Pergularia Daemia Research Articles

RETRACTION: Assessment of Anticancer Activity: A Comparison of Dose–response Effect of Ethyl Acetate and Methanolic Extracts of Pergularia Daemia (Forsk)

RETRACTION: Assessment of Anticancer Activity: A Comparison of Dose–response Effect of Ethyl Acetate and Methanolic Extracts of <scp><i>Pergularia Daemia</i></scp> (Forsk)

Insights of Pergularia daemia in Neurodegenerative Conditions: An Overview.

As a growing cause of mortality and morbidity, neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are becoming increasingly prevalent throughout the world, particularly among elderly people. The symptoms of Huntington’s disease and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are characterized by the loss of neurons and the degeneration of neurons. Neurodegenerative diseases are understood to have several causes, but their causes remain a mystery. It is important to note that there are many approved drug regimens for NDs, which can be used to treat symptoms but cannot heal the condition. It may be possible to utilize natural products to prevent and treat NDs in a very positive way. Several perennial herbs grow along Indian roadsides, including Pergularia daemia (Asclepiadaceae). Thespecies can be found widely in tropical and subtropical regions. Natural medicine has developed a significant interest in this plant species, which is rich in flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, and terpenoids. Several chronic diseases, including cancer, arthritis, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders, have been successfully treated with these secondary metabolites. Aside from this, they have notable pharmacological properties, including analgesic, anorectic, and antioxidant properties. This review provides a synthesis of existing knowledge regarding the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of P. daemia, emphasizing its potential as a natural medicine source.

Further Studies in the Pollination of some Indian Asclepiads

Mechanism of pollination, attachment of pollinia with various body parts of insect visitors of order hymenoptera and lepidoptera and their role in pollination of a few asclepiads, viz. Asclepias curassavica L., Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br, Wattakaka volubilis (L.) Stapf. Leptadenia reticulata R.Br., Sarcostemma (Oxystelma) secamone (L.) Bennett. and Pergularia daemia (Forsk) Blatt. has been discussed. However, autophily by insu germination of Pollinia in three genera, viz., Hemidesmus indicus Br. Gymnema sylvestre Br. and Tylophora hirsuta (Burm f.) Merr. has been reported for the first time in family Asclepiadaceae.

Effect of Pergularia daemia (Forssk) and Momordica charantia L. (bitter gourd) leaf extracts on some enteric bacterial species

Medicinal plants are potential sources of new antimicrobial molecules. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of Pergularia daemia (Forssk) and Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) leaf extracts on some enteric bacterial species. Plant leaves were collected from Kerker village of Jos East Local Government Area of Plateau State. Plants were identified, the leaves were shade-dried, pulverized into fine powder. Proximate analysis was carried out using AOAC methods. Extracts were obtained through cold maceration techniques. The extracts were used for phytochemical screening; antibacterial activity was carried out using well diffusion methods. Minimum inhibitory concentration and maximum bactericidal concentration was determined using broth dilution method. The results of proximate analysis showed that the plants powder were rich in carbohydrates, M. charantia 55.59± 0.02 and P. daemia 31.38 ± 0.03, followed by crude fiber and crude fat 19. 62± 0.04 and 16.69± 0.22 in P. daemia compared to 10.66 ± 0.03 and 10.78± 0.03 in M. charantia while ash content and moisture were moderate with 12.86±0.12 in M. charantia and 7.53 ± 0.02 in P. daemia. The phytochemicals showed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids in all plant extracts. The antibacterial activity showed that the extracts have a broad spectrum of activity on the test organisms as compared to the standard drug gentamicin. There was a significant difference at p&lt;0.05. Shigella flexneri was the most susceptible to methanolic and aqueous extracts with 22.53± 0.10 at 500 mg/ml as compared to standard drug gentamicin 32.33± 0.18, followed by E. coli with 21.13± 0.13 at 500 mg/ml as compared to the control 29.60±0.15 and Salmonella typhi with 20.47±0.14 at the concentration of 500 mg/ml as compared to standard drug with 38.50±0.36. The results of minimum inhibitory concentration showed that Shigella flexneri was the most susceptible with the MIC of 31.25 mg/ml and 62.5 mg/ml for both methanolic and aqueous extracts of P. daemia while salmonella typhi was the most susceptible with the MIC of 62.5 mg/ml and 125 mg/ml for M. charantia respectively. The presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins and terpenoids showed that the plants leaves have antibacterial activity. The results of this study support the use of these plants as therapeutic agents for diarrhoea caused by S. flexneri and E. coli.

Anti-asthmatic effect of aerial parts of Pergularia daemia through broncho-relaxation, mast cell stabilization, and decreasing bronchial hyperreactivity in experimental animals

Anti-asthmatic effect of aerial parts of Pergularia daemia through broncho-relaxation, mast cell stabilization, and decreasing bronchial hyperreactivity in experimental animals

Anticataract effects of Pergularia daemia leaf on in-vitro glucose induced goat eye lens model

Background The primary factors contributing to the development of cataracts in diabetes mellitus are the generation of free radicals and oxidative stress. It is widely recognized that the progression of cataracts can be attenuated by the presence of antioxidants. The prospect of utilizing natural plants as a source of antioxidants is highly promising. Objectives In order to determine the antioxidant activity of MDA level, Catalase activity, and Total protein level as well as to evaluate the morphological changes in goat eye lens, we investigated the anticataract effects of Pergularia daemia leaf on an in vitro glucose-induced goat eye lens model. Material and methods Six groups of 36 each were created out of lenses. ‘Normal Control’ (5.5 mM) constituted Group I. The remaining five groups used glucose (55 mM) to create an experimental diabetic cataract. Group II: ‘ Disease Control‘ (experimental, untreated diabetic cataract lenses). Enalpril 12 ng/ml and 55 mM glucose make up Group III. Lenses treated with a 250 μg/ml extract of Pergularia daemia leaves were placed in group IV. Lenses treated with a 500 μg/ml preparation of Pergularia daemia leaves, group V. Lenses treated with a 1000 μg/ml extract of Pergularia daemia leaves are in Group VI. Malondialdehyde, a marker of lipid peroxidation, catalase activity, and total proteins were among the biochemical factors found in lens homogenates that were examined. In each group, the morphology of the lenses was compared. Results The antioxidant enzyme activity, preservation of total proteins, catalase levels, and reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly increased in Pergularia daemia. Additionally, the methanolic extracts of Pergularia daemia leaves effectively delayed the development of opacity in the lenses while maintaining their shape. Conclusion The in-vitro glucose-induced goat eye lens model demonstrated anti-oxidant and anticataract capabilities as well as the preservation of lens shape in an anticataract study.

An analysis of Heptoprotective effects of plant extract on albino rats by Deep Learning analysis using ResNet and VGG16 algorithms

The hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of Terminalia catappa L. and Pergularia daemia hydroalcoholic extracts in albino rats with CCl4-induced liver damage (HAETC and HAEPD, respectively). The extracts significantly reduced the harm induced by CCl4 when given orally at a dosage of 200mg/kg. They also showed strong hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties. Wistar albino rats in good health were divided into seven groups, each with six animals. Group I acted as the control and received no treatment, whereas Group II was given 30% CCl4 (1ml/kg, intraperitoneally) to cause hepatotoxicity. After administering Silymarin (25 mg/kg, orally) as per protocol, Group III underwent CCl4 therapy. The CCl4-induced rats showed significant reductions in antioxidant enzymes like SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), as well as increases in serum marker enzymes like SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase (ALK), ACP, LDH, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) activity. However, rats given HAEPD and HAETC showed significant improvements, returning these parameters to levels that are almost normal (P 0.001).The hepatoprotective and antioxidant benefits of Terminalia catappa L. (HAETC) and Pergularia daemia (HAEPD) against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats were further validated by histopathological analysis of liver tissues. It encourages the use of pre-trained CNN architectures, such as VGG16 and ResNet (Residual Network), in the proposed method, which uses convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for histopathological image analysis to assess the hepatoprotective properties of Pergularia daemia and Terminalia catappa L. leaf extracts against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. These well-known CNN models may be modified for precise and effective histopathological image interpretation, assisting in the evaluation of the impact of plant extracts on liver health.

In-vitro Antisickling Activity of Pergularia daemia, Canna indica and Petiveria alliacea Plants used in the Treatment of Sickle Cell Anaemia in Edo State, Nigeria

Sickle cell disease is a genetic blood disorder that affects the shape and transportation of the red blood cells (RBCs) in blood vessels, leading to various clinical complications. Available medicines for treating the disease are insufficiently effective, toxic or expensive. Therefore, there has been a pressing need for effective and inexpensive therapeutic agents from indigenous medicinal plants. Petiveria alliacea, Canna indica and Pergularia daemia, respectively were evaluated for their cationic constituents as a measure for their antisickling activity in sickle cell anaemia disorder. The three medicinal plants were extracted separately with methanol solvent using maceration method for 72 hours. The extracts were concentrated using a rotary evaporator (Model RE, 200, USA). Phytochemical screenings were conducted using standard method, while other portions of the extract were subjected to dry ash digestion for determination of mineral elements by emission flame photometry (EFP) and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Evaluation of the antisickling activity of the extracts was done using the sodium metabisulphite (SMBS) test. Eugenol, terpenoids and alkaloids were present in the three plant extracts, while K+ values recorded for Petiveria alliacea, Canna indica and Pergularia daemia were 54.30 mg kg–1, 180.10 mg kg–1 and 28.30 mg kg–1, respectively. Other mineral elements detected in the three plants were Cu2+, Zn2+, Fe2+ and Mg2+. The leaves extract of Canna indica and Pergularia daemia at high dose of 300 µg/mL caused significant reductions of sickle red blood cells from 15% to 6% and 15% to 1%, respectively at 90 minutes of the antisickling test. The research confirmed that extracts of both Canna indica and Pergularia daemia used in this study have significant antisickling properties in invitro studies than Petiveria alliacea.&#x0D; Keywords: Antisickling activity, Petiveria alliacea, Canna indica, Pergularia daemia, sickle cell, phytochemicals, minerals

An Updated Review on Medicinal Plants with Hepato-protective Activity

Many precious medicines from traditional medicinal plants can be produced using a phototherapeutic approach to modern drug research. Finding pure phytochemicals that can be used as medicines requires time and money. The treatment of liver problems involves the use of numerous herbs and polyherbal mixtures. However, the treatments are ineffective in the majority of severe instances. Even though many of these plants and mixtures were subjected to experimental evaluations, the research was frequently insufficient and uncompleted. It was found that the therapeutic effects were evaluated in animals with subclinical liver damage brought on by a few substances. Antioxidants included in common foods can offer this kind of defence against liver damage brought on by hazardous substances’ oxidative processes. Therefore, hepato-protective natural products such as Phyllanthus amarus, Silybum marianum, Solanum nigrum, Tephrosia purpurea, Eclipta alba, Cichorium intybus, Phyllanthus Niruri, Centella asiatica, Capparis spinosa, Terminalia arjuna, Cassia occidentalis, Fumaria parviflora, Embelia ribes, Boerhaavia diffusa, Tamarix gallica, Achillea millefolium, Terminalia chebula, Ocimum sanctum, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Foeniculum vulgare, Garcinia mangostana, Acacia Catechu, Pergularia daemia, Annona squamosa, Flacourtia indica. The goal of the current review is to gather information on promising phytochemicals from medicinal plants that have been evaluated in hepatotoxicity models utilising cutting-edge scientific methods.

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory effects of Pergularia Daemia latex using experimental animal models

Pergularia daemia (Apocynaceae) plays an important role in traditional ayurvedic and siddha for the treatment of asthma, bronchitis, and jaundice. Interestingly, the latex of (PDL) is applied to cure Pergularia daemia headache, migraine, boils, wounds and scabies. The present study is aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of PDL in animal. Orally, pre-treated three different doses (100, 200 mg/kg) of PDL in order to evaluate distinct phases of anti-inflammatory effects. The inhibition ratio of the PDL (200 mg/kg, (P &lt; 0.01)) on carrageenan, Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) in rats were 66.46 and 54.04% respectively better than the inhibition ratio of indomethacin (5 mg/kg) were 52.31% and 70.33% respectively in the two model. PDL sustains exemplary anti-inflammatory activity.

Methanol extract of Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. leaves induce apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer through intrinsic pathway

Most traditional anticancer medications are ineffective in treating triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which has enhanced resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Herbs continue to be a key element in the discovery of anticancer medications. In the present study, we assessed the cytotoxicity of methanol extract of leaves of Pergularia daemia (MLPD) in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line. The cytotoxicity of MLPD was assessed using MTT assay which revealed significant concentration-dependent cytotoxicity with an IC50 value of 35.95±3.57 µg/mL. Morphological evaluation of MDA-MB-231 cells treated with MLPD showed cytotoxic changes like vacuole formation, altered morphology, and reduction in the number of cells with apoptotic bodies formation. Staining techniques, such as acridine orange and ethidium bromide (AO/EB) showed early apoptosis characterized by yellow-green fluorescence and crescent-shaped nucleus. Hoechst 33258 staining of MDA-MB-231 cells treated with MLPD showed nuclear marginalization indicative of nuclear apoptotic changes. To assess the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), we did JC-1 staining and the results revealed green fluorescence indicative of mitochondrial dependent apoptotic pathway. Comet assay confirmed significant DNA damaging property in MDA-MB-231 cells treated with MLPD. Western blotting analysis showed significant downregulation of Bcl-2 by 0.52±0.03 folds with no significant change in caspase-8 expression. Hence, the present study demonstrated that MLPD possessed potent cytotoxic effect against MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells through mitochondria mediated intrinsic pathway of apoptosis.

Evaluation of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species Scavenging Activities of Pergularia daemia Leaves Extract

Evaluation of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species Scavenging Activities of Pergularia daemia Leaves Extract

Phytochemical and antimicrobial investigations on the aerial plant parts of pergularia daemia forsk. (asclepiadaceae): a perennial twinning herb

Scientific investigations of medicinal plants have been initiated in many parts of our country because of their contribution to health care. The medicinal properties of plants are due to the presence of phytochemicals. The phytochemicals have anti-oxidant and anti-microbial properties. The resistance to antibiotics by bacteria is increasingly becoming a concern to public health. Currently used antibiotic agents fail to bring an end to many bacterial infections due to super-resistant strains. Medicinal plants represent a rich source of antimicrobial agents from which new drugs can be obtained. The phytochemical constituents of plants are desirable, not only for the discovery of therapeutic agents, but also because such information may be of value in disclosing new sources. The present study has been carried out on the phytochemical, anti- oxidant and anti-bacterial character of aerial plant parts of Pergularia daemia. The phytochemical result shows that the flavonoids, phenols and tannins were present abundantly in the Ethanolic extracts of aerial plant parts. Both total phenol and tannins are high in ethanolic extract. The antioxidant activity of the plant was done by using DPPH radical scavenging assay. The antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Pergularia daemia aerial plant parts was tested against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Citrobacter freundii.

Ethnomedicinal plants used by Kani tribals to treat Rheumatism in Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India

Background: The search for safe and alternative remedy for rheumatic disorders from herbal resources is increasing nowadays hence the medicinal plants constitute a promising role in modern medication system due to the presence of several bioactive compounds. The people inhabiting in the forest areas are often affected with several skeleton-muscular disorders especially with rhematic problems, hence the present study was undertaken to document the plants used to treat such diseases. Methods: The present study was carried out to document the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants used in treating rheumatism by Kani tribes who live in the KMTR region in the Southern Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India. Extensive field studies were conducted in five hamlets of Kani tribes focusing on the plants used in treating rheumatism. The data was collected using questionnaires, interviews and discussions among the traditional practitioners and other people of the hamlet. Results: The present ethnobotanical survey has led to the documentation of 59 species of medicinal plants belonging to 33 families. Of these, 26 species are the major utilized plants while 33 plant species are used in least quantity. Leaves are widely utilized against rheumatic problems. The medicinal formulations are prepared in the form of decoction, paste and powder which are administered topically or orally based on the disease condition. Conclusion: The medicinal plants were documented with the focus on conserving the ethnic knowledge of Kani tribes as documentary evidence for plant-based natural product research. Among the documented plants, Cardiospermum halicacabum, Elettaria cardamomum, Elephantopus scaber, Cymbopogon citratus, Allium cepa, Sida acuta, Pergularia daemia, and Lawsonia inermis were frequently cited and requires further pharmacological studies to develop an effective drug against chronic illnesses. Keywords: Ethnic community, Folk medicine, Rheumatism, Western Ghats

Ethnomedicinal plants used by malayali tribals in yercaud hills, salem district, tamil nadu, india

The present study highlights the importance of some medicinal plants in the health care system of Malayali tribal community of Yercaud Hills, Salem district, Tamil Nadu, India. Ethnomedicinal information was collected from malayali tribes through personal interviews and group discussions with 8 randomly selected informants. Use value (UV), fidelity level (FL) and Informant Consensus factor (ICF) were determined. During the data collection 20 species distributed in 16 families for treating 44 different ailments. Ethnomedicinal plants like Abrus pulchellus, Wall, Andrographis paniculata, Wall.ex.Nees, Asclepias curassavica, L, Asparagus racemosus, Wild, Azadirachta indica, A. Juss, Cassia fistula, Linn, Centella asiatica, Urb, Corallocarpus epigaeus, Hook.f, Curculigo orchioides, Gaertn, Emblica officinalis, Gaerth,Enicostemma littirale, Blume, Hemidesmus indicus, R. Br, Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.Ham.) Wall.ex.G.Don, Leucas aspera, Spreng, Mimosa pudica, Linn, Myrica esculenta, Buch. Ham, Pergularia daemia (Forsk.) chiov, Terminalia bellerica, Roxb, Terminalia chebula, Retz and Toddalia asiatica, Lamk were documented during the study. UV of the encountered plant species ranged from 0.38 to 1.13. The uppermost FCI value is reported for Ejaculation of semen and Bone fracture. In the present investigation, the FL varied from 50 to 100%.

Anti-cancerous and Anti-oxidant activity of Pergularia daemia Inspired Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Lung Cancer (A549) Cell Line

Anti-cancerous and Anti-oxidant activity of Pergularia daemia Inspired Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Lung Cancer (A549) Cell Line

Pergularia daemia (Apocynaceae) mitigates rifampicin-induced hepato-renal injury: potentials in the management of liver and kidney diseases

Medicinal potentials of Pergularia daemia leaves in managing hepato-renal toxicity induced by rifampicin were investigated. Twenty-five (25) Wistar rats were randomly placed into five groups containing five animals each. All the animals, except group I, were orally exposed to 250 g/kg bwt rifampicin and administered different treatments. Specific liver and kidney biomarkers such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid profile, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) were determined in the serum, liver, and kidney homogenates of experimental animals. Results indicate that exposure to rifampicin caused significant depletion in SOD and CAT relative to the control animals. Lipid profile was deranged, while ALT, AST, ALP, urea, uric acid, bilirubin, creatine kinase, and MDA level were elevated by rifampicin exposure. All deranged biochemical indices, as well as distorted histoarchitecture, were restored dose-dependently after treatment with P. daemia. In conclusion, P. daemia ameliorated rifampicin toxicity on the liver and kidney as indicated in the restoration of all deranged biochemical and histopathological indices measured. Hence, it is a potential therapeutic agent that can be harnessed as the panacea to the menace of liver and kidney diseases.

Swift synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using unripe fruit extract of Pergularia daemia: An enhanced and eco-friendly control agent against Zika virus vector Aedes aegypti

In this study Pergularia daemia unripe fruits were used to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (Pd-ZnONPs). UV-vis Spectroscopy detected the production of ZnONPs. XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TEM studies were used to characterize the synthesized Pd-ZnONPs. Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) third instar larvae were analyzed to diverse concentrations of Pd-unripe fruit extract and Pd-ZnONPs for 24 hours to assess the larvicidal effect. Mortality was also detected in Ae. aegypti larvae under laboratory conditions, with corresponding LC50 and LC90 values of 11.11 and 21.20 µg/ml respectively. As a result of this study, the levels of total proteins, esterases, acetylcholine esterase, and phosphatase enzymes in the third instar larvae of Ae. aegypti were significantly lower than the control. These findings suggest that Pd-ZnONPs could be used to suppress mosquito larval populations.

EFFECTS OF SECONDARY METABOLITE PRODUCTION AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME RESPONSE OF SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS LEAF CELL CULTURES

Leaf explants of three medicinally important plants viz., Convolvulus microphyllus Seib., Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Baker ex. K. Heyne and Pergularia daemia (Forsk.) Chiov. were cultured in Murashige and Skoog’s medium with different concentrations of auxins and cytokinins. Callus of each of the plant species was dried, extracted in alcohol and estimated for total levels of phenolics and flavonoids. Antioxidative enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), which play important role in plant defense systems, also calculated. The data reveled that with age of the callus, total levels of phenolics and flavonoids increased. Among the test extracts, 8 weeks-old callus of C. microphyllus demonstrated higher levels of total phenolics (20.36 ± 6.67 mg GAE g-1 dw), while flavonoids were higher in 8 weeks-old callus of P. daemia (23.80 ± 0.05 mg QE g-1 dw). However, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities decreased with the age of the callus levels of phenolics and flavonoids were found to be higher. The results indicate that, with the age of cultures generated stress leading to the production of secondary metabolites. It is known that, production of phenolics and flavonoids suppresses CAT and APX activities, critical factor for the damage of oxidative stress.

Removal of Chromium Ions from Aqueous Solution using Activated Pergularia daemia Carbon by Batch Adsorption Method

In this research, the stems of Pergularia daemia which is a kind of pick over were converted to activated carbon and were used for the removal of hexavalent chromium ion from aqueous solution. The effect of some parameters such as contact time, adsorbent dose, pH of solution, and other ionic strength of Cr (VI) onto the adsorbent. The equilibrium data were analyzed by Langmuir, and Freundlich isotherm models. Kinetic parameters were studied using following manner such as pseudo second order model, Elovich model and intraparticle diffusion model for adsorption process in addition the thermodynamic parameters such as change in free energy (G°), enthalpy (H°) and entropy (S°) were determined. The results revealed that in this process, the adsorption isotherm and kinetics have more conformity with Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics, respectively and the thermodynamics study provide evidence about nature of adsorption process.