Perinatal Hypoxic Brain Damage Research Articles

HISTORY OF PRETERM INFANTS WITH HYPOXIC BRAIN DAMAGE

Relevance. According to the experts of World Health Organization, diseases linked to perinatal hypoxic brain damage account for 70-80% of cases of childhood disability.
 This study aims to explore the historical records of heart rate and respiratory characteristics in preterm infants with hypoxic brain damage.
 Subjects and Methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 160 preterm infants categorized into three groups: group I comprised conditionally healthy children, group II included children with hypoxic-ischemic central nervous system lesions, and group III involved children with hypoxic-hemorrhagic central nervous system lesions.
 Results. The analysis of heart rate parameters according to the data of daily monitoring of electrocardiogram has revealed a positive dynamic of reduction of heterotopic activity and a significant (p<0.05) improvement in the functional state of the conduction system of the heart in all preterm infants aged 20-30 months after a course of timely rehabilitation therapy of hypoxic brain damage. The presence of periodic breathing with respiratory pauses in preterm patients in the neonatal period was established, and a significantly longer duration of apnea was found in children with hypoxic-hemorrhagic central nervous system damage. There has been found an inverse correlation of moderate strength between gestational age and the amount of apnea during the day. Throughout the observation period, there was a gradual establishment of the sleep profile and its structural characteristics, indicating a physiological consolidation process marked by a regular alternation of stable rhythm phases. However, in newborns with hypoxic brain damage, autonomic dysregulation of heart rhythm persisted in the form of hypersympathicotonia. This suggests a high level of electrical instability of the myocardium, underscoring the necessity for ongoing clinical monitoring.

Otoprotective Effect of Cortexin, Cogitum, and Elkar Administered Simultaneously with Netromycin in the Experiment.

We studied possible otoprotective effect of drugs widely used for the correction of perinatal hypoxic brain damage in premature infants. The experiments were carried out on immature rabbits with an immature hearing organ. The auditory function was assessed by DPOAE and ABR methods in intact animals and rabbits treated with therapeutic doses of netromycin alone or in combination with the drugs that normalize metabolic processes in the brain (Cortexin, Cogitum, Elkar, vitamin B2, ATP, and cocarboxylase). It was found that the administered drugs produced an otoprotective effect and reduced the severity, but did not eliminate the ototoxic effect.

SPECIFICS OF PSYCHOMOTOR DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN WITH DIFFERENT OUTCOMES OF PERINATAL HYPOXIC BRAIN INJURY

Aim. To analyse the psychomotor development of children with different outcomes of perinatal hypoxic brain injury and to assess the effectiveness of nootropic therapy in terms of formation of speech skills and cognitive activity. Materials and methods. The study included 136 children having suffered from asphyxia during labour and/or intrauterine hypoxia. The analysis of the neurological pathology and psychomotor development in the children was carried out during the first two years of their life. Neurological deficit was formed in 55 (40.4%) children; the remaining children exhibited functional disorders of the nervous system. The evaluation of the children’s psychomotor development was carried out using the Clinical Adaptive Test/Clinical Linguistic and Auditory Milestone Scale (CAT/ CLAMS). The level of motor development in the children with cerebral palsy was determined using the System for Assessing Global Motor Functions. Results. Functional disorders of the nervous system were manifested in the hyperactivity syndrome, tempo-retarded development and dissociation of speech, cognitive and motor functions. The global nature of hypoxic brain damage in children with neurological deficit determined the predominance of severe disorders in motor functions, cognitive activity and speech development. According to the study, neurological deficit was more often formed in premature babies, but severe impairments in motor functions due to pronounced destructive changes in the brain prevailed in mature babies. The study showed the effectiveness of nootropic drugs in children with functional disorders of the nervous system, as well as in children with neurological deficit without pronounced structural changes in the brain. Conclusion. An analysis of psychomotor development and assessment of the effectiveness of nootropic therapy in young children with perinatal hypoxic brain damage allows the adequacy of the rehabilitation for correction of the revealed violations to be determined.

The effect of low-dose intravenous bisphosphonate treatment on osteoporosis in children with quadriplegic cerebral palsy.

PurposeQuadriplegic children with cerebral palsy are more susceptible to osteoporosis because of various risk factors that interfere with bone metabolism. Pamidronate is effective for pediatric osteoporosis, but there are no guidelines for optimal dosage or duration of treatment in quadriplegic children with osteoporosis. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of low-dose pamidronate treatment in these patients.MethodsTen quadriplegic patients on antiepileptic drugs (6 male, 4 female patients; mean age, 10.9±5.76 years), with osteoporosis and gross motor function classification system level V, were treated with pamidronate (0.5–1.0 mg/kg/day, 2 consecutive days) every 3–4 months in a single institution. The patients received oral supplements of calcium and vitamin D before and during treatment. The lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) z score and biochemical markers of bone metabolism were measured regularly during treatment.ResultsThe main underlying disorder was perinatal hypoxic brain damage (40%, 4 of 10). The mean cumulative dose of pamidronate was 4.49±2.22 mg/kg/yr, and the mean treatment period was 10.8±3.32 months. The BMD z score of the lumbar spine showed a significant increase from −4.22±1.24 before treatment to −2.61±1.69 during treatment (P=0.008). Alkaline phosphatase decreased during treatmentn (P=0.037). Significant adverse drug reactions and new fractures were not reported.ConclusionLow-dose pamidronate treatment for quadriplegic children with cerebral palsy increased lumbar BMD and reduced the incidence of fracture.

The acute and delayed effects of perinatal hypoxic brain damage in children and in model experiments with rodents

Perinatal hypoxia is an important factor that has a negative influence on the development of the central nervous system. Children who experience perinatal hypoxia are characterized by disturbances of locomotor functions, decreased learning abilities, attention disorder, hyperactivity, increased anxiety, and other cognitive impairments. The consequences of perinatal hypoxia are actively studied in experiments with animals. It has been shown that hypoxia triggers a cascade of biochemical and molecular processes, such as energy insufficiency, depolarization of membranes, an increase in the release of mediators and suppression of their reuptake, an increase in the intracellular calcium level, and production of free radicals, which damage neurons and induce neurodegeneration and cell death. Simultaneously, compensatory-adaptive mechanisms that increase the resistance of the body to an oxygen deficit also begin to function in hypoxia. Further studies on the consequences of neonatal hypoxia in experiments with animals are necessary for the elucidation of the mechanisms of the acute and delayed effects of hypoxia, as well as for development of effective means for the correction of the negative consequences of perinatal hypoxia in clinics.

P.7.a.005 - Long-term consequences in model of mild perinatal hypoxic brain damage in albino rat pups

P.7.a.005 - Long-term consequences in model of mild perinatal hypoxic brain damage in albino rat pups

Hypoglossal hypoplasia and hyperplasia of the area postrema following perinatal hypoxic brain damage

We report here an autopsy case of perinatal hypoxic brain damage showing hypoglossal hypoplasia and hyperplasia of the area postrema (AP) in the medulla oblongata. A 16-year-old girl who suffered from severe psychomotor developmental delay, epilepsy and tongue fasciculation, was shown by pathology to have a medullary change, as well as tongue atrophy and severe sclerotic changes in the cerebrum and cerebellum. Moderate to severe neuronal loss and gliosis were found in the brainstem. But neurons were preserved in the trigeminal nuclei, abducens nucleus and dorsal vagal nucleus. We performed a preliminary immunohistochemical analysis of sections of the medulla oblongata in our case, normal controls and disease controls with perinatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The normal and disease controls showed neither hypoglossal hypoplasia nor AP hyperplasia. The combination of hypoglossal hypoplasia and AP hyperplasia is unique and intriguing, and further analysis of the AP is required to understand developmental brain disorders.

Non-specific factors of perinatal hypoxic brain damage prognosis of newborns

Non-specific factors of perinatal hypoxic brain damage prognosis of newborns

In utero and perinatal hypoxic brain damage

The SA Journal of Radiology is the official journal of the Radiological Society of South Africa and the Professional Association of Radiologists in South Africa and Namibia. The SA Journal of Radiology is a general diagnostic radiological journal which carries original research and review articles, pictorial essays, case reports, letters, editorials, radiological practice and other radiological articles.

Cytopathology of an unusual case of centronuclear myopathy: Light- and electron-microscopic investigations

The results of enzyme-histochemical and electron-microscopic investigations of a patient with centronuclear myopathy combined with targets, cores and prevalence of type-I fibers are presented. The patient had suffered from perinatal hypoxic brain damage, causing enlargement of the ventricular system, slight frontal atrophy and right-sided hemiparesis. Morphologic investigation of muscle fibers demonstrated dynamic activity of an autophagic system represented by a distinct increase of Golgi components adhering to the nuclear surface. By analysing the lytic events and their sequences, a postnatal secondary migration of subsarcolemmal nuclei to the central regions of muscle fibers can be postulated.

Biology of Brain Dysfunction

Gaull has commissioned a number of neuroscientists to review various areas of basic research in brain disease. In order to decrease the timelapse between writing and publication, a book is issued whenever sufficient contributions accumulate. This third volume in the series has development neurobiology as its predominant theme, with chapters on intrauterine brain infections, perinatal hypoxic brain damage, congenital brain malformations, and inborn errors of amino acid metabolism and of other organic acid metabolism. The volume also reviews slow viral infections, the effects of brain irradiation, the neural effects of certain vitamin deficiencies, and biological aspects of depression and mania. Of special distinction is the clear, short, authoritative review of Wilson disease by Scheinberg and Sternlieb, who point out that this recessively inherited complex disorder of copper accumulation can appear clinically as liver failure; or as hemolytic anemia if the liver suddenly discharges its copper overload; or, as a neurological