Perinatal Outcomes In Pregnancies Research Articles

Maternal glycoregulation in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus in the prediction of fetal echography findings and perinatal outcomes.

We aimed to determine maternal hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and pregestational body mass index (BMI) as the predictors of glycemic control and its importance for fetal echography findings and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus (DM). Our intention was to evaluate how BMI and HbA1c levels might be used to predict fetal interventricular septum (IVS) thickness, atrioventricular inflow early diastole (E)/ atrial systole (A) velocity ratio, and perinatal outcomes. Patients in the 38th gestational week were divided into three groups according to their insulin therapy: (i) patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) treated only with dietary changes (GDM group, n = 32); (ii) patients with GDM treated with insulin therapy (DM2 group, n = 27); and (iii) patients with type 1 DM (DM1 group, n = 22). In the DM1 group, we found statistically significant correlations between BMI and IVS thickness (P = 0.036), HbA1c and IVS thickness, as well as the mitral E/A velocity ratio (P = 0.013 vs P = 0.007). In this group, HbA1c showed a statistically significant correlation to neonatal birth weight (P = 0.037) and BMI influenced on appearance respiratory distress syndrome in neonates in DM1 group (P = 0.027). The values of HbA1c predict neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in DM2 and GDM groups (P = 0.036). As good predictors of maternal glycoregulation, BMI and HbA1c levels determine fetal echography findings as well as neonatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by DM.

Outcomes of pregnancies achieved by double gamete donation: A comparison with pregnancies obtained by oocyte donation alone

ObjectiveWomen increasingly resort to oocyte donation to become pregnant. The high risk of preeclampsia found in oocyte donation pregnancies and the separate risk of preeclampsia associated with sperm donation may be cumulative in double donation pregnancies. We aimed to study the obstetrical and perinatal outcomes of pregnancies obtained by double donation (both oocyte and sperm) in comparison with those obtained by oocyte donation alone (oocyte donation and partner’s sperm). Study designThis cohort study included all women aged 43 and older who became pregnant after oocyte donation and gave birth between 2010 and 2016 in a tertiary maternity center. Primary outcomes were preeclampsia and hypertensive gestational disorders. Secondary outcomes were gestational diabetes, placental abnormalities, postpartum hemorrhage, perinatal death, and preterm delivery. We used univariate and multivariate analysis to compare IVF with double donation and IVF with oocyte donation alone for obstetric and perinatal outcomes. Results247 women, 53 with double donations and 194 with oocyte donations alone, gave birth to 339 children. We observed no significant differences between groups for any obstetric or perinatal complications, except for the risk of gestational diabetes, which was more frequent in women with double donations compared with oocyte donation alone (26.4% vs. 12.9%, P = 0.02) and remained significant after adjustment (aOR = 2.80 95%CI[1.26-6.17]). Rates of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia were high, but similar between groups (20.7% vs. 26.3%, P = 0.41, and 18.9% vs. 17.5%, P = 0.82). ConclusionWomen undergoing oocyte donation should be fully informed of its high rates of obstetric and perinatal risks. However, except for a higher observed risk of gestational diabetes, double donation does not appear to be associated with a higher risk of complications than oocyte donation alone.

Addictive Disorders in Women: The Impact of Maternal Substance Use on the Fetus and Newborn

Addictive disorders are rising to epidemic proportions throughout the United States and globally, placing significant social and economic burdens on industrialized societies. It is well-known that a high percentage of drug-dependent individuals are women of childbearing age. Maternal substance use and abuse exposes the fetus to drugs of dependence during critical periods of development, resulting in short- and long-term neurodevelopmental effects in infancy and childhood. Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a term that was initially used to describe the withdrawal symptoms observed in infants who were exposed to opioids in utero. As we have learned more about the various effects of in utero drug exposure and the subsequent consequences, NAS has become a term that more broadly describes the signs and symptoms of withdrawal resulting from any dependence-inducing substance consumed by a pregnant woman. The aim of this review is to discuss the perinatal outcome of pregnancy associated with maternal drug use. In the United States and other developed nations, the incidence of NAS continues to rise, paralleling the evolution of the opioid epidemic. Chronic in utero exposures to licit and illicit drugs of dependence have fetal, neonatal, and early childhood consequences and are addressed in this review.

A Study to asses and compare patients characteristics and maternal and perinatal outcome in pregnancy complicated by APH due to placenta praevia and placenta abruption at teaching hospital, Bikaner, Rajasthan

A Study to asses and compare patients characteristics and maternal and perinatal outcome in pregnancy complicated by APH due to placenta praevia and placenta abruption at teaching hospital, Bikaner, Rajasthan

Perinatal outcome of pregnancies complicated with extreme birth weights at term

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate whether an abnormal birthweight at term, either small for gestational age (SGA, < 5th centile for gestational age) or large for gestational age (LGA, > 95th centile for gestational age), is a risk factor for perinatal complications as compared with birthweight appropriate for gestational age (AGA).Methods: A population-based retrospective cohort analysis of all singleton pregnancies delivered between 1991 and 2014 at Soroka Medical Center. Congenital malformations and multiple pregnancies were excluded. A multivariable generalized estimating equation regression model was used to control for maternal clusters and other confounders.Results: During the study period, 228,242 births met the inclusion criteria, of them 91% were AGA (n = 207,652), 4.7% SGA, and 4.3% LGA. SGA significantly increased the risk for perinatal mortality (aOR 5.6, 95%CI 4.5–6.8) and low 5-min Apgar scores (aOR 2.2, 95%CI 2.0–2.4), while LGA did not. SGA and LGA were both significant risk factors for cesarean delivery. LGA was significantly associated with shoulder dystocia and post-partum hemorrhage (aOR =13.6, 95%CI 10.9–17.0, and aOR 1.7, 95%CI 1.2–2.6, respectively).Conclusions: Extreme birthweights at term are significantly associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. As opposed to SGA, LGA is not independently associated with perinatal mortality.

Perinatal Findings in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital in Dhaka City

Background: Hypertensive disorders are common complication occurring during pregnancy which are responsible for maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine the perinatal outcome in pregnancy induced hypertension. Methodology: This study was designed as cross-sectional study and was conducted from April 2013 to September 2013 for a period of six (06) moths. Patients admitted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Shaheed SuhrawardyMedical College Hospital, Dhaka. Data were collected by interview, physical examintions (blood pressure, pulse rate, oedema, heart and lungs auscultation) and lab investigations using a structural questionnaire. Result: Majority of the women belonged to age group 21-25 year. Maximum were (56%) primigravida. The mean gestational age was 34.6 weeks with the range from 28 to 40 weeks. Hyperurecaemia was frequent among patients with pregnancy induced hypertension. Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) was secondary to pregnancy induced hypertension which was associated with significantly increased perinatalmortality. Conclusion: In this study, prematurity is frequent in pregnancy induced hypertension and convulsion in nonresponsive patients is associated with significantly increased perinatal mortality.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2016;2(1): 10-13

OP21.09: Fetal Dopplers for prediction of perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus

OP21.09: Fetal Dopplers for prediction of perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus

P21.01: Perinatal outcomes of pregnancies conceived by assisted reproductive technologies in an 11+0 – 13+6 weeks screening program

P21.01: Perinatal outcomes of pregnancies conceived by assisted reproductive technologies in an 11+0 – 13+6 weeks screening program

Obstetric and perinatal outcomes of pregnancies conceived with embryos cultured in a time-lapse monitoring system

To compare obstetric and perinatal outcomes of singleton pregnancies resulting from embryos incubated in a time-lapse system (TLS) with those of embryos grown in standard IVF incubators (SI). Retrospective description of a cohort of patients who conceived during a randomized, controlled trial. Private university-affiliated IVF center. Of 856 randomized patients, 378 gave birth to a live-born infant: 216 of the deliveries originated from embryos incubated in TLS, and 162 deliveries were from embryos cultured in SI. Embryo incubation and selection in TLS. Delivery and neonatal outcomes. No significant differences were observed in the baseline characteristics of the study population. The delivery rate was 49.3% (TLS) vs. 40.0% (SI), and multiple deliveries were higher in the TLS group: 31.0% (67 of 216) vs. 24.7% (40 of 162) in the SI group. When singleton pregnancies were analyzed no differences were found between the two groups in the rate of obstetric problems with respect to weeks at delivery: 38.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] 38.4-39.1) (TLS) vs. 39.5 (95% CI 38.0-39.9) (SI); preterm births (<37weeks): 10.7% (TLS) vs. 12.3% (SI); and very preterm births (<34weeks): 2.9% (TLS) vs. 3.3% (SI). No statistical differences were found in neonatal outcomes such as birth weight: 3,163g (95% CI 3,035-3,292g) (TLS) vs. 3,074 (95% CI 2,913-3,236) (SI); low birth weight (<2,500g): 12.8% (TLS) vs. 12.3% (SI); very low birth weight (<1,500g): 2.0% (TLS) vs. 2.4% (SI); or height: 50.3cm (95% CI 49.6-50.9cm) (TLS) vs. 49.7 (95% CI 48.9-50.4cm) (SI). No major malformations or perinatal mortality were found in either of the two groups. No detrimental effects were observed in obstetric and perinatal outcomes when a time-lapse incubator was used rather than a more widely used conventional incubator. As far as we know this is the first report from a randomized study of the neonatal outcomes of time-lapse monitoring. Our results suggest that this technology is an effective and safe alternative for embryo incubation, though trials of larger numbers of patients are required to further confirm our conclusions. NCT01549262.

Perinatal outcomes after previable preterm premature rupture of membranes before 24 weeks of gestation.

A current descriptive assessment of perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by previable preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPPROM) at <24 weeks of gestation, after expectant treatment. Maternal and short-term neonatal data were collected for patients with pPPROM. Seventy-three patients with 93 fetuses were hospitalized with pPPROM at 15-24 weeks' gestation. Among these patients, 27.4% (n=20) chose pregnancy termination, 27.4% (n=20) miscarried and 45.2% (n=33) proceeded to live births. After a median latency period of 38 days, ranging from 1 to 126 days, 24 singletons and 20 multiples were live-born, of whom 79.5% (n=35) survived the perinatal period. The main neonatal sequelae were pulmonary hypoplasia (29.5%; n=13), connatal infection (56.8%; n=25), intraventricular hemorrhage (25%; n=11; resulting in five neonatal deaths) and Potter's syndrome (15.9%; n=7). Nine newborns died, within an average of 2.8 days (range, 1-10 days). The overall neonatal survival rate was 51.5% - including miscarriages but not elective terminations. The intact survival rate was 45.5% of all live-born neonates. Even with limited treatment options, overall neonatal survival is increasing. However, neonatal mortality and morbidity rates remain high. The gestational age at membrane rupture does not predict neonatal outcome.

Perinatal Outcome in Pregnancies with Polyhydramnios

Perinatal Outcome in Pregnancies with Polyhydramnios

Cerebroplacental ratio in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus.

To assess the relationship between the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) and intrapartum and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This was a retrospective cohort study of women with a non-anomalous singleton pregnancy diagnosed with GDM who delivered at Mater Mothers' Hospital between 2007 and 2015. CPR was measured in 1089 cases between 34 + 0 and 36 + 6 weeks' gestation. CPR values were compared between groups categorized according to GDM treatment (by diet, oral hypoglycemic agent (OHA) or insulin). The association between CPR and intrapartum and perinatal outcomes was evaluated. No difference in CPR was observed between treatment groups. Fetuses with CPR < 10th centile were significantly more likely to have adverse composite perinatal outcome (odds ratio (OR) = 2.93 (95% CI, 1.95-4.40)), preterm delivery and low birth weight than fetuses with CPR ≥ 10th centile (all P < 0.001). These associations were present regardless of the type of GDM treatment. Fetuses of women with insulin-controlled GDM had poorer neonatal outcomes than did fetuses of women treated with OHA or dietary control alone. The risk of adverse outcome was significantly increased in the insulin-treated group (OR = 1.75 (95% CI, 1.34-2.28); P < 0.001), which also had higher rates of preterm delivery and higher birth weight. Regardless of the type of treatment, a low CPR is associated with poorer neonatal outcome in women with GDM. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Association of Thyroid Dysfunction and Autoimmunity in Pregnant Women with Diabetes Mellitus.

This study was undertaken to find out the proportion of women with thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy complicated by diabetes mellitus; to find out the association, if any, of thyroid dysfunction and of antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies during pregnancy in women with pregestational (PGDM) and gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM); and to find out the maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by both diabetes mellitus and thyroid dysfunction. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Kolkata, India, for a period of 1year. Sixty-four pregnant women with diabetes, both PGDM and GDM, were recruited from the antenatal clinic. They were managed and followed up till 6weeks postpartum. Their plasma glucose levels were estimated, and thyroid function was evaluated periodically. All relevant data were recorded and analyzed statistically. Most (81.25%) women had GDM. Forty percent women suffered from some form of thyroid disorder, mostly (37.5%) hypothyroidism. Thyroid dysfunction was not associated with the type of diabetes mellitus (GDM or PGDM) (p>0.05). The higher rate of anti-TPO titers was observed in pregnancies with PGDM compared to pregnancies with GDM; however, this difference was not statistically associated (p>0.05). All pregnant women with combined endocrinopathy delivered by cesarean section, and the most common neonatal complication observed was jaundice. Thyroid disorders are quite common during pregnancy complicated by diabetes mellitus. The study findings warrant routine screening for thyroid abnormalities in diabetic pregnant women. These women have increased rate of maternal and neonatal complications.

Examination of placental three-dimensional power Doppler indices and perinatal outcome in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction

Development of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can be traced back to maternal or fetal factors, but in many cases we find placental factors (reduced placental circulation) in the background. Our aim was to examine whether the reduced placental bloodperfusion and vascularity show any correlation with cesarean section frequency and the clinical outcome in IUGR pregnancies. The aim of the present study was also to use a properly calibrated and reproducible method for evaluating placental blood flow, that can later be incorporated into the routine examination. 254 women were recruited in our prospective case-control study. The 3 dimensional power Doppler (3DPD) ultrasound indices; vascularisation index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization flow index (VFI) were measured on each participant. Median VI was 3.7% (interquartile range [IQR] 3.2%-4.2%) in the IUGR group and 10.1% (IQR 8.6%-10.9%) in the control group (p = 0.001). Median FI value was 40.0 (IQR 39.7-42.5) in the IUGR group and 45.1 (IQR 44.1-53.1) in the control group (p = 0.012). Median VFI was 2.2 (IQR 2.1-2.4) in the IUGR group and 4.8 (IQR 4.4-5.3) in the control. The 3DPD indices may be useful for examining changes in circulation in IUGR pregnancies to characterize the underlying pathology. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(26): 1008-1013.

A Review of Outcomes in Pregnant Women with Portal Hypertension.

The course of pregnancy in a woman with portal hypertension is a difficult one as it is associated with complications like variceal bleeding, splenic artery rupture and coagulopathy. All these pose a threat to a woman's life. Although this condition is rare, every obstetrician should have a high index of suspicion when an antenatal mother presents with splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia or hematemesis. Hence, we aimed to review maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with portal hypertension. In a retrospective observational study, 41 women and 47 pregnancies were evaluated, from January 2000-December 2015 at Fernandez Hospital, a tertiary referral perinatal center. Maternal outcomes studied were variceal bleed during pregnancy, surgical procedures, morbidity and mortality. Neonatal variables were gestational age at delivery, birth weight and morbidities. Mean maternal age was 26.4years. Average gestational age at delivery was 36.5weeks. Mean birth weight was 2507.5g. There were three maternal deaths out of 47 deliveries, the cause of death was massive variceal bleed in one, the second one was due to cardiac arrest on MRI table, and the third death was due to splenic hilar vessel bleed. There was one stillbirth, and no neonatal deaths. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to improve perinatal outcomes in pregnancy complicated by portal hypertension. Surgical measures to reduce portal venous pressure done before pregnancy or beta blockers during pregnancy might help reduce sudden variceal bleeds.

Perinatal outcome in pregnancy with polyhydramnios in comparison with normal pregnancy in department of obstetrics at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

Objective: Polyhydramnios can lead to maternal and fetal complication during pregnancy, so diagnosis and management can decrease some perinatal complications.Study design: One hundred and fourteen singleton pregnancies were diagnosed with idiopathic polyhydramnios in the department of obstetrics at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences between January 2000 and January 2011 and were compared with 114 normal pregnancies for their perinatal outcome. Variables include birth weight, admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), meconium staining, respiratory distress, fetal death, neonatal death, low 1-min and 5-min APGAR score, primary cesarean section (C/S), preterm delivery (<37 weeks), postpartum bleeding, and placental abruption.Results: Low birth weight (<2500 g), macrosoma (>4000 g), NICU admission, fetal distress, fetal death, lower 1-min and 5-min APGAR score, preterm delivery, and neonatal death were higher in the case group. However, meconium staining and malpresentation were equal between the two groups. Except for prematurity and 1-min and 5-min APGAR scores, there were no significant differences in other maternal or fetal outcomes considering the severity of polyhydramnios.Conclusion: Idiopathic polyhydramnios should be considered as a high-risk pregnancy that warrants close surveillance. More studies should be done to detect the best time and interval of fetal surveillance in these patients. Chromosomal and torch studies can determine the definite cause of polyhydramnios.

Perinatal outcomes in multifetal pregnancy following fetal reduction.

There is currently insufficient evidence regarding the prognosis of multifetal pregnancy following elective fetal reduction to twin or singleton pregnancy. We compared perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with and without fetal reduction. We used data on all stillbirths and live births in British Columbia, Canada, from 2009 to 2013. We compared outcomes of multifetal pregnancies with fetal reduction (to twin or singleton pregnancy) with outcomes of pregnancies without fetal reduction. The primary outcome was a composite of serious neonatal morbidity or perinatal death. Other outcomes studied included preterm birth, low birth weight and small-for-gestational-age live birth. The rate of serious neonatal morbidity or perinatal death did not differ significantly between pregnancies reduced to twins and unreduced triplet pregnancies (adjusted rate ratio 0.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24-1.07) or between pregnancies reduced to singletons and unreduced twin pregnancies (adjusted rate ratio 1.57, 95% CI 0.74-3.33). The rate was significantly lower in the fetal reduction group reduced to twins versus unreduced triplet pregnancies when we restricted the analysis to pregnancies conceived following the use of assisted reproduction technologies (adjusted rate ratio 0.35, 95% CI 0.18-0.67). The rates of preterm birth, very preterm birth, low birth weight and very low birth weight were significantly lower among pregnancies reduced to twins than among unreduced triplet pregnancies. Compared with unreduced twin pregnancies, pregnancies reduced to singletons had lower rates of preterm birth and low birth weight. Fetal reduction to twins and singletons was not associated with a decreased risk of serious neonatal morbidity or perinatal death. However, such fetal reduction was associated with substantial improvements in several other perinatal outcomes, such as preterm birth and low birth weight. Clinicians discussing the risks associated with multifetal pregnancy should counsel parents on the potential risks and benefits of fetal reduction.

Impact of Antihypertensive Treatment on Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnancy Complicated by Chronic Hypertension: ASystematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BackgroundChronic hypertension complicates around 3% of all pregnancies. There is evidence that treating severe hypertension reduces maternal morbidity. This study aimed to systematically review randomized controlled trials of antihypertensive agents treating chronic hypertension in pregnancy to determine the effect of this intervention.Methods and ResultsMedline (via OVID), Embase (via OVID) and the Cochrane Trials Register were searched from their earliest entries until November 30, 2016. All randomized controlled trials evaluating antihypertensive treatments for chronic hypertension in pregnancy were included. Data were extracted and analyzed in Stata (version 14.1). Fifteen randomized controlled trials (1166 women) were identified for meta‐analysis. A clinically important reduction in the incidence of severe hypertension was seen with antihypertensive treatment versus no antihypertensive treatment/placebo (5 studies, 446 women; risk ratio 0.33, 95%CI 0.19‐0.56; I2 0.0%). There was no difference in the incidence of superimposed pre‐eclampsia (7 studies, 727 women; risk ratio 0.74, 95%CI 0.49‐1.11; I2 28.1%), stillbirth/neonatal death (4 studies, 667 women; risk ratio 0.37, 95%CI 0.11‐1.26; I2 0.0%), birth weight (7 studies, 802 women; weighted mean difference −60 g, 95%CI −200 to 80 g; I2 0.0%), or small for gestational age (4 studies, 369 women; risk ratio 1.01, 95%CI 0.53‐1.94; I2 0.0%) with antihypertensive treatment versus no treatment/placebo.ConclusionsAntihypertensive treatment reduces the risk of severe hypertension in pregnant women with chronic hypertension. A considerable paucity of data exists to guide choice of antihypertensive agent. Adequately powered head‐to‐head randomized controlled trials of commonly used antihypertensive agents are required to inform prescribing.

Effect of Increased Abdominal Circumference on Outcomes in Ultrasounds With Estimated Fetal Weight Greater Than 90% [2P

INTRODUCTION: Macrosomia is associated with increased perinatal complications. Avoiding poor outcomes is an important goal of obstetric care, yet prenatal diagnosis of macrosomia remains a challenge. Third trimester ultrasound can predict large for gestational age (LGA), but the accuracy is unreliable. We sought to evaluate whether increased abdominal circumference (AC), predicts poor perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with estimate fetal weight (EFW) greater than 90%. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of singleton pregnancies with EFW greater than 90% between 2006 and 2015. Exclusion criteria were lack of third trimester ultrasound, multiples and delivery outside of study institution. Primary outcome was cesarean delivery (CD). Secondary outcomes included 5 minute Apgar less than 7, NICU admission, LGA, shoulder dystocia, and composite of these 4. Demographics and outcomes were compared and adjusted for confounding factors. RESULTS: 360 pregnancies met eligibility criteria. Pregnancies with fetal AC greater than 90% were more than twice as likely to be LGA and have a poor composite outcome in adjusted and unadjusted analysis. They were twice as likely to have a CD in unadjusted analysis only. However, those with AC greater than 95% had an almost 3 times increased risk of CD, which remained significant on adjusted analysis. They were also 3 to 4 fold more likely to have each of the poor obstetric outcomes and had a higher mean birth weight, all still significant in adjusted analysis. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that large AC, specifically AC greater than 95%, conveys the greatest risk for LGA, poor perinatal outcomes and CD in this cohort.

Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnancies With a Low Fetal Fraction on Non Invasive Prenatal Testing [4N

INTRODUCTION: Placental-origin cell-free maternal DNA is known as the fetal fraction (FF). Low FF is a risk factor for aneuploidy, and may be a risk factor for poor perinatal outcome. Our objective was to evaluate the relation between low FF, and perinatal outcome. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of singleton pregnancies who had NIPT. We compared the maternal BMI, gestational age of delivery (GA), birth weight (BW), and composite perinatal morbidity (CPM) between patients with a FF &lt; 4% on NIPT (LFF), and those with a normal FF on their NIPT (NFF). The CPM was defined as the presence of any of the following complications: spontaneous abortion, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, abruption, IUFD, preterm birth, low BW, NICU admission, or neonatal death. RESULTS: 256 patients were included. 28 (10.9%) had LFF, while 228 (89.1%) had NFF. Median age was 35-years, and median GA was 39 weeks. The rate of CPM in the entire cohort was 26.5%. Median BMI was significantly higher in the LFF group (27.4 vs. 22.1 kg/m2; p&lt; .001). There were no significant differences in CPM, gestational age at delivery or BW. Among the 28 patients in the LFF group, median FF in cases with CPM was significantly lower than in cases without CPM (2.0% vs. 3.2%; p=.04). CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences in obstetric outcomes between the two groups. Within the LFF group, lower FFs were associated with a higher rate of CPM. Larger studies are necessary to evaluate the association between uncommon outcomes and FF.