Periodic Distribution Research Articles

Tensile mechanical behavior and failure mechanism of 2.5D woven fabric reinforced aluminum matrix composites involving residual stress

The tensile behavior of two and a half-dimensional (2.5D) woven fabric reinforced Al matrix composites involving residual stress was investigated experimentally and numerically. The residual stress and subsequent tensile behavior of the composites were predicted by multiscale finite element modeling. And the correctness of numerical simulation is verified by residual stress, tensile curve, surface strain diagram and fracture morphology. The results show that the inhomogeneous residual stress leads to the damage of the matrix and interface in the interweaving area of yarns. During the tensile process, the surface strain exhibits an obvious periodic distribution characteristic, which is related to the arrangement of yarns. With the increase of tensile strain, local matrix and interface damage accumulate and expand leading to the weft yarn cracking, matrix failure and interface debonding successively. The abrupt fracture of the composite can be attributed to the axial fracture of warp yarn, which exhibits obvious fiber fracture and pull-out characteristic.

The cataclysmic variable orbital period gap: More evident than ever

Recently, large and homogeneous samples of cataclysmic variables identified by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) were published. In these samples, the famous orbital period gap, which is a dearth of systems in the orbital period range $ and the defining feature of most evolutionary models for has been claimed not to be clearly present. If true, this finding would completely change our picture of evolution. In this Letter we focus on potential differences with respect to the orbital period gap between in which the magnetic field of the white dwarf is strong enough to connect with that of the donor star, so-called polars, and non-polar as the white dwarf magnetic field in polars has been predicted to reduce the strength of angular momentum loss through magnetic braking. We separated the SDSS I-IV sample of into polars and non-polar systems and performed statistical tests to evaluate whether the period distributions are bimodal as predicted by the standard model for evolution or not. We also compared the SDSS\,I-IV period distribution of non-polars to that of other samples of cvs. We confirm the existence of a period gap in the SDSS\,I-IV sample of non-polar with $>98$ per cent confidence. The boundaries of the orbital period gap are $147$ and $191$ minutes, with the lower boundary being different to previously published values ($129$\,min). The orbital period distribution of polars from SDSS I-IV is clearly different and does not show a similar period gap. The SDSS samples as well as previous samples of are consistent with the standard theory of evolution. Magnetic braking does indeed seem get disrupted around the fully convective boundary, which causes a detached phase during evolution. In polars, the white dwarf magnetic field reduces the strength of magnetic braking and consequently the orbital period distribution of polars does not display an equally profound and extended period gap as non-polars. It remains unclear why the breaking rates derived from the rotation of single stars in open clusters favour prescriptions that are unable to explain the orbital period distribution of cvs.

Constraining stellar and orbital co-evolution through ensemble seismology of solar-like oscillators in binary systems

Context. Binary systems constitute a valuable astrophysics tool for testing our understanding of stellar structure and evolution. Systems containing at least one oscillating component are interesting in this regard because asteroseismology offers independent parameters for the oscillating component that aid in the analysis. Systems of particular interest include those with known inclinations. With ∼0.8 million binary candidates, the two-body orbit catalog (TBO) of Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) substantially increases the number of known binaries and the quality of the astrometric data available for them. Aims. To enlarge the sample of these astrophysically valuable benchmark objects, we searched for new binary system candidates identified in the Gaia DR3 TBO, for which one component has a detection of solar-like oscillations reported in the literature. Methods. We cross-matched the TBO, the full non-single star (NSS) and eclipsing binary catalogs from Gaia DR3 with catalogs of confirmed solar-like oscillators in the main-sequence and red-giant phase from the NASA Kepler mission and stars in the Southern Continuous Viewing Zone of NASA TESS. The wealth of seismic information is used to characterize the oscillating primary. To test the completeness and robustness of the values reported in the TBO catalog, we performed a similar analysis on stars of the Ninth Catalog of Spectroscopic Binary Orbits (SB9). Results. The analysis of the SB9 reveals an overall completeness factor for the Gaia TBO catalog of up to ∼30% providing reliable orbital parameters for ≥90% of the systems below Porb, SB9 ≲ 250 d. We obtained new 954 unique binary system candidates from Gaia DR3, which host solar-like oscillators, of which we found 45 stars in binary candidates to be on the main sequence and 909 in the red giant phase. Additionally, we report 918 oscillators in potentially long-periodic systems. We present the seismic properties of the full sample and test whether the reported orbital periods are physically possible. For 146 giants, the evolutionary state has been determined from their mixed-mode period spacing, showing a clear trend to long periodic and less eccentric systems in the advanced phases of stellar evolution. Two new eclipsing binary systems, hosting a red-giant primary were found. For another 146 systems hosting oscillating stars, the values for the orbital inclination were found in the TBO. Of 181 TBO candidate systems observed multiple times with APOGEE, 149 (82%) are confirmed as binaries from radial-velocity (RV) measurement. Conclusions. We conclude that the grand majority of the orbital elements reported in the TBO catalog are physically reasonable and realistic. This finding increases the number included in the sample of known solar-like oscillators in binary systems by an order of magnitude. The large fraction of confirmed binaries from APOGEE RV measurements indicates that the TBO catalog is robust. We suggest that due to instrumental noise, the seismically inferred masses and radii of stars observed with the TESS satellite and with an excess of oscillation power of νmax ≲ 30 μHz could be significantly overestimated. The differences in the distributions of the orbital period and eccentricity are due to the accumulative effect of the equilibrium tide acting in these evolved binary systems.

A 14-year review (2007-2020) of helminthiasis epidemiology in a hospital in Southern Madrid, Spain.

Vast majority of helminth diseases remain neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), causing significant morbidity. The widespread and periodic distribution of antiparasitic drugs, remains the cornerstone for controlling these diseases. In Spain, most helminthiasis cases are imported, and suspicion and diagnosis have become increasingly important. Our primary objective is to present the epidemiological landscape of helminthiasis diagnoses within our facility, while also detailing the demographic characteristics of the affected population. A retrospective study was conducted at the Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa (HUSO) from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2020, encompassing all diagnosed cases of helminthiasis during this period. Comprehensive epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological data were gathered for all diagnosed patients. The study population comprised patients receiving treatment at the HUSO, as well as those receiving treatment at the Leganés and Fuenlabrada Primary Care Units. Subsequently, descriptive and comparative statistics were performed, comparing Spanish and foreign patients. During this period, a total of 952 patients were diagnosed with some form of helminthiasis. Among them, 495 were Spanish, and 457 were foreign. The total number of helminths identified, including patients with multiple infections, was 1,010. Significant differences were observed between Africans and Americans in terms of age distribution, with a higher prevalence among Africans in the 0-15 age range and among Americans in the 31-60 age range. Variations were noted in the distribution of helminths, with S. stercoralis significantly affecting Americans. For Spanish patients, the presence of Trichuris trichiura and S. stercoralis was significantly associated with eosinophilia, whereas among foreign patients, it was associated with Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides among others. Regarding symptoms, skin manifestations were more frequent among Spanish, while digestive were more common among foreigners. This study offers crucial epidemiological insights into helminth infections observed over time in a Madrid hospital. Although the prevalence of helminth infections has been decreasing, there is still a need for screening and diagnosing foreign patients.

Asgari Ücret, Enflasyon ve Gelir Dağılımı İlişkisi: 40 Ülke Örneği

Today, it is generally accepted that there is a deterioration in income distribution. For this reason, many academic studies are carried out to better understand the factors affecting income distribution. On the other hand, an increase in inflation rates is observed as a result of the increased money supply, especially after the 2008 global economic crisis. This upward trend has brought the issue of inflation to the economic agenda of countries. However, there is no consensus on how the inflation environment affects income distribution. In the study, panel data analysis was conducted with data from 40 countries covering the period 2008-2020 in order to explain the relationship between inflation and income distribution. As a result of the cointegration test, no cointegration relationship was found between inflation and income distribution in the relevant period. However, countries' efforts to improve income distribution are also important. As an indicator of this effort, the countries were divided into two groups according to the increase rate of the minimum wage and the cointegration test was repeated. However, as a result of these tests, no cointegration relationship was found. The results obtained suggest that the relationship between inflation and income distribution has a structure that varies depending on other economic policies implemented in the country and the type of inflation, but the use of non-linear methods in subsequent studies may lead to different results.

Drought analysis based on SPI and RDI drought indices in the Burdur Basin

Drought is the most complex of the recurrent extreme weather events and is defined as a natural disaster with severe environmental, economic, and agricultural impacts resulting from a significant decrease in the average rainfall recorded in an area and the average rainfall recorded in the same place. Droughts have become more frequent and severe in many parts of the world, including Türkiye, due to global warming and climate change (increasing temperatures and changing precipitation patterns). Water resources and the agricultural sector are most severely affected by droughts. In this study, drought analyses of the Burdur Basin, located in the Aegean region, one of Türkiye's seven geographical regions, were carried out. For drought analysis, annual average total precipitation, annual maximum temperature, annual minimum temperature, and annual average temperature data of 17238 Burdur and 17892 Tefenni meteorological observation stations were used. Both meteorological and agricultural drought analyzes are included in the analysis of droughts. Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) and Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) methods were used to determine meteorological and agricultural drought, respectively. SPI and RDI values were obtained for 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-month time periods, and the severity, size, and distribution of dry and humid periods were determined for both stations separately. When the results of both methods were examined, severe droughts were observed in the study area in 1973, 1978, 1981, and 2017.

Creation of periodic structures in a thick photopolymerizing layer

AbstractThe possibility of optical creation of polymer structures with a periodic distribution of the refractive index in a layer of a photopolymerizing composition, the thickness of which significantly exceeds the depth of field of the used projection system, is considered. Nonlinear wave processes in such an irreversible photorefractive medium for grating‐forming radiation are considered. Using computer simulation, modes of stable self‐channeling of closely propagating light beams have been found, as a result of which regular extended waveguide tracks can be obtained. The results of experiments on the creation of thick polymer gratings using a conventional incoherent projection system are demonstrated. In a composition based on industrial monomer OCM‐2, gratings with a period of 10 μm and a thickness of more than 1 mm were obtained.

Joint Probability Distribution of Significant Wave Height and Peak Wave Period Using Gaussian Copula Method

Joint Probability Distribution of Significant Wave Height and Peak Wave Period Using Gaussian Copula Method

New multilayer film photonic crystal grating multilayer anti-reflection layer for visible-near-infrared solar cells

In this paper, a new anti-reflection layer(ARL) is designed by the finite element method, which is made of parabolic air slots with periodic distribution etched on a multilayer film structure with optimized thickness. The effective transmissivity in the 400–1450 nm band is formulated in conjunction with the AM1.5 solar spectrum, and the effects of the air slot depth (H), depth-to-width ratio, and the size of a period (T) on the transmissivity of the ARL are investigated separately. By optimizing the structural parameters, a new type of ARL with H = 310 nm and T = 105 nm acting in the 400–1450 nm waveband was obtained. The transmissivity of this stacked structure ARL is improved and the stability of the transmission effect in the full waveband is enhanced compared to the conventional membrane structure and the emerging micro-nano-optical structure. The effective transmissivity of this multilayer film photonic crystal grating ARL is calculated to be 98.43% in the operating full waveband (400–1450nm) of the Si-0.86 eV PbS double-junction solar cell. The transmissivity is higher than 93.83% of multilayer film ARL and 97.13% of TiO2 grating ARL.

A Study of Functions on the Torus and Multi-periodic Functions

In this paper, we are concerned with functions defined on the cube Qm = [−π, π] m and functions defined on the torus T m. Especially, the harmonic analysis of Sobolev-type spaces is carefully studied. We analyze in particular periodic distributions and distributions on the torus. We introduce a space similar to H1 0 , for which we prove a Poincaré-Wirtinger inequality. We prove that the usual Rellich-Kondrachov result does not hold for these last space because of the lack of compactness. A result of absolute continuity and density of regular functions is then established and a theorem of traces is obtained.

Incubation period of Clostridioides difficile infection in hospitalized patients and long-term care facility residents: a prospective cohort study.

The incubation period for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is generally considered to be less than 1 week, but some recent studies suggest that prolonged carriage prior to disease onset may be common. To estimate the incubation period for patients developing CDI after initial negative cultures. In 3 tertiary care medical centers, we conducted a cohort study to identify hospitalized patients and long-term care facility residents with negative initial cultures for C. difficile followed by a diagnosis of CDI with or without prior detection of carriage. Cases were classified as healthcare facility-onset, community-onset, healthcare facility-associated, or community-associated and were further classified as probable, possible, or unlikely CDI. A parametric accelerated failure time model was used to estimate the distribution of the incubation period. Of 4,179 patients with negative enrollment cultures and no prior CDI diagnosis within 56 days, 107 (2.6%) were diagnosed as having CDI, including 19 (17.8%) with and 88 (82.2%) without prior detection of carriage. When the data were censored to only include participants with negative cultures collected within 14 days, the estimated median incubation period was 6 days with 25% and 75% of estimated incubation periods occurring within 3 and 12 days, respectively. The observed estimated incubation period did not differ significantly for patients classified as probable, possible, or unlikely CDI. Our findings are consistent with the previous studies that suggested the incubation period for CDI is typically less than 1 week and is less than 2 weeks in most cases.

Extraordinary transmission of intense short laser pulse through thin foil with near- and sub-wavelength slits

To supplement our earlier study [Lu et al., AIP Adv. 10, 015209 (2020)] on the propagation of intense short laser pulse through foils with multiple sub-wavelength sized slits, here, we consider the effects of the interaction parameters on the occurrence of extremums in the light transmission. Our results suggest that for periodic slit distribution, maximum and minimum transmissions occur for L ± d = κλ and L = κλ, respectively, where L and d are the period and width of the slits, respectively, λ is the laser wavelength, and κ is a positive integer or a rational number.

Illumination homogenization of highly coherent light source based on phase modulation

When using a fly’s eye lens system to homogenize highly coherent light sources, the interference effect between the sub-beams can cause a periodic speckle distribution of illumination intensity, thereby disrupting illumination uniformity. It has been shown that using a rotating optical phase-shift plate behind the fly’s eye lens can eliminate interference patterns, but it only demonstrates engineering realizations. And the theoretical analysis and technical guidance on the phase modulation method and statistical averaging method for fly’s eye lens homogenization systems are still lacking. In this work, a simulation model of fly’s eye random phase modulation homogenization system is developed and studied in detail. Each sub-beam of the fly’s eye lens is randomly phase-modulated to break the coherence condition, and the illumination intensity of multiple independent modulations is accumulated to eliminate the interference pattern. The more times the intensity is accumulated, the better the homogenization is. Meanwhile, studied in this paper are the influence of the diffraction effect on homogenization, and the influence of the sub-lens size and focal length on the homogenization, which result in the diffracting-type system and the imaging-type system respectively. For an imaging type system, it is necessary to ensure that the first fly’s eye lens is in the front focal plane of the second fly’s eye lens. By optimizing the parameters of the fly’s eye lens and using an imaging-type system with <i>p</i> = 1.8 mm and <i>f</i><sub>A</sub> = 9 mm, a Gaussian beam with the non-uniformity of 117% is homogenized into a flat-topped beam with the non-uniformity of 1.2% in a square illumination area of 100 mm<sup>2</sup>. This fly’s eye lens random phase modulation homogenization system has a simple structure, low energy loss, and good illumination uniformity, and can be used in systems that require high coherent laser input and high resolution. This technology can be used in the field of deep-ultraviolet mask defect detection.

Identifying Quiescent Compact Objects in Massive Galactic Single-lined Spectroscopic Binaries

It is now clearly established that massive stars are predominantly found in multiple systems. While their period and eccentricity distributions are now well established across different metallicity regimes, the mass-ratio distribution has been mostly limited to double-lined spectroscopic binaries. The mass-ratio distribution therefore remains subject to significant uncertainties and open questions encompass the shape and extend of the companion mass-function towards its low-mass end and the nature of undetected companions in single-lined spectroscopic binaries, i.e. low-mass main-sequence stars, binary interaction products, compact objects, etc. We have conducted a large and systematic analysis of a sample of more than 80 single-line O-type spectroscopic binaries in the Milky Way and in the Large Magellanic Cloud using a sophisticated multi-technique, and multi-wavelength approach. We report on the developed methodology, the constraints obtained on the nature of SB1 companions, the distribution of O star mass-ratios at LMC metallicity and the occurrence of quiescent OB+black hole binaries.

The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database: Intraoperative Echocardiography Reporting

To identify trends in the reporting of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) data in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) Adult Cardiac Surgery Database (ACSD) and the Adult Cardiac Anesthesiology (ACA) module by period, practice type, and geographic distribution, and to elucidate ongoing areas for practice improvement. A retrospective study. STS ACSD. Procedures reported in the STS ACSD between July 2017 and December 2021 in participating programs in the United States. None MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Intraoperative TEE is reported for 73% of all procedures in ACSD. Although the intraoperative TEE data reporting rate increased from 2017 to 2021 for isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery, it remained low at 62.2%. The reporting of relevant echocardiographic variables across a wide range of procedures has steadily increased over the study period but also remained low. The reporting in the ACA module is high for most variables and across all anesthesia care models; however, the overall contribution of the ACA module to the ACSD remains low. This progress report suggests a continued need to raise awareness regarding current practices of reporting intraoperative TEE in the ACSD and the ACA, and highlights opportunities for improving reporting and data abstraction.

Relationship Between Human Capital and Income Distribution of a Developing Economy: Empirical Evidence From Ethiopia

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the long-run effect of human capital accumulation on the income distribution of a developing economy such as Ethiopia. Study design: The study is based on time series data covering the period from 1980/1981 to 2019/2020. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds co-integration test and error correction model approach is employed as a method of econometric estimation. Findings: The bounds test revealed a significant and stable long-run equilibrium relationships exist between income inequality (Gini coefficient) and its dynamic regressors of human capital accumulation indicators as well as other explanatory variables. Results of the estimated long-run selected model indicated that secondary and tertiary education attainments as well as total fertility rate have a significant un-equalizing income distribution effect on the country’s economy at the conventional level of significance in the long run. On the contrary, primary education attainment of the labor force has a positive and statistically significant impact on the country’s distribution of income at the standard level of significance. On the contrary, the employment-to-population size ratio has a positive effect, but financial development and institutional and governance quality have an adverse effect on the income distribution of the country in the long run. With respect to the short-run error correction model result, a temporary disequilibrium level of income distribution in the previous period is corrected by approximately 0.9284 in the current period to bring back to a stable long-run equilibrium. Based on these findings, it is important to strengthen and improve the country’s education and health service system for those individuals who are marginalized and deprived from these levels of social services. Originality/value: A few empirical studies on the dynamics between human capital and income distribution have been conducted at cross-country using average years of schooling as a proxy measure of human capital. The novelty of this study is that it examines the relationship between human capital and income distribution at a single country level using the ARDL bounds co-integration and error correction model approach. Furthermore, human capital accumulation is proxied by both education capital (disaggregated by primary, secondary, and tertiary educational attainments) and health capital (life expectancy at birth and total fertility rate) in addition to other relevant explanatory variables for better estimation and policy implications. JEL classification B23, C22, I14, I24, O15

О ВОПРОСАХ СОЗДАНИЯ ЕДИНОГО КАТАЛОГА АЛТАЙСКИХ СКАЗИТЕЛЕЙ (С XIX ПО XX ВВ.)

The article deals with the need to systematize all available materials about epictellers with their repertoire. The first mentions of the names of Altai epictellers are found in the works of researchers of Altai folklore and ethnography in the 19th century and rare information about their repertoire or fixation of a particular text of the legend from them. More complete information is found in scholarly publications of the mid-20th century concerning the biographies of now famous epictellers with an indication of their teachers. Several ethical rules contributed to the preservation of the names of epictelling teachers by their students: the faith of the epictellers themselves in the magical gift of epictelling and the veneration of the names of their mentors as sacred guides to the world of legends. So, in this article we define approaches to collecting information to create a unified catalog of Altai epictellers. Upon completion of the compilation by ethnic regions, prerequisites may be created for the formation of and additions to the Catalogue of epictellers of Russian and Eurasian epictellers. The relevance of such a study is dictated by the fact that when presenting information about the work of Altai epictellers about their teachers in publications of the mid-19th–mid-20th centuries, information is limited. This does not make it possible to reveal their repertoire in detail, but at the same time, separate indications of the names of texts, places of recording contribute to clarifying the places of distribution in different periods of a particular text of legends. Such a summary work contributes not only to the comprehensive identification of the Altai epictelling repertoire as a whole, taking into account the early periods of fixing epic texts, but also to clarifying the epic context of the work of famous Altai rhapsodies against the background of the revealed names of lesser-known epictellers. The goals and objectives of the study are the need to restore the names and, if possible, their repertoire of Altai epictellers of the 19th and early 20th in order to compile a Unified Catalog of epictellers in the future, based on information, taking into account archival and field materials recorded from their disciples – epictellers. The article reflects a summary search work to restore the names of epictellers based on published materials of researchers of the 19th and 20th centuries, who did not pursue a specific task of systematizing the names and repertoire of epictellers, but fixed one or another epicteller. However, it is the systematic cataloging that will contribute not only to the full identification of the list of names of Altai epictellers with an indication of their repertoire, but also to the clarification of the epic context of the work of famous Altai rhapsodies against the background of the revealed names of lesser-known epictellers. The main conclusions, the results of the study are that an attempt was made to restore the names and repertoire of epictellers from the 19th to the 20th century, available from publications and archival materials, and the stability of the plot composition of Altai legends is also being clarified.

Comparison of the output spectrum for four models of devices with crossed fields

This paper considers four models of crossed-field devices: cylindrical magnetron, cylindrical magnetron diode, planar magnetron diode and planar magnetron. As is known, in crossed-field devices electrons move by cycloid-like trajectories and induced current arises. The spectral components of the induced current for every of the models are calculated. It has been found that the components of the induced current spectrum contain from one (planar magnetron diode) to eight (cylindrical magnetron diode) components. The calculated spectral components have been compared to the spectral components of the generation spectrum of the real device.
 Only one component whose frequency coincides with the cyclotron frequency was found in the induced current spectrum of the planar magnetron diode.
 The induced current spectrum in a planar magnetron has three components. These frequencies have a large difference with the frequency of magnetron generation for a microwave oven. Therefore, the models of the planar magnetron diode and the planar magnetron are not very suitable for simulating the operation of crossed-field devices.
 The induced current spectrum in a cylindrical magnetron diode contains eight components. The third harmonic is closest to the fundamental frequency of the microwave magnetron. In this case, the difference between the frequencies being compared is near 10 %. Therefore, the model of a cylindrical magnetron diode is not very suitable for modeling the operation of crossed-fields devices.
 Two components were found in the induced current spectrum of a cylindrical magnetron. The first harmonic is the closest to the fundamental frequency of the microwave magnetron. In this case, the difference between the frequencies being compared does not exceed 3 %. Such a small discrepancy between the calculated and real frequencies can be explained by the presence of a spatially periodic distribution of the electrostatic field. Thus, the cylindrical magnetron model is well suited for simulating the operation of crossed-fields devices.

Kinematics and trajectory analysis of swinging fixed abrasive plane lapping: Effect of swinging mode on the lapping uniformity

The relative motion between the workpiece and the fixed abrasive pad (FAP) determines the abrasive trajectories and the distribution of abrasives' sliding distance (ASD), and further affects the surface accuracy of the lapping process. To improve the surface accuracy of the swinging fixed abrasive plane lapping (SFAPL), the influence of the workpiece's swinging modes on the lapping uniformity was studied in this paper. The kinematics model of SFAPL was established by the coordinate transformation method based on the kinematical principle of the crank-rocker mechanism. The numerical simulation method was adopted to investigate the abrasive trajectories and the ASD on the workpiece surface in different swinging modes. Furthermore, the regional meshing and statistical methods were applied to visualize the simulation results, and the non-uniformity coefficient (NUC) and root mean square (rms) were employed to quantitatively evaluate the lapping uniformity. Finally, the verification experiments were carried out. Results indicated that the additional swinging could avoid the periodic distribution of material removal on the workpiece surface. The swinging mode significantly affected the lapping efficiency and lapping uniformity. Compared with the traditional lapping method, the lapping uniformity was optimal when the workpiece swung out of the FAP from the bottom and inner sides, and the lapping uniformity could be improved by 44.3 %; The lapping efficiency was the highest when the workpiece swung out of the FAP from the bottom side, and the material removal rate could be increased by 45.23 %. The appropriate swinging mode should be selected based on different processing requirements in SFAPL.

Highly controllable additive manufacturing of heterostructured nickel-based composites

Owing to hetero-deformation induced (HDI) strengthening and HDI work hardening, heterostructured materials with both “hard” and “soft” features have been proven to achieve strength–ductility synergy. Laser-directed energy deposition (LDED) has shown tremendous potential in the fabrication of heterostructured materials, but faces challenges in accurately placing the required structures or materials at specific times and locations. This study developed a novel Ti2AlC (MAX phase)-modified Inconel 718 composite material (MAX/Inconel 718) with multiscale precipitation (γ’, carbides, Laves phase) characteristics during solidification, highly sensitive to changes in cooling rates, and exhibiting excellent controllability of strength. A method called multibeam diameter laser-directed energy deposition (MBD-LDED), which allows the dynamic adjustment of the beam diameter during the building process to alter the cooling rate during solidification, is proposed. This enabled the placement of MAX/Inconel 718 with different strengths at suitable positions within the part. Different combinations of beam diameters can form periodic distributions and spatial interlocking structures with alternating “soft” and “hard” features perpendicular and parallel to the building direction. Compared to commercial Inconel 718, MAX/Inconel 718 demonstrated excellent manufacturability, strength, and high-temperature oxidation resistance. This study provides new insights into the design and performance optimisation of heterostructures using homogeneous materials and offers guidance for the integrated manufacturing of heterostructured components in the context of comprehensive material–structure–performance design.