Campaign Period Research Articles

Limits of Criminalization of False News AsCriminal Acts in Elections

The serious danger of election hoaxes is when the hoax is conveyed to the public who are very apathetic or in people who do not trust the current government, and distributed massively ahead of voting day. It is at this stage that hoaxes can intervene free choice of voters who have greater autonomy."The aim of this research is to analyze the basis and limits of criminalization of the act of fabricating and spreading hoaxes election. The focus of this research is on the act of fabricating and disseminating hoaxes part of election crimes. This research is document research using statutory approach and case approach. The results of this research show that the basis The criminalization of the act of fabricating and spreading election hoaxes is not because it exists lies but there are attempts to disrupt the democratic process and there is danger or loss remote harm in the form of a threat to national security. The act of manufacturing and spreading election hoaxes is part of the black campaign. Limitation Criminalization can be carried out if there is a clear and present danger and there is a mistake serious, intentional, from the perpetrator. However, there are difficulties in criminalizing it the act of fabricating and spreading election hoaxes. As part of a black campaign campaign) then the criminal act is formulated as an offense propria and the time of committing the criminal act limited to the campaign period only. The recommendation for this research is the use of facilities other than criminal law must be put forward. There needs to be regulation in the field of administrative law regarding election hoaxes both in election law and information law and electronic transactions.

Commodification of INews News Narrative Content on Perceptions of 2024 Election Fraud

This study explores the commodification of INews news narrative content towards the perception of fraud in the 2024 Election. The main problem underlying this study is the increasing public concern about honesty in the election process, which is often influenced by media coverage. This study aims to analyze how INews, as one of the main media, packages news related to alleged fraud in the 2024 Election and its impact on public perception. The method used is content analysis with a qualitative approach, where news is taken from the campaign period to post-election. Data is analyzed using discourse analysis techniques to identify themes, narratives, and news framing. The results of the study show that INews tends to commodify news by emphasizing sensational and dramatic aspects, which can strengthen negative perceptions of election fraud among the public. The conclusion of this study is that the commodification of news by INews can significantly influence public opinion, so it is important for the media to maintain objectivity and integrity in election reporting to support a healthy democratic process.

Could you teach new tricks to old dogs? An analysis of online communication of political leaders in Spanish regional elections

Two regional elections were held in 2022, marking the start of a new electoral phase in Spain. The first election was held in February in Castilla y León, where the right-wing VOX party formed a coalition government with the right-wing Partido Popular for the first time. At the same time, the far-left party Podemos saw its parliamentary representation significantly reduced. Subsequently, in June, Andalusia held its elections, in which VOX increased its representation by two seats, marking the beginning of its rise at the national electoral level. Conversely, the extreme left, split between two parties, saw its representation decline, losing 10 seats. This study attempts to juxtapose the electoral strategies employed by the leaders of the different political parties, with a particular focus on the communication strategies of leaders and parties on X (formerly Twitter) throughout the campaign period. It is expected that discrepancies will emerge not only between political entities, but also between regions. To investigate this hypothesis, we conducted a content analysis of X accounts, selecting those associated with regional presidential candidates within each region. We distinguish between those considered ‘traditional’ political parties and those considered ‘new’, including in these two categories the main contending political parties in each region. Thanks to the analysis, the proposed objective is achieved, demonstrating the existing differences between the two types of political parties and how their leaders use the social platform X. The results show that all the elements considered in the study are present, although not uniformly across both regions analyzed. This suggests a progressive alignment between new and traditional parties, reflecting a convergence in their strategies for conducting electoral campaigns.

3P Strategy in Verrel Bramasta's Political Marketing in the 2024 Legislative Election: Instagram Social Media Content Analysis

This research is based on the phenomenon that occurred in the 2024 general election, where political marketing has become a common instrument used by candidates or political parties. This is done to approach the public to gain support that allows them to win political office. This research aims to analyze the 3P (Push, Pull, Pass) strategy used by Verrel Bramasta in his political campaign in the 2024 legislative elections, focusing on the Instagram social media platform. In the context of political marketing, social media has become an important tool to gain public support and build a candidate's image. This research adopts a qualitative approach with the data collection technique of documentation from Verrel Bramasta's Instagram posts during a certain campaign period. The content analysis method is used to decipher the meaning of his political campaign content by paying attention to the use of the 3P strategy and its impact on public perception and voter participation. The results of this study show that the use of social media can strengthen the image and gain support from voters, which increases the chances of winning.

Synergy of corporate and personal branding: The example of Stal Mielec FC and Jacek Klimek

The aim of this article is to verify the synergy effect between the personal brand of an organization’s leader and the corporate brand in the context of communication activities and a political campaign. The example of Jacek Klimek, the president of the football club Stal Mielec and a candidate for mayor of Mielec, was used. The impact of his branding activities on the perception of the corporate brand and the use of the club’s image in constructing a political narrative was discussed. The study used an analysis of several hundred press publications from the pre-election campaign period, taking into account visual and thematic elements. The results indicate the important role of synergy in enhancing the image of both the leader and the organization while highlighting the need for careful image management in the political context. The article contributes to the literature on social communication and media sciences by providing empirical findings on the integration of personal and corporate brands.

Impact of news consumption on social media during the 2024 electoral campaign in Mozambique

This scientific article discusses the consumption of news about the electoral campaign on social networks during the campaign period in Mozambique in 2024. The research was carried out on an exploratory basis, where the issue of news consumption on digital platforms was analyzed based on a bibliographical review of authors in the field, with some incidence of the approach defended by Stuart Hall’s theory of encoding and decoding. This study investigated how different social networks impact on voter interest and the circulation of information. The results reveal a significant relationship of trust in private media and information organizations, which use Facebook to access digital media and WhatsApp to disseminate and share news. Finally, it is important to note that the results achieved had the participation of 160 respondents, all of them Mozambican nationals.

Еженедельная карта «Расположение войск австро-германцев на русском фронте (по официальным данным)» – ценный источник исторической и географической информации

The article deals with studying an advertising and cartographic work of the WWI, weekly map "Positions of the Austro-German troops on the Russian Frontline (due to official data)". The research is based on clarification of its origin’s circumstances, the history of its creation, identification of the author and publisher, confirmation of authenticity, determining relationship with historic events or others and defining the source-studying value of the cartographic materials. In the course of the work, connection with the historic events of the War was revealed. The maps of the publication enabled tracing the weekly changes in the Russian front line and the course of battles at all fronts. Judging by the content of the advertisements located in the margins of the maps, you can see the entire historic period of the military campaign, as well as changes in the socio-political moods which took place in the Russian society. The biography of the map publisher G. Y. Footman was studied in detail, previously unknown archival documents were revealed, they allow us to build various hypotheses on the initial goals of creating the studied cartographic work

High‐Frequency Gravity Waves and Kelvin‐Helmholtz Billows in the Tropical UTLS, as Seen From Radar Observations of Vertical Wind

AbstractThe present study analyzes novel observations of vertical wind in the tropical upper troposphere‐lower stratosphere obtained from a radar wind profiler in Cochin, India. Between December 2022 and April 2023, 63 consecutive 4 hr curtains of were measured with a vertical spacing of 180 m and a sampling time step of 44 s, thus resolving almost the whole spectrum of vertical motions. Spectra of strongly vary with altitude. They are generally flat up to the local Brunt‐Väisälä frequency (BVF), but sometimes exhibit a peak of variance closer to BVF, a feature which may be attributed to trapped gravity waves. At other times and locations, the profiles reveal Kelvin‐Helmholtz billows. Finally, the variability of variance over the 4 month campaign period is investigated. Using brightness temperature from geostationary satellites as a convective proxy, it is found that variance is highly correlated with fluctuations in convective activity.

Temporal gravimetry, campaign and permanent GNSS, and interferometric radar techniques: A comparative approach to quantifying land deformation rates in coastal Texas

Land subsidence and local sea-level rise are well-known on-going hazards that negatively impacting coastal regions, exacerbating coastal flooding, threatening infrastructure stability, accelerating erosion, and amplifying the risks of inundation and property damage. This study used four techniques to quantify land deformation rates in the Texas Coastal Bend region and to investigate the controlling factors on two different spatiotemporal scales: (1) local scale, where biweekly temporal gravity and campaign Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements were acquired at six locations over 2 years (October 2020–September 2022); and (2) regional scale, where vertical displacement time series were extracted from the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and 15 permanent GNSS stations over 5 years (January 2017–November 2021). The observed inconsistency between land deformation rates derived from gravity (range: −33.32 ± 149.30 to +338.68 ± 107.93 mm/yr) and campaign GNSS (range: −17.91 ± 14.90 to +5.69 ± 9.93 mm/yr) surveys could be attributed to the short campaign period and the infrequency of data acquisition. The InSAR-derived deformation rates (range: −12.16 ± 0.12 to +11.70 ± 0.00 mm/yr) were consistent with the permanent GNSS-derived rates (range: −14.0 ± 0.6 to +9.0 ± 3.0 mm/yr); both indicated spatiotemporal variability in land deformation rates across the Texas Coastal Bend. A total of 4 coastal towns (−2.3 ± 3.3 mm/yr), 3 cities (−1.4 ± 2.6 mm/yr), 3 inland towns (−3.6 ± 4.2 mm/yr), and 7 industrial plants (−3.8 ± 5.8 mm/yr) were found to have significant land subsidence rates due to sediment compaction, growth faulting, oil/gas extraction, and groundwater extraction. Results of this study emphasize the advantages and limitations of four different techniques in quantifying land deformation rates; can enhance estimates of local sea-level rise; and offer valuable insights to support coastal communities in mitigating the impacts of land subsidence and improving their resilience.

Transaction-based government-business relationship via government customer

Transaction-based government-business relationship (GBR) can be established when the government serves as a company's customer. This study investigates the consequences and mechanisms of this type of GBR. We find that companies with government customers receive more subsidies, due to both signalling effect and rent-seeking effect. As China's anti-corruption campaign tries to disconnect relation-based GBR and eliminate rent-seeking, transaction-based GBR survives. In the post anti-corruption campaign period, the rent-seeking effect of the transaction-based GBR weakens, but the signalling effect remains, and the government subsidy efficiency improves. This study sheds lights on the economics of transaction-based GBR which is largely ignored in the existing literature and reveals the effects of the interactions of anti-corruption and business transactions.

Co-administration of COVID-19 and flu vaccines in healthcare workers: results from three campaigns

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic, along with seasonal influenza, highlights the need for innovative public health strategies. Co-administering COVID-19 and influenza vaccines offers advantages for healthcare workers (HCWs), streamlining vaccination efforts and enhancing public health resilience. Recent evidence supports the safety and efficacy of this approach, endorsed by health authorities worldwide. However, its acceptance remains a concern. This study explores HCWs’ acceptance of vaccine co-administration in three campaigns post the introduction of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. During three consecutive flu seasons from October 2021 to January 2024, a cross-sectional study was conducted in a large Italian teaching hospital. Data for 2021/2022, 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 were compared, focusing on healthcare workers present in all datasets. McNemar’s test examined changes in acceptance of co-administration. In addition, a conditional logistic regression model was designed to assess the determinants of co-administration through the vaccination campaigns in the three years. During these vaccination campaigns 7457 HCWs were observed (62.78% women, median age 43). Co-administration surged, particularly in 2022/2023, showing a 280.71% increase, consistent across all professional categories (p < 0.001). Controlling for gender and professional category, acceptance of coadministration showed a significant association respectively with “open days” twice a month (OR 2.9 CI [2.7; 3.6]) and a hospital vaccination clinic two days a week on weekdays (OR 4.5 CI [4.1; 5.4]) compared to conducting vaccinations at a clinic open everyday during the campaign period; no association was highlighted with age. This study investigates a facet of an increasingly significant topic, demonstrating that co-administering vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza is emerging as an effective strategy in annual vaccination campaigns, thanks to its safety and the streamlining of logistical and organizational processes. Key messages • The co-administration of vaccines offers a promising strategy to enhance vaccination rates among healthcare workers. • By identifying factors influencing acceptance, it aims to inform targeted interventions for maximizing vaccine uptake and public health resilience.

The Meaning of Political Messages in Carousel Posts on @ganjar_pranowo’s Instagram Account during the 2024 Electoral Campaign Period

The Meaning of Political Messages in Carousel Posts on @ganjar_pranowo’s Instagram Account during the 2024 Electoral Campaign Period

Using social media to communicate competence, ordinariness, and authenticity in political leadership

Abstract Understanding how political leaders use social media during election campaigns is a growing area of research, with existing literature focussing on single-election examinations of platform usage (Smith 2021). This paper instead conducts a longitudinal examination of political leadership on Twitter/X at the 2015, 2017, and 2019 UK general elections, focussing on the different ways in which leaders portray their competence, ordinariness, and authenticity. In analysing 2,694 posts during the short campaign period by the various leaders of the Conservatives, Labour, Liberal Democrats, and the Scottish National Party, enables the examination of both changing social media behaviours and individual constructions of leadership under the same party label.

Inter-annual changes in transboundary air quality from KORUS-AQ 2016 to SIJAQ 2022 campaign periods and assessment of emission reduction strategies in Northeast Asia

Northeast Asia suffers from high concentrations of particulate matter (PM), prompting nations to actively implement emission reduction policies. This study evaluated the recent inter-annual changes in the chemical transformation and transboundary transport of PM over Northeast Asia, based on both ground and aircraft measurements, as well as WRF-Chem simulations, during two comprehensive campaigns: the Korea–United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign in 2016 and the Satellite Integrated Joint Monitoring of Air Quality (SIJAQ) campaign in 2022, both conducted around the Korean Peninsula. Ground measurements in 2022 revealed significant reductions in air pollutants compared to 2016 levels. In the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, PM2.5 and SO2 concentrations decreased by 47.2% and 73.9%, respectively, attributable to successful SOx and NOx emission reduction strategies. Similar trends were observed in downwind areas, including Seoul, where PM2.5 and SO2 levels declined by 30.0% and 41.4%, respectively. WRF-Chem model results indicated substantial decreases in sulfates, nitrates, and their precursors in both surface and upper atmosphere in 2022 compared to 2016. Moreover, model-calculated gas-to-particle conversion ratios, which peaked in the Yellow Sea in 2016, decreased by 15% in 2022 and shifted slightly eastward to the western Korean Peninsula. This shift suggests a potential decline in secondary PM formation processed in the Yellow Sea, coinciding with reduced long-range transport of gaseous pollutants. A comparison of model sensitivity experiments, accounting for both bottom-up emission changes and meteorological variations, revealed that while weather and climate factors such as precipitation and pressure patterns between 2016 and 2022 contributed to the overall decrease in PM concentrations, the primary driver was the reduction in emissions during this period. This study highlighted that the main driver of the substantial improvement in air quality over East Asia was the implementation of emission reduction policies targeting PM and its precursors in the main source regions in China.

Impact of World Cerebral Palsy Day on Public Interest in Brazil: Evidence from Internet Search Data

ABSTRACT Aim This study investigated the impact of the World Cerebral Palsy Day (WCPD) campaign on the public interest using Google Trends Analysis data in Brazil. Methods Google Trends was used to collect Relative Search Volume (RSV) data for “cerebral palsy” from 2004 to 2011 (control years) and 2012 to 2022 (WCPD years). RSV during the 4 weeks around WCPD (period of interest) was compared with the rest of the year (control period) in each timeframe. Regional RSV, search queries, and main topics were also investigated. Results RSV increased by 62.22% from pre-campaign to campaign period. During the WCPD years, a 21.36% RSV increase occurred in campaign weeks, with an average difference of 12.16 (95% CI: 1.74, 22.58); notably in in the last five years in the southeast 9.47 (95% CI: 2.93, 16.01) and south 8.66 (95% CI: 1.66, 15.66) macro-regions. Conclusion The campaign has fulfilled its role, but targeting more vulnerable areas could further amplify its impact.

Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds in Zhengzhou During O3 Campaign Period

An online gas chromatograph （GC5000） was used to monitor the volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in the atmospheric environment of Zhengzhou City during the ozone campaign period from May to September of 2022. The relationship between O3 and its precursors as well as meteorology was analyzed and the pollution characteristics of VOCs during the O3 exceeding and non-exceeding the standard days were compared and explored. Different VOC activity evaluation methods of OFP and L·OH were utilized to compare and analyze the key active components and species and the ratio analysis （RA） and positive matrix factorization （PMF） analysis models were used to study the apportionment contribution of VOCs. The results showed that the O3 pollution in June and September in Zhengzhou was mainly due to the adverse meteorological conditions of high temperature and low humidity, strong radiation, and low wind speed, superimposed by the prominent concentrations of local VOCs and NO2, resulting in frequently high and excessive O3 occurrences. The VOCs concentration in Zhengzhou during the campaign period was an average of （68.3 ± 18.4） μg·m-3, whereas it was 75.7 μg·m-3 during O3 exceeding standard days and 13.4 μg·m-3 during O3 non-exceeding days, respectively. Among the VOC species, the OVOCs was 31.6%, accounting for the highest mass fraction, followed by halogenated hydrocarbon, alkane, and aromatic hydrocarbon, and the major species were ethane, n-butane, dichloromethane, propane, isopentane, toluene, chloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and acetylene. VOC diurnal variation indicated that the emission of VOC pollution sources in the morning, evening peak, and at night should be paid more attention. The contribution of VOCs to OFP during the campaign period was （130.5 ± 46.4） μg·m-3, and the L·OH was （6.5 ± 2.9） s-1, among which the top 15 species with high activity were primarily acetaldehyde, isoprene, ethylene, m/p-xylene, toluene, hexal, isopentane, propanal, propylene, trans-2-butene, etc. In particular, the contributions of acetaldehyde, isoprene, ethylene, and hexal species were prominent during the O3 exceeding days. Ratio analysis showed that the B/T ratio in Zhengzhou from May to September ranged from 0.05 to 5.3, with an average value of 1.1 ± 0.6, and the regional VOCs was mainly controlled by the aging air mass with possible long-distance transports. The analysis of the PMF model showed that the major pollution sources to VOC concentration in Zhengzhou were motor vehicle exhaust emission sources and industrial solvent and secondary conversion sources, contributing 25.6% and 25.8%, respectively. The contribution rates of solvent coating sources, oil and gas volatile sources, plant emission sources, industrial solvents, and secondary conversion sources during O3 exceeding days were 5.4%, 4.7%, 3.3%, and 0.7% higher than those during O3 non-exceeding days, respectively. The research showed that the management of VOCs and NOx pollution sources should be strengthened to reduce their contribution to the O3 generation when O3 exceeds the standard.

Fluctuations and extreme events in the public attention on Italian legislative elections

The share of social media attention to political candidates was shown to be a good predictor of election outcomes in several studies. This attention to individual candidates fluctuates due to incoming daily news and sometimes reflects long-term trends. By analyzing Twitter data in the 2013 and 2022 election campaign we observe that, on short timescales, the dynamics can be effectively characterized by a mean-reverting diffusion process on a logarithmic scale. This implies that the response to news and the exchange of opinions on Twitter lead to attention fluctuations spanning orders of magnitudes. However, these fluctuations remain centered around certain average levels of popularity, which change slowly in contrast to the rapid daily and hourly variations driven by Twitter trends and news. In particular, on our 2013 data we are able to estimate the dominant timescale of fluctuations at around three hours. Finally, by considering the extreme data points in the tail of the attention variation distribution, we could identify critical events in the electoral campaign period and extract useful information from the flow of data.

Inter-Candidate Agenda Setting Effect of the 2018 Mexican Presidential Election: Political Party Candidates Vs. an Inde-pendent Candidate

The 2018 Mexican presidential election marked the initiation of a new political communication dynamic in which traditional electoral communication strategies of political parties were challenged by an independent candidate. This study evaluated this innovative electoral setting by examining Telemundo’s electoral coverage of party-affiliated candidates —Anaya Cortés, Meade Kuribreña, and López Obrador— and the independent candidate —Rodríguez Calderón— through agenda setting theory. The data was collected from Telemundo’s national newscast “Noticias Telemundo” with José Díaz Balart during INE’s official 90-day electoral campaign period. The inter-candidate agenda setting effect regarding the horse race topics was strong among the contenders suggesting that Telemundo’s journalists were disseminating the same information regarding party candidates, but the journalists’ reporting differed when covering the independent candidate. Outcomes indicate that there were two dominant political discussions in Telemundo regarding horse race topics, one emerging from all party candidates and the other one from the independent candidate. The inter-candidate agenda setting effect of issues presented strong correlations among all contenders, suggesting that their policy issues news agendas in Telemundo were nearly identical, which could have made it difficult for voters to distinguish among the candidates’ campaign messages. Overall, Rodríguez Calderón challenged parties’ political communication strategies in terms of horse race topics for his ability to disseminate a distinct campaign message in Telemundo despite having acquired the most negative coverage from journalists. But the independent candidate did not represent an opposition for parties regarding issues because his political rhetoric was not dissimilar from the other contenders.

Visual Dramatization of Political Campaigns on Social Media: Multimodal Analysis of Instagram Accounts of Presidential Candidates in the 2024 General Election

Elections are a key component that serves as a means for the nation and the state to realize the practices of democracy that must be carried out in accordance with the principles of democratic one in Indonesia. Elections have always been important and much discussed by the public when before the campaign, when the campaign and even after the campaign period of each candidate ends. The elections in 2024 in Indonesia have become a political contest that not only campaigns in person but also campaigns through social media such as Instagram. The study aims to analyze the visual dramatization of political campaigns on the Instagram accounts of three Indonesian presidential candidates in 2024, namely Anies Baswedan, Prabowo Subianto, and Ganjar Pranowo. By analyzing the visual content posted by the three candidates. The research method used is the method of multimodal analysis and uses the qualitative approach of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) with an interpretative paradigm. The method aims to understand and describe the functions of different semiotic resources as meaning systems and to analyze the meaning that arises when semyotic choices are combined in a multi-modal phenomenon in space and time. So in this study it can be seen that presidential candidates use social media Instagram to help strengthen their image, political communication, and visual rhetoric. The study is expected to provide in-depth insight into the visual strategies used to build image, convey political messages, and influence public opinion.

Effect of a National Stroke Awareness Campaign on Ambulance call-outs and Paramedic Diagnosis of Suspected Stroke

Abstract Background The Irish Heart Foundation and National Clinical Programme for Stroke ran the Face, Arm, Speech, Time (FAST) public awareness campaign in January and July 2023, to raise awareness of stroke symptoms and the need for rapid response. We aim to evaluate the impact of this campaign. Methods Interrupted time series (January 2021 to December 2023) assessed the impact of the campaign on: calls received by ambulance control triaged as suspected stroke and provisional stroke diagnosis made by paramedics at time of leaving scene. Means were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test. Results Pre-campaign, the mean calls per month triaged as suspected stroke was 1060, which rose to 1130 and 1165 following the January and July bursts of the campaign respectively (p<0.0017). There was a baseline trend for increasing ambulance calls for suspected stroke (β= 0.01, 95% CI 0.008 to 0.0121; p < 0.001) and paramedic provisional stroke diagnoses (β=0.0083, 95% CI 0.006 to 0.0110; p<0.001). The January burst of the campaign was associated with a reduction in ambulance calls (β= -0.014, 95% CI -0.022 to -0.007; p <0.001), whereas the July burst of the campaign showed a slight increase in calls compared to no campaign (β=0.031, 95% CI 0.016 to 0.047; p <0.001). Conversely, there was a trend towards an increase in paramedic-suspected strokes following the January burst of the campaign and a trend towards a decrease after the July component. Conclusion The mean number of callouts and paramedic provisional diagnosis of suspected stroke increased following the 2023 FAST campaign (9.91 percent and 12.18 percent). Overall, the study suggests the campaign led to more suspected stroke calls, but the immediate impact on call volume during the campaign periods themself was complex. These results prompt the need for further analysis.