we propose a mathematical model aimed at better understanding the interplay between cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria, common microbial SAB constituents, and their mutual dependence on local environmental conditions. SABs are modeled as thin mixed biofilm-liquid water layers sitting on stone. A system of ordinary differential equations regulates the dynamics of key SAB components: cyanobacteria, heterotrophs, polysaccharides and decayed biomass, as well as cellular levels of organic carbon, nitrogen and energy. These components are interconnected through a network of energetically dominant metabolic pathways, modeled with limitation terms reflecting the impact of biotic and abiotic factors. Daily cylces of temperature, humidity, and light intensity are considered as input model variables that regulate microbial activity by influencing water availability and metabolic kinetics. Relevant physico-chemical processes, including pH regulation, further contribute to a description of the SAB ecology. Numerical simulations explore the dynamics of SABs in a real-world context, revealing distinct daily activity periods shaped by water activity and light availability, as well as longer time scale survivability conditions. Results also suggest that heterotrophs could play a substantial role in decomposing non-volatile carbon compounds and regulating pH, thus influencing the overall composition and stability of the biofilm.

Enhancing Wound Healing Potential through the Development of a Herbosomal Transdermal Patch Containing Terminalia bellerica Ethanolic Extract

The process of wound recovery is a complex challenge, wherein the skin and the underlying tissue undergo self-repair following an injury. Wound healing comprises four fundamental stages: haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation. The leaves of Terminalia bellerica are widely employed in traditional Indian medicine for the treatment of wounds. Terminalia bellerica contains a variety of chemical constituents, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, glycosides, sterols, amino acids, and reducing sugars such as ribose, glucose, lactose, maltose, and sucrose. This study specifically addresses the composition of Terminalia bellerica, focusing particularly on its Herbosomal formulation with potential in wound healing, along with a method for preparing a transdermal patch. Over a 16-day period, a transdermal patch (incorporating F5 composition) demonstrated a reduction in the wound area across different animal groups. Consequently, the formulation (containing F5 composition) expeditiously promotes wound healing (epithelialization time 15.52–16.21 days) and exhibits substantial similarity to the group treated with 5% povidone–iodine ointment. In comparison to existing technology, the transdermal patch (F5 composition with only 50mg of the drug) achieved complete healing in 16.86±3.22 days with 96.10±2.88% wound contraction. The results highlight a significant enhancement in bioavailability and specific wound healing activity for the prepared formulation.

Stress-Based Model for Interpreting Shear Wave Velocity from Seismic Cone Penetration Tests in Unsaturated Soil

Shear wave velocity is an important parameter for estimating soil properties used in analyzing the dynamic response of soil to seismic loading. This paper focuses on developing a model for predicting shear wave velocity in unsaturated soils. The model was developed primarily for the interpretation of seismic cone penetration tests (SCPTs) in unsaturated soil to account for seasonal variations in moisture conditions. In practice, SCPTs typically occur over a period of days without the option of choosing a wet or dry period. The question becomes, if tests are conducted during a dry period, how can shear wave velocity corresponding to a wetter period be predicted, or vice versa? Answering this question was the primary motivation of this work. The work involved field testing with the seismic cone penetrometer during wet and dry periods and a focused study at three sites involving comparison between field and laboratory testing for shear wave velocity. The model presented in this paper is built upon the significant work of many other researchers with reference to new experimental data obtained by the authors. It is demonstrated that a stress-based model incorporating matric suction can provide reasonable predictions of shear wave velocity and provides a method to interpret the impact of changing moisture content on shear wave velocities determined with SCPTs.

A Study on Problems of the Street Vendors in Lalbandi Municipality

Due to their lack of education and skills, street vendors are among the most vulnerable and impoverished groups in the urban informal labor market and business sector. They are also unable to obtain permanent positions in the lucrative formal sector. They constantly attempt to use their limited financial means to address the issues affecting their way of life. They serve as the primary distribution routes for a wide range of goods used on a daily basis, including fruits, vegetables, shoes, ready-made clothes, toys, household appliances, stationery, newspapers, and periodicals. A serious dilemma would arise for small-scale businesses that cannot afford to retail their products through pricey formal sector distribution networks, as well as fruit and vegetable growers, if they were to be removed from urban markets. So is found in the case of street vendors of Lalbandi Municipality. Thus, main purpose of conducting this study is to find out the problems faced by street vendors in Lalbandi Municipality. For this, descriptive research design is adopted to explore street vendors’ problems. Out of two hundred seventy-three street vendors of Lalbandi Municipality, thirty street vendors are chosen randomly. The street vendors who sell fruits, vegetables, prepared foods, and household appliances via local vehicles and permanent shelter are the subjects of the current study. The study showed that there is a noteworthy correlation between the issues encountered by the street vendors. The respondents’ general opinion of street sellers and the issues they encountered do not significantly correlate. In nutshell, the street vendors of Lalbandi Municipality have been facing various sorts of problems such as lack of security, price fluctuation, lack of sufficient amount, bribes to the authorities etc. and for that a comprehensive strategy that includes social protection measures, infrastructure and service investments, policy reforms, and initiatives to organize and empower street vendors is needed. Furthermore, the present study is useful to the stakeholders, policy makers and to those who have just started up their small-scale businesses.

Sedentary Behavior, Obesity, and Disabilities in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Analysis of the Brazilian National Health Survey 2019.

Research suggests that sedentary behavior (SB) and obesity are associated with disabilities in basic activities (BADL) and instrumental (IADL) activities of daily living. However, there is a lack of studies investigating this association in community-dwelling older adults. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between different SB typologies, isolated and in conjunction with obesity, and their associations with BADL and IADL disabilities in community-dwelling Brazilian older adults. This was a cross-sectional study using data from older adults (≥60 years) who participated in the Brazilian National Health Survey (2019). The exposures were obesity (BMI > 27 kg/m2) and the amount of time spent daily on SB watching television (SB TV < 3 and ≥3 h/day) and engaging in leisure activities (SB leisure < 3 and ≥3 h/day), analyzed both separately and jointly. The outcomes were BADL and IADL disabilities. The main results showed that isolated SB TV ≥ 3 h/day (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.14; 1.39) and SB TV ≥ 3 h/day combined with obesity (OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.37; 1.75) increased the odds of BADL and IADL disabilities. Obesity alone (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.07; 1.36) increased only the odds of BADL disabilities. Moreover, SB leisure ≥ 3 h/day without obesity reduced the odds of IADL disabilities (OR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.41; 0.76). Ideally, older adults should be encouraged to prevent obesity, reduce excessive periods spent in SB watching TV, and increase the daily periods spent in leisure activities, thus minimizing the likelihood of disabilities in functional activities.

Stability of immunohaematological reagents used for blood typing of recipients in the tube technique.

The storage temperature of immunohaematological reagents generally ranges from 2 to 8°C, and they should be utilised at room temperature. This study aimed to analyse the stability of immunohaematological reagents used in ABO and RhD typing. The evaluation encompassed the potency, specificity, and integrity of anti-A, anti-B, anti-D, RhD control sera, and A1 and B red blood cells (RBC) reagents after long (8 h) and short (4 h) daily periods of exposure to room temperature (20-24°C), 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Additionally, the A1 and B RBC reagents were exposed daily for 11 h and 30 min at room temperature, including 30 more minutes at room temperature with simultaneous homogenisation through equipment. For the control, an aliquot of each reagent was constantly stored at refrigeration temperature, while another was exposed to room temperature for 12 h daily. Tests conducted included reaction intensity, titration, and avidity for antisera, reaction intensity, free haemoglobin determination, and electrical conductivity for the RBC reagents. The antisera maintained the reaction intensity. The titre and avidity of the antisera satisfied the minimum Brazilian requirements after different exposure periods. A higher free haemoglobin concentration was noted in the RBC reagents subjected to room temperature and simultaneous homogenisation, although this did not affect the potency and specificity. The electrical conductivity average of the RBC reagent remained consistent. The findings indicate that the immunohaematological reagents from a specific manufacturer are stable under the tested temperature, ensuring the quality of the results under these conditions.

Growth, Characterizations of Oxalic Acid Di-Hydrate Crystals of Pure, Milled, Shocked Impact of 50 Scaling for Electronic, Photonic, Display and Sensor Usefulness by Theory and Practice

Oxalic acid dihydrate (OADH) crystal was grown by slow evaporation solution method, milled to micro-OADH, impacted with shocked 50 pulses and harvested in a 16-day period. The 2 MPa pressure with 2.2 Mach number of 864 K temperature specifies the product as shocked 50 scaled OADH. Single crystalline X-ray diffraction of OADH macro are as specified with P21/n as space group with monoclinic as the crystal system and shocked 50 scaled OADH are with lattice constants; the % of elements of OADH specimen are confirmed by theory and practice. The dielectric constant of OADH is higher at lower frequency values by space charge polarization. OADH of all scales are of the negative photo-conductivity type. The influx data of OADH of three types of scaling are identified as better electronic filter. The micro-OADH is confirmed by the scanning electron microscopy analysis as 10 micrometer scaling without any flaws. The Fluorescence (FL) study shows bluish FL emission for all samples of OADH; sensitivity is 8.88>6.6>2.2 for shocked 50-OADH, micro-OADH, macro-OADH. The Miller’s indices of (101) profile for RGB display is shown without as well with recursive colors of OADH.

An Injury-like Signature of the Extracellular Glioma Metabolome.

Aberrant metabolism is a hallmark of malignancies including gliomas. Intracranial microdialysis enables the longitudinal collection of extracellular metabolites within CNS tissues including gliomas and can be leveraged to evaluate changes in the CNS microenvironment over a period of days. However, delayed metabolic impacts of CNS injury from catheter placement could represent an important covariate for interpreting the pharmacodynamic impacts of candidate therapies. Intracranial microdialysis was performed in patient-derived glioma xenografts of glioma before and 72 h after systemic treatment with either temozolomide (TMZ) or a vehicle. Microdialysate from GBM164, an IDH-mutant glioma patient-derived xenograft, revealed a distinct metabolic signature relative to the brain that recapitulated the metabolic features observed in human glioma microdialysate. Unexpectedly, catheter insertion into the brains of non-tumor-bearing animals triggered metabolic changes that were significantly enriched for the extracellular metabolome of glioma itself. TMZ administration attenuated this resemblance. The human glioma microdialysate was significantly enriched for both the PDX versus brain signature in mice and the induced metabolome of catheter placement within the murine control brain. These data illustrate the feasibility of microdialysis to identify and monitor the extracellular metabolome of diseased versus relatively normal brains while highlighting the similarity between the extracellular metabolome of human gliomas and that of CNS injury.

The Roles of White Adipose Tissue and Liver NADPH in Dietary Restriction-Induced Longevity.

Dietary restriction (DR) protocols frequently employ intermittent fasting. Following a period of fasting, meal consumption increases lipogenic gene expression, including that of NADPH-generating enzymes that fuel lipogenesis in white adipose tissue (WAT) through the induction of transcriptional regulators SREBP-1c and CHREBP. SREBP-1c knockout mice, unlike controls, did not show an extended lifespan on the DR diet. WAT cytoplasmic NADPH is generated by both malic enzyme 1 (ME1) and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), while liver cytoplasmic NADPH is primarily synthesized by folate cycle enzymes provided one-carbon units through serine catabolism. During the daily fasting period of the DR diet, fatty acids are released from WAT and are transported to peripheral tissues, where they are used for beta-oxidation and for phospholipid and lipid droplet synthesis, where monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) may activate Nrf1 and inhibit ferroptosis to promote longevity. Decreased WAT NADPH from PPP gene knockout stimulated the browning of WAT and protected from a high-fat diet, while high levels of NADPH-generating enzymes in WAT and macrophages are linked to obesity. But oscillations in WAT [NADPH]/[NADP+] from feeding and fasting cycles may play an important role in maintaining metabolic plasticity to drive longevity. Studies measuring the WAT malate/pyruvate as a proxy for the cytoplasmic [NADPH]/[NADP+], as well as studies using fluorescent biosensors expressed in the WAT of animal models to monitor the changes in cytoplasmic [NADPH]/[NADP+], are needed during ad libitum and DR diets to determine the changes that are associated with longevity.

Precise Serial Microregistration Enables Quantitative Microscopy Imaging Tracking of Human Skin Cells In Vivo.

We developed an automated microregistration method that enables repeated in vivo skin microscopy imaging of the same tissue microlocation and specific cells over a long period of days and weeks with unprecedented precision. Applying this method in conjunction with an in vivo multimodality multiphoton microscope, the behavior of human skin cells such as cell proliferation, melanin upward migration, blood flow dynamics, and epidermal thickness adaptation can be recorded over time, facilitating quantitative cellular dynamics analysis. We demonstrated the usefulness of this method in a skin biology study by successfully monitoring skin cellular responses for a period of two weeks following an acute exposure to ultraviolet light.