Strongyloides elephantis sp. n. parasitic females were recovered from the small intestine of a captive Indian elephant suffering from multiple parasitism. Principal features of S. elephantis are its size (2.6 to 3.6 mm), the presence of nontwisted ovaries, salient vaginal musculature and vulvar lips, and the posterior position (73% of body length from anterior end) of the vulva. Intrauterine eggs measured 23 by 49 ,u. The form passed in the feces and free-living forms were not observed. In June 1966 a yearling female Indian elephant died after a brief period of captivity. The elephant originated in Thailand and had been shipped to a zoo in central Iowa. Shortly after the elephant's arrival, clinical examination revealed that she was anemic, depressed, and in poor general condition. Supportive therapy was unsuccessful. At necropsy, focal suppurative bronchopneumonia, enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, emaciation, and extreme parasitism were found. Hookworms, Bathmostomum sangeri (Cobbold, 1879), were present in extremely large numbers in the small intestine. Other intestinal nematodes present were Murshidia neveulemairei (Witenberg, 1925), Quilonia rennei (Railliet, Henry, and Joyeux, 1913), Quilonia spp., and Parabronema sp. Many intestinal flukes (unidentified) and moderate numbers of the louse Haematomyzus elephantis Piaget, 1869 also were present. A heretofore undescribed species of Strongyloides also was collected from this elephant. A description of this nematode is given below. MATERIALS AND METHODS Intestinal contents containing large numbers of intestinal nematodes, primarily B. sangeri, were fixed in 10% formalin. Fifteen parasitic female Strongyloides were recovered accidentally from the fixed, mucus-laden contents while examining the other nematodes. Because the carcass had been discarded, further materials were unavailable. Subsequent fecal examinations from a second Indian elephant originating from the same general area were negative for Strongyloides. The parasitic females were examined microscopically. En face views were made according to the method of Chitwood and Wehr (1934). Measurements are in microns unless otherwise indicated. Range is followed by average in parentheses. Received for publication 24 December 1968. Strongyloides elephantis sp. n.