Variance In Performance Research Articles

IMPACT OF INDEPENDENT LEARNING POLICY AND COMPENSATION ON TEACHER PERFORMANCE THROUGH JOB SATISFACTION AS A MEDIATING VARIABLE

This study explores the influence of the Independent Learning Policy and compensation on teacher performance, with job satisfaction as a mediating variable. Using a quantitative research design and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4, data were collected from 107 teachers across three junior high schools in Situbondo Regency. The results indicate that the Independent Learning Policy significantly impacts teacher performance both directly and indirectly through job satisfaction, with a path coefficient of 0.347 (p = 0.005). Compensation also plays a key role, directly influencing job satisfaction (path coefficient = 0.270, p < 0.001) and indirectly affecting teacher performance through job satisfaction (path coefficient = 0.130, p = 0.008). The adjusted R² values reveal that 89.8% of the variance in job satisfaction and 86.4% of the variance in teacher performance are explained by the model. These findings highlight the interconnected roles of educational policies, compensation, and job satisfaction in enhancing teacher performance, providing actionable insights for policymakers and school administrators to foster supportive environments that promote educational excellence.

THE EFFECT OF THE INDEPENDENT LEARNING POLICY ON STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT THROUGH TEACHER PERFORMANCE AS A MEDIATING VARIABLE

This study examines the impact of the Independent Learning Policy on student achievement, focusing on the mediating role of teacher performance. Utilizing a quantitative research approach with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis through SmartPLS 4, the study analyzed data collected from a sample of 196 grade 9 students from three junior high schools in Situbondo Regency. The results indicate that the Independent Learning Policy significantly influences both teacher performance (path coefficient = 0.668, T-statistic = 19.174, p < 0.000) and student achievement (path coefficient = 0.414, T-statistic = 7.741, p < 0.000). Teacher performance was also found to have a substantial direct impact on student achievement (path coefficient = 0.558, T-statistic = 9.900, p < 0.000) and acted as a critical mediator, amplifying the policy's effect on student outcomes (indirect path coefficient = 0.373, T-statistic = 8.273, p < 0.000). The adjusted R² values further reinforce the model's robustness, with 44.3% of teacher performance variance and 78.9% of student achievement variance explained by the Independent Learning Policy and teacher performance. These findings emphasize the necessity of empowering teachers through professional development and resource allocation to maximize the effectiveness of educational policies. This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of policy implementation in education and offers practical recommendations for enhancing educational outcomes in junior high schools.

ANALYSIS OF ALLOWANCE PROVISION AND TOKEN ECONOMY SYSTEM ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT AT PT. ECODU

The token economy system is a new incentive system that aims to enhance employee engagement, productivity, and overall performance at the company. In this study, the Token Economy Method was used to evaluate the impact of the token economy on employee performance improvement. The data were collected using a combination of primary and secondary data methods, including interviews with company stakeholders and questionnaire surveys to employees. The collected data was then analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods, with the application of multiple regression. The results of the analysis show the importance of a fair and effective benefits system, and the potential of token economy in improving employee discipline and performance. The fishbone analysis concludes that there are several areas where the conventional allowance system could be improved to improve employee performance, including motivation and rewards, allowance fairness, healthcare and well-being allowances, cost efficiency, and retention impact. This method demonstrates a strong statistical influence on performance improvement, accounting for 96.8% of the variance in employee performance. Overall, this method emerges as an innovative and effective approach to managing bonuses that enhances employee engagement and productivity, creating a performance-driven culture within PT.

Unveiling overlooked performance variance in serverless computing

Unveiling overlooked performance variance in serverless computing

The impact of sociodemographic, psychological, and quality of life factors on dual-task performance in elderly individuals: a cross-sectional study in Iraq

Objective This study aims to explore how sociodemographic, psychological, and quality of life factors impact dual-task performance among elderly individuals in Iraq. Methods This cross-sectional study included 384 healthy community-dwelling participants aged 60 years and over, recruited from Najaf, Iraq. Data were collected using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Form (WHOQOL-BREF). Dual-task performance was assessed using the Nine-Hole Peg Test (NHPT) combined with a cognitive task of counting backward by threes. Correlation and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to determine the predictors of cognitive dual-task performance. Results Among the WHOQOL domains, only physical health significantly predicted dual-task performance for both dominant and non-dominant hands (β = 0.234, p = 0.041; β = 0.263, p = 0.025, respectively), underscoring the importance of physical well-being in cognitive-motor functions. Psychological factors (depression, anxiety, and stress) measured by DASS-21 did not significantly predict dual-task performance. The model explained a small part of the variance in dual-task performance, suggesting that other factors may influence these abilities in elderly individuals. Conclusion While psychological factors measured by DASS-21 did not significantly impact dual-task performance, the overall quality of life remained essential. These insights can inform the design of elderly care programs.

ANALISIS KOMPETENSI PELATIHAN DAN PENGAWASAN TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. TOYOTA ASTRA MOTOR

Examining the interconnected dynamics of competence, training, and supervision as well as their individual and combined effects on worker performance is the goal of this study. Through the use of quantitative research methods, this study collects data mostly through interviews using a quantitative descriptive framework. The partial analysis's findings show that PT. Toyota Astra Motor employees' performance is positively impacted by competence in a statistically meaningful way. The results also show that employee performance inside the company is positively and significantly impacted by training. Additionally, it was discovered that PT. Toyota Astra Motor employees' performance was positively and significantly impacted by supervision. The simultaneous analysis's findings highlight how competence, training, and supervision all work together to significantly and favorably impact employee performance inside the same company. Training and communication account for 93.7% of the variance in employee performance, according to the adjusted R2 value, meaning that other independent variables not included in this study may be responsible for the remaining 6.3%.

Size Influence of Laminated Bamboo on Tensile Mechanical Properties with the Consideration of Density.

Laminated bamboo (LB), as a novel eco-friendly composite material with a high strength-to-weight ratio, has garnered increasing interest. However, there is a gap in comprehending the impact of size on the tensile properties of LB, particularly tensile strength and modulus. In contrast with conventional materials such as concrete and wood, which have specified specimen sizes and size effect factors to address performance variances linked to size, LB lacks such standards and references. To address this, seven groups of LB specimens of varying sizes were developed and tested to examine the impact of length, thickness, and sectional area on failure mechanisms and fundamental features, including density considerations. The findings demonstrate that size does not significantly influence the failure mode. Length exerts a smaller influence than thickness. When specimens are scaled up by a factor of two, tensile strength and modulus diminish to 82.86% and 88.38% of their initial values, respectively. Density significantly influences the relationships of tensile strength, modulus, and size effects. Consequently, size effect models incorporating both specific properties and the density-property relationship were developed.

Transparent procurement practices and performance of medical supply chain in Kenya

The performance of medical supply chain is vital in ensuring timely and cost-effective delivery of healthcare products, directly impacting patient outcomes and the efficiency of health systems. This study investigates the effect of transparent procurement practices on the performance of medical supply chain in Kenya, with a focus on addressing the pervasive corruption and inefficiencies documented in the sector. A descriptive research design was adopted, utilizing both primary and secondary data collected through questionnaires administered to 100 supply chain management officers within 13 Semi-Autonomous Government Agencies (SAGAs) under the Ministry of Health. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS, employing descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between transparent procurement practices and medical supply chain performance, with transparency accounting for 48.6% of the variance in performance (R² = 0.486, p < 0.05). Transparent procurement was found to mitigate stockouts, reduce procurement delays, and enhance accountability in resource allocation. These results underscore the importance of institutionalizing transparency measures in public procurement to enhance the efficiency and integrity of Kenya’s healthcare supply chain. The study recommends the adoption of an end-to-end digital procurement systems, training of procurement personnel, and stricter enforcement of public procurement laws and regulations to combat corruption and inefficiencies. These efforts will improve healthcare service delivery and contribute to public health resilience, especially in crisis situations. The findings provide valuable insights for policy and practice, emphasizing the need for transparency in public procurement systems.

Development of a Structural Model for Predicting Organizational Performance of Bank Employees in Western Tehran Branches Based on Career Path Resilience and Psychological Capital: The Mediating Role of Professional Ethics

Objective: The objective of the present study was to develop a structural model for predicting the organizational performance of bank employees in the western Tehran branches based on career path resilience and psychological capital, with the mediating role of professional ethics. Methodology: The research method was descriptive-correlational, with a structural equation modeling approach. The statistical population consisted of all bank employees in the western Tehran branches in 2023. The sampling method was convenience sampling. The sample size was 430 individuals, who were evaluated using questionnaires on organizational performance (Andre de Waal et al., 2017), career path resilience (Morgen Lyon, 2001), psychological capital (Luthans, 2007), and professional ethics (Kadous, 2002). The findings were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings: Based on the analysis of the research findings, all fit indices derived from the analysis supported the acceptable fit of the structural model with the collected data. The chi-square to degrees of freedom ratio was 2.21, the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) was 0.959, the Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) was 0.938, the Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI) was 0.913, and the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) was 0.057. Additionally, the results showed that career path resilience, psychological capital, and professional ethics together explained 62% of the variance in organizational performance among bank employees. Conclusion: It can be concluded that professional ethics among bank employees mediates the relationship between psychological capital and career path resilience with organizational performance.

Early subacute frontal callosal microstructure and language outcomes after stroke.

The integrity of the frontal segment of the corpus callosum, forceps minor, is particularly susceptible to age-related degradation and has been associated with cognitive outcomes in both healthy and pathological ageing. The predictive relevance of forceps minor integrity in relation to cognitive outcomes following a stroke remains unexplored. Our goal was to evaluate whether the heterogeneity of forceps minor integrity, assessed early after stroke onset (2-6 weeks), contributes to explaining variance in longitudinal outcomes in post-stroke aphasia. Both word- and sentence-level tasks were employed to assess language comprehension and language production skills in individuals with first-ever left-hemisphere stroke during the early subacute and chronic phases of recovery (n = 25). Structural and diffusion neuroimaging data from the early subacute phase were used to quantify stroke lesion load and bilateral forceps minor radial diffusivity. Multiple linear regression models examined whether early subacute radial diffusivity within the forceps minor, along with other factors (stroke lesion load, age, sex and education), explained variance in early subacute performance and longitudinal recovery (i.e. change in behavioural performance). Increased early subacute radial diffusivity in the forceps minor was associated with poor early subacute comprehension (t = -2.36, P = 0.02) but not production (P = 0.35) when controlling for stroke lesion load, age, sex and education. When considering longitudinal recovery, early subacute radial diffusivity in the forceps minor was not linked to changes in performance in either comprehension (P = 0.11) or production (P = 0.36) under the same control variables. The examination of various language components and processes led to novel insights: (i) language comprehension may be more susceptible to white matter brain health than language production and (ii) the influence of white matter brain health is reflected in early comprehension performance rather than longitudinal changes in comprehension. These results suggest that evaluating baseline callosal integrity is a valuable approach for assessing the risk of impaired language comprehension post-stroke, while also underscoring the importance of nuanced analyses of behavioural outcomes to enhance our understanding of the clinical applicability of baseline brain health measures.

Towards a deeper understanding of performance variance in the context of business groups: A multilevel analysis at the business unit level

Towards a deeper understanding of performance variance in the context of business groups: A multilevel analysis at the business unit level

Analysis of the Effect of Liquidity, Leverage, and Profitability on the Financial Performance of Companies in the Indonesian Capital Market

This study examines the influence of leverage, liquidity, and profitability on the financial performance of companies listed on the Indonesian Capital Market. A quantitative approach was utilized, involving 150 companies, with data measured using a Likert scale (1–5) and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS 3). The findings reveal that leverage and profitability significantly and positively impact financial performance, with profitability demonstrating the strongest effect. Liquidity also positively influences financial performance, albeit to a lesser extent. Collectively, the three variables explain 62% of the variance in financial performance, highlighting their interdependence and critical role in driving firm success. The study provides valuable insights for corporate managers and policymakers in emerging markets, emphasizing the importance of strategic financial planning to ensure sustainable growth.

Sensory representations and pupil-indexed listening effort provide complementary contributions to multi-talker speech intelligibility

Multi-talker speech intelligibility requires successful separation of the target speech from background speech. Successful speech segregation relies on bottom-up neural coding fidelity of sensory information and top-down effortful listening. Here, we studied the interaction between temporal processing measured using Envelope Following Responses (EFRs) to amplitude modulated tones, and pupil-indexed listening effort, as it related to performance on the Quick Speech-in-Noise (QuickSIN) test in normal-hearing adults. Listening effort increased at the more difficult signal-to-noise ratios, but speech intelligibility only decreased at the hardest signal-to-noise ratio. Pupil-indexed listening effort and EFRs did not independently relate to QuickSIN performance. However, the combined effects of both EFRs and listening effort explained significant variance in QuickSIN performance. Our results suggest a synergistic interaction between sensory coding and listening effort as it relates to multi-talker speech intelligibility. These findings can inform the development of next-generation multi-dimensional approaches for testing speech intelligibility deficits in listeners with normal-hearing.

A cross-sectional and longitudinal evaluation of serum creatinine as a biomarker in spinal muscular atrophy.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease characterized by proximal muscle weakness and atrophy. The increasing availability of disease-modifying therapies has prompted the development of biomarkers to facilitate clinical assessments. We explored the association between disease severity and serum creatinine (Crn) levels in SMA patients undergoing up to two years of treatment with nusinersen. We measured serum Crn levels and assessed function performance using the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale-Expanded (HFMSE), Medical Research Council Scale (MRC), 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), ulnar Compound Muscle Action Potential (CMAP), and forced vital capacity (FVC) in a cohort comprising 28 adolescent and adult patients with SMA. The association between Crn and disease severity was investigated through partial rank correlation analysis and linear mixed models while accounting for age, gender, and BMI. Linear models were employed to predict functional performance. 28 SMA patients and 28 gender- and age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were included, resulting in a dataset of 185 visits. Compared to HCs, SMA patients exhibited significantly lower Crn values ​​(67.4 ± 14 vs. 23.7 ± 14.8 umol/L, p<0.0001). After adjusting for age, sex, and BMI, Crn showed positive correlations with the HFMSE (p<0.0001, r = 0.884), MRC (p<0.0001, r = 0.827), FVC (p = 0.002, r = 0.730), and ulnar CMAP (p<0.0001, r = 0.807). Patients with SMN2 copy number ≥ 4 had nearly twice as high Crn levels as those with SMN2 copy number < 4 (34.1 ± 3.75 vs. 17.2 ± 2.52 umol/L, p = 0.00145). Ambulant SMA patients had more than double the Crn levels compared to non-ambulant ones (32 ± 2.33 vs. 12.9 ± 2.38 umol/L, p<0.0001). Furthermore, Crn explained that up to 83.5% of the variance in functional performance measured by HFMSE, MRC, and 6MWT was significantly higher than that of traditional biomarkers. These findings suggest that Crn may be a potential biomarker for assessing disease severity in adolescents and adults with SMA, demonstrating its promise in clinical applications.

Deconstructing Digital Transformation: A Multidimensional Analysis of Digital Literacy’s Role in Shaping Human Capital and Driving Organizational Success

Abstract This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the multifaceted relationship between digital literacy, human capital development, and organizational performance in the context of digital transformation. Through a rigorous mixed-methodology approach combining quantitative surveys and real-time digital usage tracking, we analyzed data from 250 employees across 23 organizations spanning multiple sectors (technology 26.5%, finance 16.7%, healthcare 13.6%). The research employs structural equation modeling and demonstrates robust interrelationships between variables (correlations ranging r=0.689 to 0.817), with digital literacy and employee commitment exhibiting the strongest correlation (r=0.817). Statistical analysis reveals that human capital significantly mediates the relationship between employee factors and organizational performance, explaining 72.3% of performance variance (R&amp;sup2;=0.723). All constructs demonstrated strong reliability (Cronbach’s α: 0.739-0.787) and convergent validity (AVE&gt;0.5). Multiple regression analysis identified attitude (β=0.218) and human capital (β=0.184) as primary performance predictors, while frugal innovation showed significant influence (β=0.172, p&lt;0.001). The study found that 69.1% of participants utilize digital tools multiple times daily, with 44.4% at intermediate digital literacy levels. Path analysis confirmed significant positive relationships (p&lt;0.001) across all variables, with attitude demonstrating the highest direct effect on organizational performance (0.525). The research extends human capital theory by empirically validating digital competencies’ role in organizational success and identifies a critical digital literacy divide impacting performance outcomes. In work environments (48.1% hybrid, 42% on-site, 9.9% remote), findings demonstrate the universal importance of digital competencies across different operational models. These results have substantial implications for management practices, organizational strategy, and human resource development in the digital era, particularly in fostering comprehensive digital skill development programs and addressing organizational digital divides.

The Role of Knowledge, Creativity and Self-Confidence in the Performance of High School Prinsipals Using SEM-SmartPLS Analysis

&lt;p&gt;Effective leadership hinges on knowledge, creativity, and self-confidence in dynamic school environments. This study examines the contribution of these traits to high school principals' performance in leadership. Employing a quantitative approach, a survey was conducted with 75 respondents selected from a population of 308 using random sampling. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS software version 3.0, allowing in-depth exploration of the relationships between knowledge, creativity, self-confidence, and performance. The findings reveal that knowledge contributes 45%, creativity 30%, and self-confidence 25% to leadership effectiveness, collectively accounting for 87.5% of the variance in performance among school principals. Principals with strong knowledge, creativity, and self-confidence are better equipped to implement innovative strategies, motivate staff, and achieve educational goals. This study underscores the importance of professional development programs to enhance these attributes, emphasizing creativity and decision-making skills. Such initiatives can better prepare principals to navigate the complexities of modern educational leadership, including curriculum changes, resource constraints, and technological advancements. The research offers actionable insights for policymakers, educators, and administrators aiming to improve school leadership quality. It also highlights the mediating role of self-confidence in translating knowledge and creativity into practical leadership actions. These findings contribute to the broader discourse on leadership in education and provide a foundation for future studies to explore additional factors influencing principals’ performance.&lt;/p&gt;

Subtypes of cognitive impairment in cerebellar disease identified by cross-diagnostic cluster-analysis: results from a German multicenter study

BackgroundCognitive and neuropsychiatric impairment, known as cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS), may be present in cerebellar disorders. This study identified distinct CCAS subtypes in cerebellar patients using cluster analysis.MethodsThe German CCAS-Scale (G-CCAS-S), a brief screening test for CCAS, was assessed in 205 cerebellar patients and 200 healthy controls. K-means cluster analysis was applied to G-CCAS-S data to identify cognitive clusters in patients. Demographic and clinical variables were used to characterize the clusters. Multiple linear regression quantified their relative contribution to cognitive performance. The ability of the G-CCAS-S to correctly distinguish between patients and controls was compared across the clusters.ResultsTwo clusters explained the variance of cognitive performance in patients’ best. Cluster 1 (30%) exhibited severe impairment. Cluster 2 (70%) displayed milder dysfunction and overlapped substantially with that of healthy controls. Cluster 1 patients were on average older, less educated, showed more severe ataxia and more extracerebellar involvement than cluster 2 patients. The cluster assignment predicted cognitive performance even after adjusting for all other covariates. The G-CCAS-S demonstrated good discriminative ability for cluster 1, but not for cluster 2.ConclusionsThe variance of cognitive impairment in cerebellar disorders is best explained by one severely affected and one mildly affected cluster. Cognitive performance is not only predicted by demographic/clinical characteristics, but also by cluster assignment itself. This indicates that factors that have not been captured in this study likely have effects on cognitive cerebellar functions. Moreover, the CCAS-S appears to have a relative weakness in identifying patients with only mild cognitive deficits.Study registrationThe study has prospectively been registered at the German Clinical Study Register (https://www.drks.de; DRKS-ID: DRKS00016854).

Narrative generation and narrative recall recruit different executive functions in preschoolers with and without developmental language disorder

ABSTRACT Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) are poor at story-telling and show weaknesses in various executive functions (EFs). Narrative tasks are frequently used in clinical assessment to capture the linguistic vulnerabilities of individuals with DLD. But we know little about the demands of different narrative tasks on EFs. This study explores the relationship between EFs in a daily life context and performance on two narrative tasks. Fourteen Mandarin-speaking preschoolers with DLD and 34 typically-developing (TD) controls completed a story generation and a story recall task. Their parents filled out the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions-Preschool (BRIEF-P). The TD group outperformed the DLD group on narrative macrostructure and microstructure, and the inhibit, shift, and global executive composites of the BRIEF-P. On the story recall task, after controlling for standardised language test scores, working memory scores explained unique variance in both narrative macrostructure and microstructure performance. On the story generation task, after controlling for language skills, macrostructure performance was predicted by inhibit, working memory, and plan/organisation composites, and microstructure performance was predicted by the inhibit composite. Narrative recall relies heavily on working memory capacity as children must recall the details provided in the mature adult model; narrative generation requires multiple EFs as children must plan the organisation of story elements, selectively attend to relevant visual details in the pictorial stimuli, and monitor their own language production. The findings have implications for understanding the sources of language difficulties in DLD and the selection of narrative task in clinical practice.

Analisis Pengaruh Penerapan Prinsip Syariah dan Inovasi Produk terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Bank Syariah di Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the impact of sharia principles implementation and product innovation on the financial performance of Islamic banks in Indonesia. Using a quantitative approach through regression analysis, the study reveals that consistent adherence to sharia principles and relevant product innovation significantly affect financial performance. Partial tests show that sharia principles significantly influence customer trust and satisfaction, while product innovation contributes to enhancing competitiveness in the digital era. Simultaneously, these two variables strongly impact financial performance, with the regression model explaining 74% of the variance in financial performance. This study highlights the importance of synergy between sharia principles and product innovation in supporting the sustainability of the Islamic banking industry in Indonesia.

Enhancing higher education performance: Transformational, transactional and agile leadership

Orientation: Leadership styles have a significant influence on institutional performance. Transactional, transformational and agile leadership styles demonstrate positive organisational outcomes.Research purpose: This study examines how transactional, transformational, and agile leadership styles influence and predict institutional performance within South African higher education. By identifying the most effective leadership approach, the research offers recommendations to enhance leadership strategies in the sector.Motivation for the study: These leadership styles were selected because of their relevance in navigating the structural, innovative and adaptive needs of higher education institutions. Understanding their impact will help shape more effective leadership interventions.Research approach/design and method: A quantitative, correlational design was used. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), Agile Leadership Questionnaire and Institutional Performance Questionnaire were administered to a convenience sample of 224 staff across five public institutions in South Africa.Main findings: All three leadership styles positively and significantly influenced institutional performance. Transformational and agile leadership showed the strongest ability to explain the variance in performance, with transformational leadership explaining the most variance.Practical/managerial implications: Effective leadership is critical for performance in South African higher education. Leadership training should develop transformational and agile leadership behaviours.Contribution/value-add: The findings highlight the importance of leadership style for institutional performance and the need for tailored leadership developmental programmes in academia.