Peri Urban Research Articles

Contamination Alters the Physicochemical and Textural Characteristics of Clays in the Sediments of the Peri Urban Reconquista River, Affecting the Associated Indigenous Microorganisms

The physicochemical and textural characteristics of river sediments and, essentially, their clays, are at the center of a network of biological and geochemical factors that are mutually modifying. Therefore, the contamination, the characteristics of the clays, and the associated microorganisms strongly influence each other. In this work, sediments from two sites of the urban Reconquista River, near Buenos Aires City, Argentina, exposed to different environmental contexts were characterized. The huge differences in the organic matter content in the vertical profile between both sediments strongly evidenced the polluted status of San Francisco (SF) site as opposed to the Dique Roggero (DR) site. Thorough physicochemical and textural characterization of the sediments and their clay fraction performed by pH, Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), spectrophotometry, XRD, laser diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, EDS, and SEM measurements revealed that organic matter (DR: 41 ± 5 g kg−1; SF: 150 ± 30 g kg−1) intervened in the retention of heavy metals (DR: 5.6 mg kg−1 Zn, 7 mg kg−1 Cu, 3.1 kg−1 Cr; SF: 240 mg kg−1 Zn, 60 mg kg−1 Cu, 270 mg kg−1 Cr) and affected the level of association and the formation of mineral–organic aggregates (DR: 15 ± 3 μm; SF: 23 ± 4 μm). This can be decisive in the surface interaction required for the establishment of bacterial assemblages, which determine the biogeochemical processes occurring in sediments and have a key role in the fate of contaminants in situ and in the remediation processes that need to be applied to restore the anoxic contaminated sediments.

Association of Fecal Contamination and WASH Conditions in a Zambian Peri Urban Community

Association of Fecal Contamination and WASH Conditions in a Zambian Peri Urban Community

Questing tick abundance in urban and peri-urban parks in the French city of Lyon

BackgroundIn Europe, ticks are responsible for the transmission of several pathogens of medical importance, including bacteria of the Borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.) complex, the agents of Lyme borreliosis. In France, the Auvergne Rhône-Alpes region is considered a hot spot for human tick-borne pathogen infections, with an estimated annual rate of 156 cases of Lyme borreliosis per 100,000 inhabitants. Although several studies have assessed the abundance of ticks in rural areas, little consideration has been given thus far to urban green spaces in France.MethodsThis study aimed to estimate tick abundance in three parks, two urban (U1, U2) and one peri-urban (PU), in and around the city of Lyon (France). A forest in a rural area was used as a control (C). Tick sampling campaigns were performed in each site in April, May, June, July, and October 2019 using the dragging method. One hundred transects of 10 m2 each were randomly chosen in each park in places frequented by humans. The sampling sessions were carried out under semi-controlled abiotic conditions. Ticks were stored in 70% ethanol and identified to species and developmental stage under a light microscope using morphological keys.ResultsA total of seven ticks (nymphs and adults) were collected in the two urban parks (six in U1 and one in U2), while 499 ticks were sampled in the peri-urban park. Of the 506 ticks collected, 504 were identified as Ixodes ricinus, one as Dermacentor marginatus, and one as Ixodes frontalis. In the peri-urban park, ticks were mainly collected under the forest cover and at forest edges. Tick density under forest cover was 7.1 times higher in the control site than in the peri-urban park throughout the survey period.ConclusionsThis study confirmed the presence of ticks in all of the parks surveyed, although their occurrence in the urban parks was very rare compared to the peri-urban park and the control site. These results should serve as a basis for the implementation of preventive measures.Graphical

Study of Maternal and Fetal Outcome Following Term Prelabour Rupture of Membrane in a Peri Urban Tertiary Care Centre

Background: Prelabour rupture of membrane at term accounts for 2-10% incidence. It is associated withsignificant maternal and fetal complications if not timely managed. Early complications include cordprolapse, cord compression and placental abruption and delayed complications include chorioamnionitis,maternal and fetal sepsis. The present study was undertaken to study the labour outcome following activemanagement of term prelabour rupture of membrane and associated maternal and fetal outcome.Method: Cases of spontaneous rupture of membranes with singleton pregnancy with gestational age >37weeks with confirmed PROM by a speculum examination were selected. A detailed history was taken andgestational age confirmed, general, systemic and obstetric examinations were done. Non stress tests andblood investigations were sent to rule out sepsis. All patients received prophylactic antibiotics. After takingconsent, induction of labour was done with oral misoprostol and maternal vitals were recorded four hourlyand fetal heart rate was recorded for variability. Induction to delivery interval was recorded and maternal andfetal outcome following PROM was noted.Results: PROM was more common in primigravida. Majority of women were admitted within 12 hoursof PROM (87.83%). Recurrent episodes of urinary tract infection was found a significant cause for PROM(33.78%). Patient delivered vaginally with 55.40%. Post delivery complications included post partum sepsisin 12.16%. No maternal mortality was noted. Neonatal sepsis was seen in 6 babies (8.10%).Conclusion: PROM is associated with many maternal and fetal complications which can be reduced byeducating the women to have regular antenatal check up and early recognition of urinary and genital tractinfection, and treat appropriately and to report at the earliest in case of rupture of membrane for timelymanagement to reduce maternal and fetal morbidities and mortalities.

Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Cattle (Bos Taurus) Kept in Peri Urban Areas of Pakistan

Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Cattle (Bos Taurus) Kept in Peri Urban Areas of Pakistan

Avian assemblage along an urban gradient: diversity, abundance and richness

Abstract Diversity in avian assemblages of urban (UR), peri-urban (PE) and rural (RU) areas was studied to explore variations in the avian community dynamics in rural – urban gradient. For this purpose, sampling was done from September 2013 to August 2015. A total of 35 sites, each covering an area of 300 m2 were sampled by using point count method. At each site, randomly three points (minimally 5 m apart from each other) were selected to study the birds. According to data, species richness (F2, 32=47.18, P<0.001) varied significantly along a rural-urban gradient. A significant difference in avian density per sampling site (F2, 32=105.41, P<0.001) was also observed along urbanization gradient. In PE and RU areas, avian assemblages were more diverse than UR areas. Among avian guilds, omnivores were the most abundant in UR while insectivores in PE areas. Frugivores and carnivores were abundant in RU areas. Granivores were recorded in all habitats with similar diversity. A close association was recorded in bird density of RU and PE areas than UR areas. Bird species richness and diversity showed negative correlation with built area and positive correlation with vegetation cover in an area.

Palm Coein Figo Classification System for Causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) in Non Gravid Women of Reproductive Age Group in a Peri Urban Tertiary Care Hospital

Palm Coein Figo Classification System for Causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) in Non Gravid Women of Reproductive Age Group in a Peri Urban Tertiary Care Hospital

Epidemiological and Therapeutic Aspects of Obstetric Fistula in The Peri Urban Area of Butembo in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Epidemiological and Therapeutic Aspects of Obstetric Fistula in The Peri Urban Area of Butembo in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Acceptance and Impact of Millet-Based Mid-Day Meal on the Nutritional Status of Adolescent School Going Children in a Peri Urban Region of Karnataka State in India.

The study assessed the potential for use of millets in mid-day school meal programs for better nutritional outcomes of children in a peri-urban region of Karnataka, India, where children conventionally consumed a fortified rice-based mid-day meal. For a three-month period, millet-based mid-day meals were fed to 1500 adolescent children at two schools, of which 136 were studied as the intervention group and were compared with 107 other children in two other schools that did not receive the intervention. The intervention design was equivalent to the parallel group, two-arm, superiority trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio. The end line allocation ratio was 1.27:1 due to attrition. It was found that there was statistically significant improvement in stunting (p = 0.000) and the body mass index (p = 0.003) in the intervention group and not in the control group (p = 0.351 and p = 0.511, respectively). The sensory evaluation revealed that all the millet-based menu items had high acceptability, with the highest scores for the following three items: finger millet idli, a steam cooked fermented savory cake; little and pearl millet bisi belle bath, a millet-lentil hot meal; and upma, a pearl and little millet-vegetable meal. These results suggest significant potential for millets to replace or supplement rice in school feeding programs for improved nutritional outcomes of children.

The Effects of Urban and Peri Urban Livestock Production on Groundwater Quality in Potiskum, Yobe State, Nigeria

This study looked at the effects of solid waste dumpsites on groundwater quality of Potiskum yobe State, Nigeria. Water samples were collected from twenty-five (25) different hand dug wells and boreholes in strategic areas that have major dumpsites in Potiskum town. Soil sample as well were also collected from dumpsite close to each water points during rainy season. Coordinates of both water points and dumpsites were taken using handheld GPS to determine their respective location and the distances between each were measured in meters. Physico-chemical properties of water samples were tested in laboratory, while heavy metal properties were also tested for soils in the dumpsite and water as well. The pollutants assessed include, Biological Oxygen Demand, (BOD) Total Dissolved Solid, (TDS), Chemical Oxygen Demand, (COD) Chloride, Total Hardness, Colour, pH, Magnesium, Zinc, Iron, Chromium and Lead. Descriptive research design method was used for the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tools such as percentage computation, frequency distribution table. From the findings of the research it was discovered that many wells and boreholes in the study area that are located close to the dumpsites (<50 meters) have levels of high concentration of pollutants of both physico- chemical and heavy metals. This mean that all water points close to dumpsites are highly polluted compared to wells and boreholes far from dumpsites > 50m. From the laboratory analysis conducted it was discovered that TDS has the highest physico-chemical concentration of 230.00 less than the world standard concentration, while COD and BOD were not detected in the water sample. Nitrite had the highest heavy metal concentration of 33.00, magnesium with 0.980, Iron with 4.900, Cadmium with 0.84, Lead 2.20 are all above the water drinking standard of WHO.

Hungry cities: how local food self-sufficiency relates to climate change, diets, and urbanisation

Using a newly developed model approach and combining it with remote sensing, population, and climate data, first insights are provided into how local diets, urbanisation, and climate change relates to local urban food self-sufficiency. In plain terms, by utilizing the global peri-urban (PU) food production potential approximately 1bn urban residents (30% of global urban population) can be locally nourished, whereby further urbanisation is by far the largest pressure factor on PU agriculture, followed by a change of diets, and climate change. A simple global food transport model which optimizes transport and neglects differences in local emission intensities indicates that CO2 emissions related to food transport can be reduced by a factor of 10.

Farmstead Planning of Commercial Dairy Farms in Urban and Peri Urban Areas of South Gujarat

An investigation was carried to study the ways of farmstead planning by commercial dairy farmers in and around Navsari city of South Gujarat. For this purpose 20 each dairy farms in urban and peri urban area were selected randomly. The required information was collected through personal interview, observation and assessments methods Data were analyzed by suitable statistical techniques revealed that few farmers (12.5%) had open area and feeding alley in their animal shed. About 30 per cent farms had more scientific water bowl system in animal shed. Almost all the respondents had pucca manger in animal shed. Housing dimensions of the farms under study revealed that majority of farms had constructed their livestock shed by keeping the standard in their mind. Average length, width and height of shed were 21.01, 8.55 and 3.17 meter, respectively. Average space provided was 4.73 m2 per adult unit which was near to the standard space requirement per adult animal. Most of farms had adopted the manger height and width as per BIS recommendation; however, very shallow mangers were provided by farmers. Majority of respondents kept the dimensions of water trough nearer to BIS standard. Majority of the (75%) respondents had even surface in their animal shed, 70 per cent had grooved surface, 52.5 per cent had well sloped and 60 per cent uniform without crack. The planning of farmstead in both regions was nonsignificant in most aspects.

Cancer Screening and Consumption of Leafy Vegetables Among a Peri Urban Community of Nairobi Metropolis

Cancer is an increasing health burden in the developing world. Diet and early cancer screening have been shown to be among the few measures that could either prevent or enable early detection hence higher chances of cure. Consumption of at least five servings of vegetables per day has been recommended in order to combat cancer and other non-communicable diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the consumption of green leafy vegetables and cancer screening. This study was cross-sectional in design which used a structured questionnaire to get quantitative information. Random sampling was used to get 439 households which participated through one respondent. The method used was interviewer administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) over a week’s period and a demographics and economics questionnaire. Data was computed using the SPPS V. 16 software. Association was done using chi-square analysis individuals were interviewed on cancer screening. Significance level was at 95% or a P=0.05.The prevalence of cancer in the area was at 4%. More females (23%) than males (14%) went for cancer screening. There was a significant association between gender and cancer screening (χ28.034, df=1, P=0.005). There was also a significant association between occupation and cancer screening (χ228.158, df =6, P=0.000). The most daily consumed leafy vegetables were kales (18.72%), spinach (16.44%) and cabbages (5.71%). Consumption frequency of vegetables that were associated with cancer screening include: broccoli (P=0.00,Cl(0.000-0.001), kales(P=0.01,Cl(0.009-0.015), mushroom P=0.02,Cl(0.014-0.021), Spinach P=0.00,Cl(0.001-0.003) and pumpkin P=0.02Cl(0.019-0.027).The demographics associated with cancer screening were found to be gender and occupation. The vegetable consumption frequency that was associated with cancer screening includes: broccoli, kales, mushroom, spinach and pumpkin leaves.

BIODIVERSITY STUDY OF LAKE SHORELINES OF BENGALURU PERI URBAN AREA AND ITS MANAGEMENT.

21Sep 2018 BIODIVERSITY STUDY OF LAKE SHORELINES OF BENGALURU PERI URBAN AREA AND ITS MANAGEMENT. Bheemappa K andNandini N Professor and Research Scholar, Department of Environmental Science, Bangalore University, Bengaluru 560056, Karnataka, India.

The Development of Housing Model Constructs to Measure the Well-Being of the Residents in Peri Urban Area of Klang-Langat Valley Extended Metropolitan Region, Malaysia

This article aims to develop and analyse a model for the well-being of the people living in the peri urban area based on the housing constructs. A total of 1000 respondents consisting of heads of household living in the Extended Metropolitan Region (EMR) of the Klang -Langat Valley were randomly selected as the study samples. The data were analysed using the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) method, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM). The findings showed that only three sub-constructs (i) facilities, (ii) area selection, and (iii) security out of nine items of housing constructs with high validity values in which the CR exceeded 0.7. These findings showed that the measurement model built met the measurement criteria for measuring the well-being of the suburbs. The implication of this study is an important opportunity for people living in the rural areas as it plays role in improving their living standards. The growth in the housing aspect shows a positive growth for the development of the suburban areas in ensuring people's well-being.

Incidence and short term outcomes of neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in a Peri Urban teaching hospital, Uganda: a prospective cohort study

BackgroundHypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy carries high case fatality rates ranging between 10–60%, with 25% of survivors have an adverse long-term neurodevelopment outcome. Despite the above, there is paucity of data regarding its magnitude and short term outcomes in a low resource setting like Uganda. Therefore we set out to determine the incidence and short term outcomes of Newborns with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy at St.Francis Hospital, Nsambya.MethodsThis was a Prospective Cohort study conducted between October 2015 and January 2016 at St. Francis Hospital, Nsambya, Kampala- Uganda. Term Newborn babies were enrolled. Umbilical cord arterial blood gas analysis was done for Newborns with low Apgar scores at 5 min. Clinical examination was done on all newborns within 48 h of life, for features of encephalopathy. Neonates with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy were followed up by a daily clinical examination and a short term outcome was recorded on day seven.ResultsThe incidence of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy was 30.6 cases per 1000 live births. The majority, 10 (43.5%) had mild Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy, followed by 8 (34.8%), 5 (21.7%) that had moderate and severe Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy respectively. A total of (6) 26% died, and (15) 65.2% were discharged within 1 week. Lack of a nutritive suckling reflex (nasogastric feeding), poor Moro reflex, and requirement for respiratory support (oxygen therapy by nasal prongs) were the common complications by day seven.ConclusionsThe burden of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy is high with a case fatality rate of 26%. There is need to conduct a longitudinal study to determine the long term complications of HIE.

Industrialization Impact on Worker Mobility and Land Use in Peri Urban Area (Case study of Semarang District, Indonesia)

In many cases, industrialization has stimulated the urbanization process massively. It tends to attract substantial number of labor migrants from nearby region to fulfill the demand of workers. The paper reports the research result of industrialization phenomena in Semarang district, Indonesia. It carried out the survey by taking 250 samples of migrant workers. The result shows that the presence of labor-intensive industries becomes the most influence factor for many migrants, rather than the driving factors from the place of origin. The attraction factor could cover regional and across the province force, as indicated that all migrant respondents come from both inside and outside of Central Java Province. Furthermore, based on the land-use distribution of the migrant settlement area, it indicates a growing land-use change, both of land cover and land functions.

Water and Sanitation in Rural Communities: The Role of Women in the Brong Ahafo Region, Ghana

The Government of Ghana with the support of Agence Francaise de Developement (AFD) implemented the Peri Urban, Rural and Small-Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project (RSTWSSP) in the Brong Ahafo Region. The objective was to increase the rate of access to water and sanitation facilities through the provision of boreholes and encouraging Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) to rural communities, thereby improving the health status of the target population. This paper examines the Information, Education and Communication (IEC Asutifi district having thirty-two (32) communities, Sunyani West seventeen (17), Tano North eighteen (18), Tano South fourteen (14), and Sunyani Municipal fifteen (15) communities. This paper outlines the outcome of activities carried out between November 2011 to March 2012 in all communities as outlined in the project. 1.Reconstitution of WATSAN Committees. 2. Educating WATSANs on their clear roles and responsibilities and encouraging them to perform. 3.Gender perspectives of WATSANs to reconstituted in all the communities. 4. Increased women in executive positions in WATSANs.5. Representation of ethnic groups in sections of community were agreed. (if any) 6. Fund mobilization strategies were designed on community specific. 7.Caretakers and Vendors were and trained and the WATSAN handbooks were handed over to them to be used as their tool. 8.The WATSAN committees were tasked to work in the area of assisting communities to institute sustainable strategies in funding the maintenance and repairs of their water facility. 9. Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) were promoted in all beneficiary communities to eradicate open defecation and promote construction of household latrines, using the CLTS training modules. 10.The WATSAN committees were tasked to assist with their communities’ in dealing effectively with water and sanitation issues. The project provided opportunities as a deliberate policy to include women/children in all the stages of the IE&C program because they were recognized as the sole insurers of family hygiene and sanitation practices. If they suffer from various diseases or bear germs, it was likely to be transmitted to the food they cook, the clothes they touch and also to the family affecting the future generation.

Perceptions and Practices of Herbicide Use among Peri Urban Vegetable Farmers in Selected Hubs of the Accra Plains

Perceptions and Practices of Herbicide Use among Peri Urban Vegetable Farmers in Selected Hubs of the Accra Plains

Constraint Analysis of Fish Processing in Peri Urban Areas of National Capital Region

Constraint Analysis of Fish Processing in Peri Urban Areas of National Capital Region