Introduction: Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis is an uncommon inflammatory disease of gall bladder with reported prevalence of 0.7% in US and 10% in India and Japan. Its final diagnosis can be made only after malignancy is ruled out on histopathological examination of resected gall bladder. Case presentation: 60 years female presented with complaints of pain in right upper abdomen, loss of appetite for 3 months. Physical examination was normal. Abdominal examination revealed tenderness in right upper quadrant and a hard, non tender globular mass suggestive of gall bladder lumpBlood parameters were normal. Contrast enhanced CT scan abdomen reported grossly distended gall bladder with 12 mm calculus at neck, pericholecystic fat stranding, asymmetric wall thickening and few lymph nodes. Serum CA19.9 -103 IU/l.. Diagnostic laparoscopy that ruled out intraperitoneal disease followed by cholecystectomy and wedge resection of liver. Intraoperatively, gall bladder was found to be hard, elongated, densely adhered to GB fossa with multiple calculi in it. Histopathologically greyish-yellow streaks in the gallbladder wall, transmural inflammation with dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and fibrosis, perineural plasma infiltrate, one of the areas showing storiform fibrosis, suggesting xanthogranulomatous or IgG4 cholecystitis. No malignancy present. Serum IgG levels were raised but IgG4 levels were normal. Immunohistochemistry for IgG4 plasma cells in the specimen was negative. Conclusion: Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis is a perfect mimicker of carcinoma gall bladder and diagnosis is difficult, both pre and intraoperatively. It is a differential for IgG4 cholecystitis also which though rare isolated entity, is usually a part of spectrum of IgG4 related sclerosing diseases.