Perineal Rupture Research Articles

Penerapan Kegel Exercise terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Perineum pada Ibu Post Partum

Background: Post partum is a condition where the reproductive organs are restored to their pre-pregnancy state. The process of childbirth almost 90% experience perineal tears. To be able to accelerate perineal wounds can be with pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures, one of which is non-pharmacological action with kegel exercise, kegel exercise is pelvic muscle training by contracting the muscles. Objective: to describe the results of observations of wound healing and changes in wound characteristics in post partum women. Methods: This research is a case study research using descriptive methods, namely by observing 2 (two) respondents of post partum women with perineal rupture. Performed for 7 days of application and wound evaluation on day 8. Results: This application shows that before Kegel exercise was performed, both respondents' perineal wound conditions were classified as moderate wounds, namely wet wounds, perineal closure, no signs of infection. After evaluation on the eighth day, the wound condition of Mrs. D and Mrs. E was classified as a good wound, namely dry perineal wounds closing and no signs of infection. Conclusion: There are differences in wound healing and changes in perineal wound characteristics in postpartum women.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF MOTHER'S AGE AND NEWBORN'S WEIGHT WITH PERINEUM RUPTURE

Perineal rupture is an injury to the birth canal that occurs during birth due to tissue damage due to pressure on the baby's head and shoulders during the birth process. The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between maternal age and newborn weight with perineal rupture at the Independent Midwife Practice (PMB) Irma Suryani, Prabumulih City in 2023. The research method was analytical, using a cross sectional approach. The population of this study were all mothers giving birth at the Independent Midwife Practice (PMB) Irma Suryani, Prabumulih City. The sample taken in this study used the Random Sampling technique method, namely 149 people. The research instrument is a checklist. The results of the study based on univariate analysis showed that of the 149 respondents there were 64 respondents (43%) who were diagnosed with perineal rupture and 85 respondents (57%) who were diagnosed with not perineal rupture, there were 52 respondents (34.9%) who were of high risk age and 97 respondents (65 .1%) who had a low risk age, there were 35 respondents (23.5%) who had a high risk birth weight and 114 respondents (76.5%) who had a low risk birth weight. Of the 52 respondents with a high risk age, there were 38 respondents (25.5%) who were diagnosed with perineal rupture. Of the 97 respondents who had a low risk age, there were 26 respondents (17.4%) who were diagnosed with perineal rupture and of the 35 respondents who had a heavy newborn baby. At high risk births, there were 31 respondents (20.8%) who were diagnosed with perineal rupture, while of the 114 respondents who had low risk birth weights, there were 33 respondents (22.1%) who were diagnosed with perineal rupture. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between maternal age and perineal rupture with a P value of 0.000 < ? 0.05 and there is a significant relationship between the weight of the newborn and perineal rupture with a P value of 0.000 < ? 0.05. Keywords : Perineal rupture incidence, maternal age, weight of newborn Bibliography : 18 (2017-2023)

The Relationship Of The Weight Of Newborn Babies And The Incident Of Perineal Rupture In Primipara Mothers At Rb Mutiara Bunda

The first cause of bleeding is uterine atony and the second cause is tearing of the birth canal. One of the birth canal tears is a perineal tear. Perineal rupture is an injury to the perineum that occurs due to certain reasons without any tearing or deliberate action. The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between newborn baby weight and the incidence of perineal rupture in primiparous mothers. This research method is analytical research with a cross sectional approach. The population was 86 primiparous mothers who experienced perineal rupture or did not experience perineal rupture. The results of the study showed that the weight of newborn babies in primiparous mothers ranged between 2500-4000 grams (61.6%), 64 mothers experienced perineal rupture (74.4%), primiparous mothers whose babies weighed > 4000 grams experienced perineal rupture. as many as 14 people (100%). The conclusion is that there is a relationship between the weight of newborn babies and the incidence of perineal rupture in primiparous mothers at RB Mutiara Bunda.

Perbedaan Efektivitas Pemberian Putih Telur Dan Ikan Gabus Terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Perineum Ibu Nifas

Introduction: Perineal rupture is an injury to the birth canal that occurs at the time of the baby's birth either using a tool or not using a tool. Wounds on the perineum due to tears or lacerations are areas that are not easy to keep clean and dry. Wound healing processes that are not handled properly can lead to imperfect wound healing. This can cause bleeding not to stop properly or cause infection which can eventually cause death to the mother. Methods: Quasy-experimental two groups pre-test-post-test research design. The population in this study were all post-partum women who experienced perineal injuries at the Cempaka Medical Center Maternity Clinic in April 2023 as many as 30 people (15 people treated with egg whites and 15 treated for snakehead fish), using a total sampling technique, namely the sampling method to distinguish certain. The research material uses observation sheets and stationery while the instrument used is a questionnaire sheet. Results: The data analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test obtained a value of Z = -3,669 value: 0,000 where < 0,05 means H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. In post-partum women with perineal wounds before being given egg white and snakehead fish, all respondents (100%) had bad perineal wounds. After giving egg whites it was not good (20,0%); moderate (30,0%); good (0%); and giving snakehead fish was not good (3,3%); moderate (13.3%); good (33,3%). Discussion: Giving egg whites and fish cork can heal perineal wounds. It is hoped that health workers can be used as additional KIE which is of great concern so that post-partum mothers can consume egg whites and fish cork to accelerate perineal wound healing.

PERINEUM MASSAGE EDUCATION TO EMPOWER PREGNANT WOMEN IN PREVENTING PERINEAL RUPTURE AT PENELEH PUBLICH HEALTH CENTER SURABAYA 2023

The three highest causes of maternal death in Indonesia, which is bleeding. Severe perineal rupture or what is called OASIS can cause bleeding that can lead to death. This community service activity aims to provide education about perineal massage to empower pregnant women to prevent perineal rupture at the Peneleh Public Health Center, Surabaya in 2023. Partnership programs are needed to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets. The problem faced by partners is that even though pregnancy classes are running, they do not yet provide material on preventing perineal rupture and practicing perineal massage so mothers do not have an understanding of techniques for preventing perineal rupture. Apart from that, health workers have not mastered perineal massage techniques so they cannot provide their knowledge to pregnant women. Activities are carried out in the form of providing material and practice. The evaluation was carried out by administering a pretest and posttest for knowledge and assessment of perineal massage skills for pregnant women and health workers. The evaluation method used was the ability of pregnant women to perform phantom perineal massage exercises. Pregnant women are said to be able to do this if they can do it correctly. Providing education related to perineal massage can increase the knowledge and skills of pregnant women thereby supporting the prevention of bleeding. Suggestions for community health centers to improve education so that pregnant women are ready to do it independently at home and provide support to health workers to provide education to pregnant women.

Effect of perineal massage and gentle techniques on perineal rupture in primigravida maternity mothers

Background: Perineal rupture is a tear that occurs when a baby is born, either spontaneously or by using tools/actions. Preventive efforts can be made to reduce the risk of perineal rupture by massaging the perineum and using good pressure techniques during labor. Objective: To determine the effect of perineal massage techniques and pressure on perineal rupture in primigravida mothers who give birth. Method: This research uses experimental research methods; this type of research is quantitative with a pretest-posttest research design with a control group and an analytical study design with a retrospective approach. The total research sample required was 30 primigravidas, with details, namely 15 people from the perineal massage group and 15 from the gentle technique. Sampling was taken using an accidental sampling technique, where subjects were selected as research samples based on cases/respondents who happened to be available in a place according to the context. Results: research results of primigravid mothers who experienced perineal rupture in the perineal massage group were two people (20%), and in the menstrual technique group, there were eight people (80%), based on the results of data analysis using the Wilcoxon test, the p-value was obtained. In the perineal massage group, it was 0.000; in the gentle technique group, it was 0.005. Conclusion: It can be concluded that perineal massage is more effective than gentle techniques in preventing perineal rupture in primigravida mothers. To ensure the effectiveness of the chosen method, it is advisable to consult with medical personnel experienced in this field and follow the recommendations and protocols approved by the relevant health authorities. In addition, careful monitoring and care during labor is also essential to minimize the risk of perineal rupture.

Determinants of perineal wound healing in 2023

Normal labour can result in a perineal laceration due to pressure from the baby's bottom during delivery or from an episiotomy operation to open the birth canal. Perineal injuries will have an impact on the muscles in the pelvic floor. In the East Jakarta region, there will be numerous cases of perineal rupture in 2022, both spontaneous and due to episiotomy. Many postpartum women suffer from perineal lacerations that take longer than seven days to heal. This study aims to identify the factors that influence perineal wound healing in the Kramat Jati District Health Center's operational setting. This study used a cross-sectional design. Based on the sample formula, the research sample of 110 postpartum women with perineal wounds was chosen to test the hypothesis with a different percentage. Purposive sampling was used as the sample method. Chi-Square test study of a correlation test. A questionnaire and a checklist were employed as the data collection tools to track the healing of the perineum wound, which was assessed during the respondent's postpartum visit. The results showed that there was a significant association between age (P-value 0.003; OR 3.354), parity (P-value 0.001; OR 4.028), mobilization (P-value 0.007), personal hygiene (P-value 0.001; OR 3.611), body mass index (BMI) (P-value 0.012; OR 2.682), type of perineal injury (P-value 0.001; OR 0.251), treatment (P-value 0.0001; OR 5.262) on perineal wound healing. Postpartum mothers are advised to practice good hygiene, non-pharmacological therapies, engage in active mobilization, and maintain a normal BMI. Perineal wounds might heal more quickly depending on BMI. Health services require education for health workers and perineal wound care recommendations for postpartum women.

Evaluation of risk factors of postpartum urinary retention after vaginal delivery

BackgroundUrinary retention is a condition where a person is unable to urinate even after making sufficient efforts. It can be classified as either acute or chronic, as well as overt or covert. Urinary retention can be caused by various factors such as poor detrusor muscle contraction, a decrease in bladder contractility, anatomical anomalies, impaired neurological coordination while urinating, and disruption of outlet relaxation. The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors of postpartum urinary retention (PPUR) after vaginal delivery. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted involving 500 female subjects who were in labor. All data obtained including variables such as age, parity, perineal rupture, episiotomy, history of using assisted vaginal birth during labor, and newborn weight, were compared between female subjects with and without postpartum urinary retention. The data were was analyzed using chi square test and multiple logistic regression analyses as a means to identify risk factors for PPUR. Results Among the 500 patients recruited to our study, 68 (13.6%) had PPUR. Episiotomy and parity were found to be potential risk factors for PPUR (OR=1.84;95% CI = 1.06-3.18 and OR=2.19;95% CI = 1.16-4.12, respectively). Severe perineal rupture was not a risk factor of PPUR (OR= 0.82;95% CI =0.82-5.89). ConclusionThe prevalence of PPUR was quite high. Risk factors identified for PPUR were parity and episiotomy. In clinical practice, healthcare providers should pay more attention to women with these risk factors to prevent PPUR.

Edukasi Pencegahan Rupture Perineum Melalui Pijat Perineum Pada Ibu Hamil Di PMB Mesrida Simarmata, Am Keb Tahun 2022

Background: Perineal rupture is a rupture that occurs as a result of the process of the head exiting the birth canal. It had to be stitched and there were scars. To prevent perineal rupture, education is carried out about perineal massage for pregnant women. Objective: So that pregnant women know how to do perineal massage and are able to independently and routinely do perineal massage. Method: Pre and Post Design One Group. By providing a questionnaire to measure pregnant women's knowledge about perineal massage before the education and measuring again after the education is carried out. The service participants were pregnant women aged 34-36 weeks at PMB Mesrida Simarmata, Am Keb September-November 2022. Results: Before the education was carried out, the level of knowledge of pregnant women was only 50% who knew perineal massage well and after the education was carried out those who knew perineal massage thoroughly good 83%. Conclusion: Community service has been carried out and there has been an increase in pregnant women's knowledge about perineal massage after education about massage. Suggestion: That health workers continue to provide education on perineal massage

THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BIRTH WEIGHT AND THE OCCURRENCE OF PERINEAL RUPTURE IN TALANG PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER, TEGAL DISTRICT

The weight of the newborn is a risk factor for perineal tearing when spontaneously delivered. This is because the perineum is not strong enough to withstand stretching of the baby's head when the baby weighs a considerable amount. According to the data obtained from Talang Public Health Center, in the number of births in January - October 2021, 28% of mothers experienced perineal rupture during vaginal delivery. This study aimed to determine the relationship between newborn weight and the incidence of perineal rupture. A quantitative with a correlational design was used in this research. The data was collected from January to May 2022 in Talang Public Health Center. The sample used in this research was 119 mothers who gave birth. We used secondary data and analyzed it using SPSS with the chi-square statistical test. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between the birth weight of the baby and the incidence of perineal rupture in Talang Health Center with the value of p = 0.650 > α = 0.05. This may be due to other factors such as maternal, fetal, birth, and birth assistance factors. Hopefully, this research will provide health workers and the community with knowledge so pregnant women can have regular ANC visits to monitor fetal development.

The Relationship Between Birth Distance and Perineal Rupture Incident

Background: Perineal rupture was a quite serious problem. Factors that influence the incidence of perineal rupture were parity, birth spacing, fetal position, birth weight. Birth spacing of less than 2 years was considered high risk because it can cause complications during childbirth
 Purpose: The aim of this research was to know relationship between birth spacing and the incidence of perineal rupture
 Method: Design of this research was quantitative analytic retrospective. Population in this study was 268 medical records of mothers giving birth at Private Midwife Practice Place Sudjiati Frans Surabaya and the sample size was 160. Sampling technique used purposive sampling. Instrument used in this research was medical records at Midwife Practice Place Sudjiati Frans Surabaya for the period January – December 2022. Data were analyzed using pearson correlation test.
 Results: : Based on the results of pearson correlation with α = 0.05, the value of p = 0.001 (p < α) was obtained, which shows that there was a significant relationship between birth spacing and the incidence of perineal rupture in mothers giving birth.
 Conclusion: Birth interval had a significant relationship with the incidence of perineal rupture at Private Midwife Practice Place Sudjiati Frans Surabaya

HUBUNGAN CARA MENERAN DENGAN KEJADIAN RUPTUR PERINEUM PADA IBU BERSALIN DALAM PERSALINAN KALA II DI PMB DESA SUKASARI KECAMATAN RUMPIN KABUPATEN BOGOR

A tear of the birth canal becomes the second cause of postpartum hemorrhage. Technique straning can affect the occurrence of perineal rupture in mothers who give birth spontaneously. The biggest cause of maternal death is bleeding, which is 30.3% and old partus is the lowest cause at 1.8%, but better treatment is needed so that it does not occur during labor (Ministry of Health, 2018). This study aims to analyze how to straining with incidence of perineal rupture in maternity mothers in Kala II Labor at PMB Sukasari Village, Rumpin District, Bogor Regency. The research method used is an observational analytical with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study was 55 people with a sample of 35 primiparous mothers. This research instrument uses SOP observation sheets for how to run and partograph sheets. Data processing is carried out univariately and bivariately with Chi Square Test with the help of SPSS computer program. The results of the study indicate that there is a relationship how to straining the Valsalva technique and the perineal rupture whith a volue ρ = 0.004 < α = 0.005 indicating that how to straining the valsava technique affects the incidence of perineal rupture. The results of the study concluded that the way of straining can affect the incidence of perineal rupture at the time of labor. It is recommended that pregnant women in the third trimester can learn to straining properly so that there is no perineal rupture at the time of delivery

INCIDENCE OF PERINEAL RUPTURE IN TERMS OF MATERNAL AGE AND

ABSTRACT
 Introduction: Efforts to prevent perineal rupture are to protect the perineum in the second stage of labor when the baby's head opens the vulva (5-6 cm in diameter). according to the Minister of Health regulation number 28 of 2017 concerning licensing and implementation of midwife practice, midwives provide high quality care, care for mothers, respond to local culture during childbirth, lead clean and safe deliveries, handle certain situations and emergencies to optimize the health of women and their newborns. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between age and parity of mothers with the incidence of perineal rupture in the Working Area of Puskesmas Bangsa Negara, Belitang District, East Ogan Komering Ulu Regency in 2022. Method: This study used an analytic method with a Cross Sectional approach. The population was all mothers giving birth. The sampling technique used was the total population of 75 respondents. Data analysis used univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using distribution tables and Chi-Square statistical tests, with a 95% confidence level. Result: Research results on univariate analysis of 75 respondents who experienced perineal rupture as many as 54 respondents (63.53%) and who did not as many as 31 respondents (36.47%). Of the 75 respondents aged <20 and > 35 as many as 66 respondents (77.65%) and aged 20-30 as many as 19 respondents (22.35%). And of the 85 respondents, nulliparous parity was 0 respondents, primiparous was 64 respondents (75.29%), multiparous was 21 respondents (24.71%), grandemultiparous was 0 respondents and great grandemultiparous was 0 respondents. In bivariate analysis, the p value is 0.036 for age and parity p value is 0.021. In conclusion: there is a relationship between age and parity with the incidence of perineal rupture.

Efektivitas Air Rebusan Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Perineum pada Ibu Post Partum di Praktik Mandiri Bidan Rica Merdekawaty Tahun 2023

The postpartum period (puerperium) is the period that begins after 2 hours postpartum and ends when the uterus returns to its pre-pregnancy state, lasting 6 weeks. The postpartum period is an important thing to pay attention to in order to reduce maternal mortality. Perineal rupture is a tear caused by spontaneous birth of a baby, either by using a tool or action. Perineal wound care is important to prevent infection of the reproductive organs, one method of perineal wound care is non-conventional therapy using red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) boiled water which contains flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenolic compounds, tannins and essential oils which are known to has antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of red betel (Piper crocatum) cooking water for perineal wound healing in postpartum mothers. This research is a quantitative study with a population of all postpartum mothers with perineal wounds at PMB Rica Merdekawaty with a total sample of 30 respondents consisting of the intervention group and the control group. The data that was collected was then analyzed using the chi square statistical test (p value = 0.029). Based on the chi square analysis, it showed that red betel leaf boiled water was effective in healing perineal wounds in postpartum mothers.

The Effect of Counter Pressure and Birthball on The Time of The First Stage of Labor and Prevention of Perineal Rupture

Mothers with prolonged labor have a higher risk of bleeding. This study aimed to determine the effect of the counterpressure technique with a birthball on the length of the first stage of perineal rupture. This type of research is quantitative with a quasi-experimental design using an observation form conducted in Kendari City Hospital from May to August 2023. The design used was a two-group-only post-test, with a control group. The study population comprised multiparous mothers in the first active stage. The sample size consisting of 20 who were given the counterpressure technique with birthball, 20 who were only given the counterpressure technique, and 20 who received no treatment. The inclusion criteria were mothers who were willing to become respondents and mothers who gave birth with normal births. The samples were collected using purposive sampling. The t-test was used to determine the differences between the three groups. The results of the difference test in the length of active phase I between the group given the counterpressure technique with birthball (intervention I) and the control group were p-value (0.000). The results of the analysis for the group given the counterpressure technique (Intervention II) with the control group were p-value (0.000). The results of the analysis for the group given the counterpressure technique with birthball (Intervention I) with the counterpressure technique (Intervention II) were p-value (0.759). In Conclusions, Providing counterpressure techniques with a birthball or simply providing counterpressure techniques is effective in reducing the incidence of perineal ruptures.

The Influence of Channa Striata and Ananas Comosus Floss on Perineal Wound Healing at Aji Batara Agung Dewa Sakti Hospital Samboja

A perineal wound is one of the predisposing factors for puerperal infection. This form of infection varies and is localized, resulting in sepsis and death during the puerperium. One of the risk factors for perineal infection is prolonged perineal wound healing. Channa Striata is one of the fish that contains more nutrients and protein than other types of fish, so consumption of Channa Striata can be used as a type of nutrition to accelerate wound healing. Then in Ananas comosus, you can find a phytochemical content in the form of bromelain, which functions as an anti-inflammatory so that it can prevent wound infection. To determine the effectiveness of Channa Striata and Ananas Comosus shredded on perineal wound healing in postpartum mothers. This research is included in quasi-experimental research with a one-group pretest-posttest design approach. The population is postpartum mothers who experience perineal rupture from either natural injuries or episiotomy wounds at Aji Batara Agung Dewa Sakti Hospital Samboja. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling of as many as 17 people. As a result of the study, this influence exists between Channa Striata and Ananas Comosus Floss in healing perineal wounds (p value = 0.025) with value α = 0.05.Research results show that Channa Striata and Ananas Comosus Floss can help speed up the healing process of perineal wounds. From the research results, Channa Striata and Ananas Comosus shredded can be used as an alternative for perineal wound healing

Risk Factors for Perineal Rupture in Normal Maternity Women at Midwife Independent Practice (BPM) Barirah Madeni, Bebesen District, Central Aceh Regency, Indonesia

Perineal rupture is a tear in the tissue located between the vulva and anus that can occur during childbirth. This happens because the bigger the baby is born, the greater the risk of this occurring rupture perineum due to the large birth weight of the baby. This study aimed to find out the risk factor for perineal rupture in normal maternity mothers at BPM Barirah Madeni, Central Aceh Regency, Indonesia. This research is an analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach, with the population being all mothers giving birth normally at BPM Barirah Madeni, totaling 94 people. The samples taken were the entire population, namely 94 people. Data was collected using a questionnaire and then analyzed univariate and bivariate. The results of the study showed that there was a relationship between birth weight and perineal rupture in normal labor and outcomes p-value = 0.001 (p<0.05). However, there is no relationship between partus precipitatus and the incidence of perineal rupture in normal maternity women, with the results p-value = 0.192 (p>0.05).

CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT PELVIC FRACTURE URETHRAL INJURY (PFUI) IN A GIRL: A CASE REPORT

ABSTRACT
 Objective: This case report aims to describe a different approach of PFUI by conservative management that resulted in good outcome. Case(s) Presentation: A 7-year-old girl patient was brought to the emergency department after falling from public transportation diagnosed with suspicious urethral rupture, perineal rupture grade III, vertical-shear type pelvic-ring injury, laceration wound on the right lower leg, abrasion on the medial side left lower leg and urinary retention. The patient underwent percutaneous cystostomy, pelvic bandage, a perineal debridement and repair, a cystography, percutaneous vesicolithotripsy, cystostomy and synechiae incision. One year after the first admission it was planned for urethroplasty due to completely obliterated from antegrade and retrograde panendoscopy. Discussion: 8 months later urethroplasty was aborted because of an open bladder neck, a fistula at the anterior connected to the distal of the bladder neck with size of 3 mm. The patient was performed a silicon cystostomy catheter insertion for 6 weeks. At the time of evaluation, the fistula was closed, it was proven by Qmax uroflowmetry was 18ml/s with average flow: 9.8 ml/s, voiding volume: 90ml, flow time: 9s, voiding time: 9s, hesistance:1.5, and PVR:5.35 cc. Conclusion: In this case, it showed that conservative management could improve PFUI with satisfactory result, proved by good result of uroflowmetry. However, periodic evaluations must be carried out to follow the progress of the disease and the possibility of future complications including sexual function.
 Keywords: PFUI, girl, urethral rupture

Improving Delivery Outcomes with the Application of Murottal Therapy Al-Qur'an on Length of Second Stage of Labor and Apgar Score.

Introduction: The second stage of labor is called the expulsion period, starting when the opening of the cervix is complete (10 cm) and ending with the birth of the baby with his force and straining the fetus is pushed out until birth. Childbirth is a stress response that the body responds to. Anxiety in pregnant women is caused by psychosocial factors such as the need for security and comfort. Al-Qur'an stimulants can generate delta waves of 63.11% with reduced anxiety in the mother making the muscles more relaxed and the mother can go through labor easily so there are no cases of prolonged labor and can improve the welfare of the fetus. Method: This type of research is a quasi-experimental study that aims to determine the increase in labor outcomes by applying the Murottal Al-Quran to the Length of the Second Stage of Labor and the APGAR Score. While the research design used was a pre- experimental design with a posttest only with a control group design to measure the effect of murottal QS. Ar-Rahman in the experimental group by comparing it with the control group. The population in this study were all mothers giving birth during the first active phase at the Ar-Rahmah Indaralaya Maternity Clinic in Palembang. Results: There were 66 respondents (55.5%) who applied Murottal Al-Quran with a duration of 2 under 1 hour, while 53 respondents (44.5%) did not apply Murottal Al-Quran with a duration of 2 under 1 hour. Respondents who applied Murottal Al-Quran in the absence of asphyxia were 64 people (66%) while respondents who did not apply Murottal Al-Quran in the absence of perineal rupture were 33 people (34%). Discussion: There was a difference in the length of stage II between the intervention group and the control group after the application of Murottal Al- Qur'an and there were differences in APGAR scores between the intervention group and the control group after the application of Murottal Al-Qur'an.

Perineal tear and childbirth-related posttraumatic stress: A prospective cohort study.

Quantitative studies examining the occurrence of childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder (CB-PTSD) following severe perineal rupture are lacking. The objective of this population-based study was to investigate the prospective associations between the degree of perineal tear during childbirth and CB-PTSD symptoms, when adjusting for known covariates (maternal age, years of school education, premature birth, and parity). We hypothesized that women with different degrees of perineal tear will differ regarding (1) the level of CB-PTSD symptoms at 8 weeks and 2 years postpartum and (2) the rate of change in CB-PTSD symptoms from 8 weeks to 2 years postpartum. Secondary data analysis from the Akershus Birth Cohort, a large population-based prospective cohort study using self-report questionnaires and hospital record data. The degree of perineal tear was significantly associated with CB-PTSD symptoms at 8 weeks and 2 years postpartum. However, the degree of perineal tear was not significantly associated with the change in CB-PTSD symptoms over time. Similar patterns were found for both total CB-PTSD symptoms as well as for avoidance and intrusion symptoms only. Results seem to support a dose-response model, suggesting that the higher the severity of the perineal tear, the higher the posttraumatic morbidity.