Age Period Research Articles

Features of the management tactics of a patient with menopausal metabolic syndrome

The aim of the study was to study the features of the management tactics of a patient with menopausal metabolic syndrome. We examined the results of the examination and treatment of patient M, 55 years old, diagnosed with grade 1 obesity (BMI 30 kg/m2). Impaired glucose tolerance. Dyslipidemia. Menopausal syndrome. Arterial hypertension 1 st degree. The patient was recommended moderate physical activity, with calorie restriction up to 1400 kcal, and a hypocholesterolemic diet. A drug was prescribed, which is a combination of estradiol 1.0 mg with drosperinone 2.0 mg, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor 5 mg per day, orlistat with an improved safety profile 120 mg 3 times a day after meals, metformin 1000 mg. The complex treatment was carried out for 6 months with a follow-up examination after 6 months. The patient’s hot flashes stopped, sleep returned to normal, night sweats and headache did not bother her. After 6 months, the weight decreased to the initial body weight. The body mass index after 6 months was 25 kg/m2, which is the norm. The waist circumference after 6 months was 74 cm. Blood pressure stably corresponded to 120/70 mm Hg. Taking antihypertensive drugs was not required. Total cholesterol after 6 months was 4.8 mmol/l. The patient was recommended to continue treatment with subsequent examination annually. Thus, menopausal metabolic syndrome can be considered as one of the variants of the manifestation of menopausal syndrome, which requires an integrated approach to diagnosis and therapy. Individually selected menopausal hormone therapy, being an effective means of relieving the manifestations of menopausal syndrome, also contributes to a positive effect on the components of the metabolic syndrome in this age period. This clinical case demonstrates the need for an individual integrated approach to the management of patients of this age period, with the inclusion of MGT drug, which most effectively has a therapeutic effect due to its pharmacological characteristics.

Generational variations in wellbeing: suicide rates, cohort characteristics, and national socio-political context over seven decades

Abstract Over recent decades, the relative wellbeing of younger birth cohorts declined in many western countries, indicating growing generational inequality. Building on Durkheimian theory, this paper examines explanations for these changes, hypothesizing that differences in cohort wellbeing are related to variations in social integration associated with birth cohorts and national socio-political contexts. Age–period-specific suicide rates of men and women from 1950 to 2020 in 19 highly developed western nations, including 26 birth cohorts, born from 1875 to 2004, are examined using estimable function analysis and age–period–cohort characteristic (APCC) models. Cohort variations in wellbeing are significantly greater in English-speaking nations, which have traditionally provided less institutionalized support and social integration than continental European nations. Age-specific suicide rates are larger for cohorts with childhood demographic characteristics associated with less social integration (relative cohort size and family structure). Major historical events associated with social integration in formative years of late adolescence and young adulthood also influence cohort wellbeing, with higher age-specific rates for cohorts experiencing the Great Depression of the 1930s and health pandemics of the early 20th and 21st centuries and lower rates for those experiencing periods of war and national conflict. However, the magnitude of these associations is strongly influenced by socio-political context. Negative effects of cohort characteristics are muted and positive effects are enhanced in the continental nations. In addition, patterns of associations vary by age and gender. Results remain with strong controls for the pace of change, additional measures of national context, and sensitivity analyses.

Pottery Vessels and Oil Lamps from the Iron Age, Persian, Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine Periods from Ben Gamli’el Street, Yafo (Jaffa) (pp. 403–435)

Pottery Vessels and Oil Lamps from the Iron Age, Persian, Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine Periods from Ben Gamli’el Street, Yafo (Jaffa) (pp. 403–435)

The Settlement History of Nazareth in the Iron Age and Early Roman Period (Pp. 25–92)

The Settlement History of Nazareth in the Iron Age and Early Roman Period (Pp. 25–92)

Emerging trends in cervical cancer incidence among younger Taiwanese generations: an urban–rural comparison

Background Despite global declines in cervical cancer incidence, certain regions observe unexpected rising trends among younger generations. Methods This study uses the age–period–cohort model to examine long-term incidence trends of invasive cervical cancer in Taiwan. Data were sourced from the Taiwan Cancer Registry. Results From 2000 to 2019, both urban and rural areas of Taiwan saw a marked decrease in incidence rates, a trend largely attributed to the cytology-based screening program introduced in 1995. Yet, rising incidence rates emerged in younger Taiwanese generations, specifically those born post-1975 in urban and post-1980 in rural settings. The 1990-born urban cohort faced a risk 1.9 times higher than their 1975-born counterparts, while the risk for the 1990-born rural cohort was 1.4 times greater than those born in 1980. In addition, post-1980 urban cohorts exhibited greater risks than their rural counterparts. Conclusions The rising trends in cervical cancer incidence among younger Taiwanese generations may be influenced by factors such as increased sexual permissiveness and urbanization. Although current prevention efforts, such as human papillomavirus vaccination, are noteworthy, there is a need for ongoing surveillance and improved strategies that specifically target recent cohorts.

The burden and temporal trend of early onset pancreatic cancer based on the GBD 2021

In the context of the global increase in early-onset tumours, investigating the global disease burden caused by early-onset pancreatic cancer (EOPC) is imperative. Data on the burden of EOPC were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. A joinpoint regression model was used to analyse the temporal trend of the EOPC burden, and an age‒period‒cohort (APC) model was used to analyse the influence of age, period, and birth cohort on burden trends. Globally, the number of EOPC cases increased from 24,480 to 42,254, and the number of deaths increased from 17,193 to 26,996 between 1990 and 2021. The results of the APC model showed that the burden of EOPC increases with increasing age, whereas the variations in period and cohort effects exhibited a complex pattern across different sociodemographic index regions. Consequently, the disease burden of EOPC is increasing worldwide, highlighting the need for effective interventions.

Comparative analysis of feeding strategies and post mortem aging time on the oxidative status and color of the longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle in Braford steers

The impact of corn silage supplementation and post mortem aging on the antioxidant status in longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle was assessed using micro-spectroscopic techniques. A total of 30 Braford steers were utilized in the study. Of these, 15 animals were supplemented with corn silage for 120 days, while the remaining animals were fed exclusively on pasture. LTL steak samples were aged for 2, 7, 14, and 21 days at a temperature of 2 ± 1°C, under conditions of darkness and vacuum. Several colorimetric assays were employed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic origin, as well as the levels of protein and lipid oxidation. The content of heme pigment was determined by a spectrophotometric assay, while the fluorescence fingerprint of beef was evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy excitation-emission matrices (FEEM). Additionally, the muscle microstructure was analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrated that the finishing system did not exert any discernible influence on the rates of lipid oxidation, antioxidant capacity, or muscle microstructure. However, the carbonyl content and total myoglobin exhibited higher levels in the corn silage-supplemented animals. Conversely, during aging period, data revealed that lipid degradation proceeded at a faster rate than protein oxidation, accompanied by a notable enhancement in antioxidant capacity within the hydrophilic meat extracts. In contrast, the lipophilic extracts demonstrated a reduction in both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant capabilities with the progression of post mortem aging. The aforementioned alterations were accompanied by a reduction in the muscle microstructure during the aging process. The results demonstrate that finishing steers with or without corn silage over 120 days results in comparable and satisfactory beef quality after 21 days of vacuum aging. It can be concluded that 21 days of storage compensates the antioxidant status obtained by feeding strategies in fresh meat. Furthermore, SEM and FEEM techniques allowed for a precise evaluation of the microstructure and oxidative status, suggesting that these methods could be employed in future assays.

Germline BRCA testing in Denmark following invasive breast cancer: Progress since 2000.

Despite advancements in genetic testing and expanded eligibility criteria, underutilisation of germline testing for pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA) remains evident among breast cancer (BC) patients. This observational cohort study presents real-world data on BRCA testing within the context of clinical practice challenges, including incomplete family history and under-referral. From the Danish Breast Cancer Group (DBCG) clinical database, we included 65,117 females with unilateral stage I-III BC diagnosed in 2000-2017, of whom 9,125 (14%) were BRCA tested. Test results spanned from 1999 to 2021. We evaluated test rates overall and in three diagnosis periods. In logistic regression models, we examined the correlation between a BRCA test and patients' age, residency region, receptor status, and diagnosis period. Test rates rose most significantly among patients aged under 40 years, increasing from 47% (2000-2005) to 88% (2012-2017), albeit with regional discrepancies. Test timing shifted in recent years, with most results within 6 months of BC diagnosis, primarily among the youngest patients. BRCA test rates were higher for oestrogen receptor-negative/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative BC (25% in 2000-2005 vs. 38% in 2012-2017), and these findings were confirmed in multivariate regression models. Our results indicate a critical need for an intensified focus on BRCA testing among BC patients older than 40, where a mainstreamed testing approach might overcome delayed or missed testing. Current DBCG guidelines recommend BRCA testing of all BC patients younger than 50 years, while a general recommendation for older patients is still missing.

Community Formation in the Chulmun (Neolithic) and Mumun (Bronze Age) Periods of Korea

Abstract Despite its importance, exploring prehistoric community formation presents significant epistemological and methodological challenges. In Korean archaeology, these issues have rarely been addressed primarily due to the longstanding dominance of the culture-historical paradigm. However, extensive archaeological investigations and the accumulation of radiocarbon dates in recent decades have led to the gradual emergence of new research trends. This paper introduces and reviews recent studies on community formation during Korea’s Chulmun (Neolithic) and the subsequent Mumun (Bronze Age) periods. While community and the village should not be equated, in order to archaeologically approach community formation, we examine the formation, growth, and dissolution of villages and their relationship with broader spatio-temporal population dynamics by analyzing a large radiocarbon dataset from Korea. We then discuss current conceptual and methodological issues related to the study of prehistoric community formation in Korea. Our discussion reveals the fluidity and flexibility of communities in the hunter-gatherer societies of the Chulmun period and the emergence of large villages and multilevel communities in the Mumun period following the transition to a sedentary agricultural economy and increasing social complexity. Finally, we highlight current research trends and future directions for the study of communities in prehistoric Korea.

Straw and order: the societal implications of straw and rushes in the manufacture of Irish equestrian equipment in late antiquity

ABSTRACT The reasons for the notable absence of equestrian equipment from both the Bronze Age (2000 BC to 800 BC) and early medieval period (AD 450 to AD 1100) in Ireland have not been explored by archaeology. Yet within traditional vernacular crafts and folkways there are indications of alternatives to metal lorinery recorded within the early medieval texts, with the use of plant materials such as straw and rushes. These would be unlikely to survive centuries in soil or be recognized as equipment. However, the deliberate choice of such materials for connective parts of harness, when leathers and metals were available, indicates agency that has not been considered before. It tends to make the production of the conspicuous metalwork of the Late Iron Age an outlier in Irish equestrian material culture, and the resumption of using rushes and straw a key marker for the end of the Irish Iron Age.

The use of a fatty acidphospholipid complex in the cultivation of broiler chickens

Phospholipids make up the structure of cell membranes and organelles, influencing the activation of cellular enzymes. They are involved in the intercellular transport of fats, fatty acids, cholesterol and other substances in blood lipoproteins. These compounds, being natural metabolites, contribute to more efficient use of fat and prevent its excessive accumulation in tissues. Phospholipids have emulsifying properties, of particular interest are lecithins, which are phosphatides. Lecithin-based supplements in poultry feeding improve growth, reduce the risk of perosis, have a beneficial effect on skeletal formation and accumulation of vitamin A in the liver (lecithin has a synergistic effect). They also protect farm poultry from the development of liver obesity syndrome. The aim of the research was to study the effect of the phospholipid-fatty acid complex on the main zootechnical indicators in the cultivation of broiler chickens. Partial replacement of sunflower oil with fatty acids at various age periods by 0.69–1.48 % and phospholipids by 0.84–1.8 % (according to the experimental scheme) contributes to an increase in the safety of broiler chickens by 2.5 %. The inclusion of a phospholipid-fatty acid complex in broiler diets is advisable, which is confirmed by an increase in live weight by 1.95–7.42%; a decrease in conversion by 0.01–0.02 kg/ kg; preservation of safety indicators at the level of 97.5–100 %; an increase in income from the sale of chickens by 4.57–7.42 %; making a profit of 52.60–104.98 % more in comparison with the control; increasing the level of profitability by 1.01–2.19 %.

Deamination mechanism of modified magnesium slag using wet aging and its performance evolution as backfill material.

The purpose of this study is to solve the problem of ammonia (NH3) release when modified magnesium slag (MMS) is used as coal mine backfill cementitious material, and to explore its chemical mechanism and put forward effective solutions. Uniaxial compressive strengths (UCS) hydration kinetics, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis-derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and other testing methods were used to study the evolution of the properties of MMS-based backfill material, which provided a scientific basis for the safe utilization of MMS. First, the chemical mechanism underlying the release of NH3 from MMS was identified, and it was confirmed that Mg3N2 and Li3N are the main nitrogen sources. This conclusion is based on thermochemical theory and the Pidgeon method. Secondly, the wet aging method was proposed to reduce the NH3 release from MMS-based backfill material. In addition, a continuous on-line gas detection system was used to determine the NH3 release pattern of MMS-based cementitious material under various aging water contents. The experiment showed a significant reduction in NH3 release with a lower aging water content of 3% and a reduction ratio as high as 81.55%. As the aging water content increased, the 28-day UCS gradually decreased. However, compared to the dry aging group, it remained above 3MPa when the aging water content was below 6%. The wet aging method can significantly shorten the pre-induction, induction, and acceleration periods of MMS-based cementitious material. The microstructure of the wet aging group exhibited fewer needle-like and rod-like ettringite (AFt) crystals as well as less flocculent hydrated calcium silicate (C-S-H) gel, whereas the unhydrated group had more fly ash (FA) and pores. Considering the UCS and NH3 release performance of MMS-based cementitious material, it is recommended to adopt a 3% aging water content and control the aging period to 7 days to effectively reduce NH3 release while ensuring the material's strength, thereby meeting the application requirements for coal mine backfill cementitious material.

Model of effectiveness of physical education and health-improving aquafitness classes with women of the first period of mature age

The peculiarities of adaptation of individuals of different morphological types to physical education and health classes have been studied fragmentarily – by individual types of motor activity and in individual age groups. Taking into account morpho- functional features when conducting physical education and health classes will ensure the implementation of the principle of individualization of physical activity. The purpose of the study is to develop a model of the effectiveness of of physical education and health-improving aquafitness classes based on data on the adaptation characteristics of women in the first period of mature age of different somatotypes. The study involved women aged 25-35 who had no experience in sports. It has been established that representatives of different morphological types have significant differences in the dynamics of indicators of physical development and functional fitness under the influence of aquafitness classes. Adaptive changes in representatives of endomorphic and endomorphic-mesomorphic somatotypes are more pronounced than in representatives of ectomorphic and balanced somatotypes. The developed efficiency model demonstrates the peculiarities of adaptation of women of the first period of mature age of different morphological types to aquafitness classes. This model is advisable to use when programming aquafitness classes in order to differentiate loads depending on morpho-functional features. This approach will allow taking into account the individual characteristics of women in their first period of mature age when conducting such classes, which will increase their effectiveness.

Global burden of heart failure in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2019: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Heart failure (HF) significantly impacts the cardiovascular health of children and adolescents. This study aims to assess epidemiologic trends in HF across sex, age, region, and time period. The number and age-standardized rate (ASR) of prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) were derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. We applied descriptive estimates, correlation analysis, and joinpoint linear regression to determine the trends in HF burden and its etiologies across different dimensions. Globally, the number of children and adolescent HF patients exceeded 640,000 in 2019. A positive association was found between sociodemographic index (SDI) levels and HF burden, with higher SDI regions showing the greatest impact, especially in the 15-19-year-old group. The prevalence declined from 57.86 per 100,000 in 1990 to 56.17 in 2019, and YLDs decreased from 5.35 to 5.20 per 100,000 over the same period. Temporal burden trends varied among different SDI regions in the first two decades. Overall, children under 10years old suffered a heavier burden and presented a more evident increasing trend compared to those aged 10-19years. Males had a more severe HF burden than females across most regions, age groups, and underlying diseases. When exploring HF-related causes, congenital birth defects, cardiomyopathy and myocarditis were the most common etiologies of cardiac dysfunction. Prompt and effective implementation of preventive and management policies worldwide among children and adolescents aged 0-19years is a top priority to help curb the increasing burden of HF.

Preterm birth and risk of bone fractures during childhood and early adulthood.

People born preterm have reduced bone mineral density, subnormal peak bone mass, and an increased risk of osteoporosis. Whether this translates to increased risk of bone fractures is uncertain. We assessed fracture risk from childhood to early adulthood in relation to gestational age and sex by conducting a nationwide register-linkage cohort study comprising all 223 615 liveborn (1/1987- 9/1990) singletons (9161, 4.1%, preterm) in Finland. Cox regression models provided hazard ratios (HR) for fracture diagnosis in public specialty healthcare in both first and recurrent event settings during the whole follow-up (0-29yr), and during different age periods (0-4/5-9/10-29yr). Gestational age was considered categorical (full-term, 39-41weeks, reference). A total of 39 223 (17.5%) children or young adults had at least one fracture. In analyses not stratified by sex, only extremely preterm birth (<28 completed weeks' gestation) was associated with risk of bone fracture at 0-29yr; adjusted HR (aHR) 0.46 (95% CI 0.28-0.74) compared with those born full-term. Among females, gestational age was unrelated to fracture risk at 0-29yr. Among males, extremely and very preterm (28-31weeks) birth was associated with lower risk of fracture at 0-29yr compared with those born full-term: aHR 0.38 (CI 0.21-0.71) and 0.75 (CI 0.59-0.95) respectively. Restricting the analyses to the individuals without severe medical condition(s) attenuated the associations. However, the fracture risk varied according age and sex: at 10-29yr moderately preterm (32-33wk) females, and extremely- and very preterm males had a lower risk: aHR 0.63 (0.43-0.94), 0.35 (0.17-0.69), and 0.74 (0.57-0.95) respectively, while late preterm birth (34-36wk) was associated to 1.6-fold higher risk among females at 0-5yr, and 1.4-fold risk among males at 5-10yr. Analyses on recurrent fractures showed similar pattern. Children and young adults, in particular males, born extremely or very preterm may have less bone fractures, this is partly explained by severe medical conditions in this group.

Excavations at Rogem Gannim, Jerusalem: Installations of the Iron Age, Persian, Roman and Islamic Periods (pp. 79–106)

Excavations at Rogem Gannim, Jerusalem: Installations of the Iron Age, Persian, Roman and Islamic Periods (pp. 79–106)

A Farmhouse from the Late Iron Age and Second Temple Period in ‘French Hill’, North Jerusalem (Hebrew, pp. 1*–14*; English summary, pp. 153–154)

A Farmhouse from the Late Iron Age and Second Temple Period in ‘French Hill’, North Jerusalem (Hebrew, pp. 1*–14*; English summary, pp. 153–154)

Modelling age at death reveals Nordic Corded Ware paleodemography

Drawing on modelling of age at death in skeletal remains, this article unveils hitherto unrecognized demographic patterns in the Nordic Corded Ware complex. This population formed part of the European Corded Ware complex that has been linked to disruption observed in the archaeological and genetic record. The newly developed methods of transition analysis 3 (TA3) and death rate ratio (DRR) were used to process skeletal data from 67 individuals deriving from single, double, and multiple graves in Scandinavia. The results disclose a high proportion of immature individuals aged less than twenty years. Attrition, however, complies with a demography with high age-nonspecific mortality, and this may connect to stressors such as epidemic diseases and endemic warfare. Compared to the partly contemporaneous Pitted Ware complex and the succeeding Late Neolithic–earliest Bronze Age period, the Nordic Corded Ware burials overall point to robust population growth, especially in the later period. This in turn aligns with a sedentary lifestyle rather than a mobile pastoral economy. Short-distance seasonal movements could fit in but cannot yet be measured. Recent genetics have demonstrated biological input in the female line from populations such as Funnel Beaker, Pitted Ware, and herders of the steppe forest zone: the remarkable tallness of Nordic Corded Ware individuals may well be an effect of such admixture. The burials moreover evidence a distinct adult male sex bias, which diminishes over time along with the growth in the number of buried females and young individuals. Judging from investment in graves and grave goods, immatures were highly valued. The scale of social status operates independently of age. Alongside the revealed Nordic Corded Ware demography and the burial and material record more broadly, this could indicate social inequality based on kinship and warrior values.

Resistance Training and the Risk of Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Case-Control Study.

Convincing evidence supports that moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity decreases the risk of breast cancer. However, less is known about the role specific domains of physical activity play in breast cancer prevention, such as resistance training (RT). This case-control study investigated the association between RT and breast cancer risk. The Breast Cancer Environment and Employment Study was a population-based case-control study conducted in women aged 18-80years in Western Australia from 2009 to 2011. Information about demographic, lifestyle, and clinical risk factors of breast cancer was collected via self-administered questionnaire. Participants retrospectively recalled their recreational physical activities for 3 different age periods: 15-24, 25-39, and 40+ years. Data were available from 1149 cases and 1710 controls. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between RT and breast cancer risk, after adjusting for a range of confounders. The prevalence of RT ranged from 2% to 11% across the different age periods. Compared with doing none, engaging in RT versus during the age period of 15-24years was associated with a 52% lower risk of breast cancer (adjusted odds ratio: 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.25-0.91). However, no associations were observed for the latter 2 age periods or lifetime RT. These findings provide preliminary evidence that RT in early adulthood may be associated with a lower risk of breast cancer; however, there was no association between RT and breast cancer risk in the older age periods. Further research is required.

Enhance Oil Recovery in Fracture-Cave Carbonate Reservoirs Using Zwitterion-Anionic Composite Surfactant System

The carbonate fracture-cave reservoir in the Tahe oilfield, China, encounters development challenges because of its substantial burial depth (exceeding 5000 m). Its characteristics are low permeability, pronounced heterogeneity, extensive karst cavern systems, diverse connection configurations, and intricate spatial distribution. Prolonged conventional water flooding leads to predominant water channels, resulting in water channeling and limited sweep efficiency. Surfactant flooding is usually adopted in these conditions because it can mitigate water channeling and enhance sweep efficiency by lowering the interfacial tension (it refers to the force that is generated due to the unbalanced molecular attraction on the liquid surface layer and causes the liquid surface to contract) between oil and water. Nonetheless, the Tahe oilfield is a carbonate reservoir where surfactant is prone to loss near the well, thereby limiting its application. High-pressure injection flooding technology is an innovative method that utilizes injection pressure higher than the formation rupture pressure to alter reservoir permeability, specifically in low-permeability oil fields. Because of the high fluid flow rate, the contact time with the interface is decreased, enabling the ability for surfactants to reach the deep reservoir. In this article, based on the mixed adsorption mechanism of two surfactants and the hydrophilic and lipophilic equilibrium mechanisms, a set of high-temperature and high-salinity resistance surfactant systems appropriate for the Tahe oilfield is developed and its associated performance is evaluated. An oil displacement experiment is carried out to examine the effect of surfactant flooding by high-pressure injection. The results demonstrate that the ideal surfactant system can lower the interfacial tension to 10−2 mN/m and its capacity to reduce the interfacial tension to 10−2 mN/m after different aging periods. Besides, the surfactant system possesses excellent wettability (wetting angle changed from 135° to 42°) and certain emulsifying abilities. The oil displacement experiment shows that the oil recovery rate of surfactant flooding by high pressure reaches 26%. The effect of surfactant flooding by high-pressure injection is better than that of high-pressure injection flooding.