Performance Of Polymer Solar Cells Research Articles

Unveiling the Influence of Linkers on Conformations of Oligomeric Acceptors for High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells.

Conformational isomerism of organic photovoltaic materials has a profound impact on their molecular packing and therefore performance of polymer solar cells (PSCs). However, the conformations of oligomeric acceptors (OAs) are mostly predicted by simulations rather than experimental determinations. Herein, the stereochemical S-shaped structure of two dimeric-type acceptor molecules, V-DYIC and V-DYIC-4F, is first confirmed with different end groups (IC for V-DYIC and IC-2F for V-DYIC-4F), incorporating vinylene linkage for connecting the distinct state-of-the-art small molecule acceptor Y-segments. Through the synthetic control of fluorination sites adjacent to the vinyl-linker, S-shaped the conformation by NMR experiments is validated. Compared to the O-shaped dimer, S-shaped conformation results in enhanced lamellar order and reduced nonradiative recombination losses. The optimal acceptor, V-DYIC-4F, achieved a champion efficiency of 18.10% with the lowest energy loss of 0.556eV in its devices paired with PM6 due to their efficient carrier transport, and suppressed recombination compared to other devices, being attributed to the synergistic effect of conformation and end group fluorination. The insights gained in this work contribute valuable knowledge of both synthetic control and structural determination of OAs, providing strategic design guidelines for the future development of dimeric acceptors toward high-efficiency PSCs.

Bithieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-Based Wide-Bandgap Donor Polymers for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells.

The polymer solar cells (PSCs) have garnered substantial interest owing to their lightweight, cost-effectiveness, and flexibility, making them ideal for large-scale roll-to-roll manufacturing. In this study, two wide-bandgap (WBG) donor polymers, PFBiTPD and PClBiTPD, utilizing bithieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (BiTPD) as the electron-accepting unit and fluorinated/chlorinated benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) as the electron-donating moiety are designed and synthesized. The polymers demonstrated large optical bandgaps (exceeding 1.80eV) and are blended with ITIC-4F to form the active layers in PSCs. The PFBiTPD-based devices showed a well-dispersed fibrillar network, facilitating efficient charge generation and transport. Thus, these devices attained a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.60%, featuring a fill factor (FF) of 62.89%, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.88V and a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 15.54mA cm-2. In contrast, PClBiTPD-based devices displayed lower performance due to less favorable morphology. The study underscores the importance of polymer design and morphology control in optimizing the photovoltaic performance of PSCs.

Development of cross-linked donor polymers for polymer solar cells with improved efficiency and thermal stability

Due to low glass-transition temperature and high diffusion coefficient of small molecule acceptors (SMAs), the bi-continuous interpenetrating morphology of SMA-based polymer solar cells (PSCs) are metastable and therefore most SMA-based PSCs exhibit poor operational and thermal stability. Cross-linked donor polymers have been proposed because the cross-linked behavior can “freeze” the initial morphology and avoid its further evolution. In this work, two new cross-linked donor polymers P1 and P2 were designed for application in PSCs with a non-fullerene acceptor Y6, in which the photovoltaic performance and thermal stability of PSCs were significantly improved. The P1-based PSCs achieved a superior power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.29 % with a Jsc of 25.99 mA cm−2, a Voc of 0.860 V and a FF of 77.35 %, which surpassed 9 % for PM6-based PSCs (15.86 %). Furthermore, the P1-based PSCs exhibited better thermal stability with a 17 % efficiency loss under continuous 60 °C for 210 h due to the fixation of active layer morphology, while PM6-based PSCs suffered from a serve PCE reduction of over 26 %. These results demonstrate that cross-linked donor polymer has a great application prospect to improve the PCE and thermal stability of PSCs.

Enhanced Performance of Polymer Solar Cells by Ultraviolet-Ozone Treatment of MoOX Films with non-Thermal Annealing Treatment of MoOX Films

Molybdenum oxide (MoOX) is a commonly used hole extraction material (HEL) in polymer solar cells (PSCs). Here, we perform ultraviolet ozone treatment (UVO, non-thermal annealing treatment) on MoOX film (by spin-coated (NH4)6Mo7O24-4H2O solution on the ITO top) prepared by solution processing to develop hole extraction materials for efficient PSC. After UVO treatment of MoOX films (US-MoOX), the (NH4)6Mo7O24-4H2O molecules decompose to form a denser and higher energy levels MoOX film. Compared with E-MoOX films (vacuum evaporated MoO3 powder), US-MoOX films have similar square resistance and electrical conductivity to E-MoOX films, and the photovoltaic performance of US-MoOX-based PSCs is comparable to that of E-MoOX-based PSCs and higher than that of PEDOT:PSS-based PSCs. Therefore, US-MoOX-based PSCs show the advantages of combining high photovoltaic performance with solution processing. In addition, US-MoOX-based PSCs have the advantage of not requiring thermal annealing treatment. The results indicate that US-MoOX films are promising HEL materials for the practical production of PSCs.

In Situ Electrochemical Cobalt Doping in Perovskite-Structured Lanthanum Nickelate Thin Film Toward Energy Conversion Enhancement of Polymer Solar Cells.

This study demonstrates that the electrochemical doping of lanthanum nickelate (LNO) with cobalt ions is a promising strategy for enhancing its physical and electrochemical properties, which are critical for energy storage and conversion devices. LNO emerges as a promising hole transport layer (HTL) in solar cells due to its stability, large band gap, and high transparency. Nevertheless, its low conductivity and improperly aligned band positions are persistent problems. Here, in a pioneering endeavor, Co-doped LNO thin films were synthesized electrochemically and applied as the HTL in polymer solar cells (PSCs). Characterization revealed the impact of Co doping on the electrochemical, structural, morphological, and optical properties of LNO thin films. Depending on the Co doping level, PSCs based on 10 mol % Co-doped LNO outperformed pure LNO, achieving a champion efficiency of 6.11% with enhanced short-circuit current density (12.84 mA cm-2), fill factor (68%), open-circuit voltage (0.70 V), and external quantum efficiency (82.6%). This enhancement resulted from decreased series resistance, refined surface morphology, minimized trap-assisted recombination, enhanced conductivity, increased charge carrier production, favorable energy level alignment, and improved current extraction facilitated by LNC0.10O HTL. Moreover, the unencapsulated PSC-LNC0.10O long-term stability notably improved and retained 86% of its initial PCE after 450 h storage in ambient air, 82% after being continuously heated to 85 °C for 300 h, and 80% after operating at maximum power point for 300 h. These findings offer a straightforward approach to enhancing PSC performance through Co doping of LNO, supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations that validate the experimental results and confirm the improvement in optical properties and stability of PSCs as an HTL.

Revealing the Role of Dynamic and Static Disorder on Charge-Transfer-State Absorption in Polymer Solar Cells.

In polymer solar cells (PSCs), charge-transfer (CT) state absorption plays an important role in evaluating the CT-state energy and energy loss. However, due to the disordered nature of polymers, a comprehensive understanding of CT absorption properties remains elusive. Especially, the dominant role of dynamic and static disorder in determining CT absorption is frequently debated. Herein, we theoretically constructed an organic donor-acceptor model to investigate the impact of these two types of disorders on CT absorption properties. It is demonstrated that the CT absorption properties depend significantly on the type of disorder. Specifically, it is found that dynamic disorder has a more significant impact on the peak and position of CT absorption as well as the broadening properties, compared to static disorder. The study indicates that minimizing dynamic disorder can lead to a reduction in overall disorder, which is beneficial for improving the performance of PSCs.

Providing a Photovoltaic Performance Enhancement Relationship from Binary to Ternary Polymer Solar Cells via Machine Learning.

Ternary polymer solar cells (PSCs) are currently the simplest and most efficient way to further improve the device performance in PSCs. To find high-performance organic photovoltaic materials, the established connection between the material structure and device performance before fabrication is of great significance. Herein, firstly, a database of the photovoltaic performance in 874 experimental PSCs reported in the literature is established, and three different fingerprint expressions of a molecular structure are explored as input features; the results show that long fingerprints of 2D atom pairs can contain more effective information and improve the accuracy of the models. Through supervised learning, five machine learning (ML) models were trained to build a mapping of the photovoltaic performance improvement relationship from binary to ternary PSCs. The GBDT model had the best predictive ability and generalization. Eighteen key structural features from a non-fullerene acceptor and the third components that affect the device's PCE were screened based on this model, including a nitrile group with lone-pair electron, a halogen atom, an oxygen atom, etc. Interestingly, the structural features for the enhanced device's PCE were essentially increased by the Jsc or FF. More importantly, the reliability of the ML model was further verified by preparing the highly efficient PSCs. Taking the PM6:BTP-eC9:PY-IT ternary PSC as an example, the PCE prediction (18.03%) by the model was in good agreement with the experimental results (17.78%), the relative prediction error was 1.41%, and the relative error between all experimental results and predicted results was less than 5%. These results indicate that ML is a useful tool for exploring the photovoltaic performance improvement of PSCs and accelerating the design and application with highly efficient non-fullerene materials.

A benzobisoxazole-based polymer assisting high efficiency polymer solar cells

Ternary strategy is an effective method to optimize photovoltaic process and improve device performance. In this work, a benzobisoxazole-based conjugated polymer PBBO was designed and employed as the guest component for PM6:BTP-eC9 based devices. The polymer PBBO shows a large band gap of 2.16 eV and strong photoluminescence property, with efficient energy transfer observed between PBBO and PM6. The ternary blends not only form a cascaded energy level distribution, but also an alloy-like structure, which can effectively promote the exciton dissociation, charge transfer and efficiently suppress charge recombination. As a result, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the ternary device is substantially improved from 17.50% to 18.66% with the incorporation of PBBO guest component. Meanwhile, the ternary device shows good stability with retaining 86% of initial efficiency after storage for 2000 hours. This research demonstrates that the polymer PBBO would be an excellent photovoltaic material to optimize the performance of polymer solar cells.

Perylene Diimide‐Based Low‐Cost and Thickness‐Tolerant Electron Transport Layer Enables Polymer Solar Cells Approaching 19% Efficiency

AbstractThe materials for electron transport layers (ETLs) play a significant role in the performance of polymer solar cells (PSCs) but face challenges, such as low electron transport mobility and conductivity, low solution processibility, and extreme thickness sensitivity, which will undermine the photovoltaic performance and hinder compatibility of large‐scale fabrication technique. To address these challenges, a new n‐type perylene diimide‐based molecule (PDINB) with two special amine‐anchored long‐side chains is designed and synthesized feasibly. PDINB shows very high solubility in common organic solvents, such as dichloromethane (>75 mg ml−1) and methanol with acetic acid as an additive (>37 mg ml−1), which leads to excellent film formability when deposited on active layers. With PDINB as ETLs, the photovoltaic performance of the PSCs is boosted comprehensively, leading to power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 18.81%. Thanks to the strong self‐doping effect and high conductivity of PDINB, it displays an appreciable thickness‐tolerant property as ETLs, where the devices remain consistently high PCE values with the thickness varying from 5 to 30 nm. Interestingly, PDINB can be used as a generic ETL in different types of PSCs including non‐fullerene PSCs and all‐polymer PSCs. Therefore, PDINB can be a potentially competitive candidate as an efficient ETL for PSCs.

Wide bandgap polymer donors with an acceptor1-π-acceptor2-π configuration for efficient polymer solar cells

To maximize the photovoltaic performance of polymer solar cells (PSCs), polymer donors and nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) should be designed with complementarily optical and electronic properties as well as desirable morphological features. Currently, high-performance polymer donors are mainly constructed by alternating copolymerization of electron-rich (D) and electron-deficient (A) units. Here, we demonstrate that acceptor1-π-acceptor2-π (A1-π-A2-π)-type polymer donors constructed by copolymerization of two different A units can achieve comparable photovoltaic properties with those of D-π-A-π-type counterparts. By using the ladder-type 4,10-bis(2-hexyldecyl)-thieno[2ˊ,3ˊ:5,6]pyrido[3,4-g]thieno-[3,2-c]isoquinoline-5,11-dione as A1 unit, difluorobenzotriazole or benzodithiophene-4,8-dione as A2 unit, and thiophene unit as the π bridge, two A1-π-A2-π-type copolymers, P03 and P07, are successfully synthesized. Due to the weakened intramolecular charge-transfer effect, P03 and P07 exhibit wide bandgaps of 1.88 and 1.74 eV, respectively. In combination with the NFA of L8-BO, the P03:L8-BO-based blend shows superior crystallinity and uniform phase-separated morphology thereby leading to a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.03 % in comparison with the P07:L8-BO-based blend which shows a PCE of 9.84 %. Notably, the 15.03 % efficiency is by far the highest value for PSCs based on A1-π-A2-π-type polymer donors. These results provide useful guidance for the future design of high-performance donor copolymers for PSCs.

Graphene oxide-titanium oxide-polyaniline hybrid materials for high-performance dye-sensitized solar cells

A new solar cell that comprises a graphene oxide and titanium oxide nanoparticle (NP) composite with graphitized polyaniline (PANI) has been tested in polymer solar cells (PSCs). In this study, a series of conjugated polymers were synthesized and evaluated as the absorber and hole-transport layer materials in organic solar cells, demonstrating the significant impact of the chemical structure of the polymers on solar cell performance. The incorporation of graphene oxide (GOX) and titanium oxide TiO2 NP in conjugated polymers, particularly when graphitized within the PANI layer, led to improved open-circuit voltages compared to structurally similar polymers without NP. The morphology of the composite films was analyzed and related to the photovoltaic performance of polymers synthesized with polyaniline PANI-base and PANI-salt. Optimal NP addition in PANI-salt, PANI-base, PANI-base-TiO2, and PANI-base-GOX resulted in open-circuit voltages and efficiencies of 433 mV and 3.67%, 250 mV and 0.595%, 310 mV and 1.358%, and 520 mV and 2.366%, respectively. This study underscores the importance of polymer film uniformity in the performance of PSCs, with the highest efficiency obtained using a conjugated polymer with the best PANI-salt and PANI-base-GOX films. The research sheds light on the relationship between polymer structure and device photovoltaic performance, which is crucial for the design of new polymeric materials for efficient use and stable OSCs and PSCs.

Effect of 1‐Fluoro‐2‐iodobenzene Solvent Additive on the Crystallization of Donors and Acceptors, and Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics in Polymer Solar Cells

AbstractControlled sequential crystallization of donors and acceptors is a critical factor for achieving enhanced phase separation and efficient charge transfer performance in polymer solar cells (PSCs). In this study, a comprehensive investigation of a structurally simple solvent additive, 1‐fluoro‐2‐iodobenzene (OFIB) is conducted, which efficiently controls the morphology of the active layer, resulting in fibrous assembly and significantly enhancing the power conversion efficiency from 16.34% to 18.38% based on the PM6:L8‐BO system. Density functional theory, molecular dynamics simulations, and grazing incidence small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering techniques reveal that the addition of OFIB to the processed blend aligns the orientation of the acceptor molecules, thereby enhancing the overall π–π stacking in the active layer. OFIB establishes nearly equal‐strength π–π interactions with the conjugated frameworks of both the donor and acceptor materials, benefiting from the multiple electron conjugation between its iodine atom and the conjugated framework in the active layer. Femtosecond‐timescale photophysical studies demonstrate that the OFIB‐optimized active layer shows reduced exciton losses at the donor–acceptor interface. This study offers a new perspective on the mechanism underlying the function of solvent additives and presents a comprehensive research methodology that will guide the development of next‐generation non‐fullerene acceptors for efficient PSCs.

Tethered Small-Molecule Acceptor Refines Hierarchical Morphology in Ternary Polymer Solar Cells: Enhanced Stability and 19% Efficiency.

Polymer solar cells (PSCs) are promising for efficient solar energy conversion, but achieving high efficiency and device longevity within a bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) structure remains a challenge. Traditional small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) in the BHJ blend show thermodynamic instability affecting the morphology. In contrast, tethered SMAs exhibit higher glass transition temperatures, mitigating these concerns. Yet, they might not integrate well with polymer donors, causing pronounced phase separation and overpurification of mixed domains. Herein, a novel ternary device is introduced that uses DY-P2EH, a tethered dimeric SMA with conjugated side-chains as host acceptor, and BTP-ec9, a monomeric SMA as secondary acceptor, which respectively possess hypomiscibility and hypermiscibility with the polymer donor PM6. This unique combination affords a parallel-connected ternary BHJ blend, leading to a hierarchical and stable morphology. The ternary device achieves a remarkable fill factor of 80.61% and an impressive power conversion efficiency of 19.09%. Furthermore, the ternary device exhibits exceptional stability, retaining over 85% of its initial efficiency even after enduring 1100 h of thermal stress at 85°C. These findings highlight the potential advantage of tethered SMAs in the design of ternary devices with a refined hierarchical structure for more efficient and durable solar energy conversion technologies.

Semiconductor quantum dots as a mechanism to enhance charge transfer processes in polymer solar cells

The light trapping capability of thin film polymer solar absorber, composed of poly (3-hexylthiophene) and [6,6]–phenyl C61- butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PC60BM) blend, is improved using ZnS semiconductor quantum dots (QD) as third donor-acceptor (D:A) component. The inherent characteristics of the microwave-assisted synthesized ZnS QD, such as quantum size effect, and multiple exciton generation were leveraged in harvesting high energy photons, which resulted in a better exciton generation, dissociation, and effective charge transport in the polymer medium. The synthesized QD exhibited good phase purity, effective kinetic enhancement, and control of the aggregation process. Hence, the impact of ZnS QD on the performance of thin film polymer solar cells (TFPSC) is evident by a remarkable improvement in the measured photovoltaic parameters. Nonetheless, it is observed that the device performances are generally dependent on the concentration of the QD in the absorber layer. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency has increased by 58% at 3% concentration of QDs by weight. This is an interesting development of TFPSC fabricated under an ambient environment.

Investigations of charge extraction and trap-assisted recombination in polymer solar cells via hole transport layer doped with NiO nanoparticles

Polymer solar cells (PSCs) are limited in their power conversion efficiency (PCE) by trap-assisted recombination caused by localized deep trap states. Therefore, developing efficient hole transport layers (HTLs) for PSCs is essential for facilitating the hole extraction stage from the photoactive layers. As part of this study, an organic/inorganic hybrid HTL was prepared by mixing synthesized nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles (NPs) of average size ranging from 16 to 21 nm with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Based on this hybrid HTL, multilayer PSCs with an ITO/ZnO/P3HT:PC61BM/P3HT:NiO NPs/MoO3/Ag structure were fabricated and characterized. As a result of the incorporation of the optimum ratio of 5 wt% NiO NPs in the P3HT layer, the PCE obtained 3.73% compared to pristine devices (2.70%) fabricated without the P3HT layer. A charge extraction by increasing voltage (CELIV) measurement confirmed enhanced hole extraction at the active layer/HTL interface. The low fluorescence emission of the P3HT/NiO NPs film enabled efficient hole extraction at the active layer/hybrid HTL interface. Adding NiO NPs beyond 5 wt% to the P3HT layer causes deep trap states to form, which facilitated trap-assisted recombination and slowed down the mobility of the holes. Consequently, we can gain insight into how to improve PSC performance with hybrid HTL.

Morphology manipulation of photoactive layer through block copolymer to improve the photovoltaic performances of polymer solar cells

Additive treatment is an effective method for manipulating the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photoactive layer morphology of polymer solar cells (PSCs). In this work, block copolymer, polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA), was elaborately selected (according to Flory–Huggins theory) as an additive for active layer to manipulate the BHJ morphology and to enhance the photovoltaic performance of devices. As results, with a PS-b-PAA concentration of 0.4 mg/ml, the corresponding devices achieve a significant power conversion efficiency (PCE) improvement to 13.08%. By systematically analysis, the improved PCE can be ascribed to more appreciate phase separation induced by incorporation of PS-b-PAA. For the instance of the photovoltaic physical process, more suitable morphology can induce improved charge transport efficiency, suppressed bimolecular recombination and monomolecular recombination or trap-assisted recombination. In comparing, the photovoltaic performance of devices with PS-b-PAA is obviously better than that of devices with insulating polymer polystyrene (PS) and polyacrylic acid (PAA). Hence, this work checks the morphology manipulation effects of block copolymer PS-b-PAA and provides an effective and facile method to improve the morphology and photovoltaic performances of PSCs.

Suppressing charge recombination in disordered polymers blend medium

Charge recombination is one of the critical factors that influences the performance of thin film polymer solar cells (TFPSCs). In this investigation, metal, plasmonic nano-particles are employed to suppress charge recombination and energy loss in TFPSC. Trimetallic nano-composite (NC) was successfully synthesized and composed of copper, nickel, and silver (Cu/Ni/Ag) using wet chemistry. The NC was incorporated into polymer-based solar absorber layers at different concentrations. The absorber layer is a fullerene-based bulk-heterojunction design using poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) donor polymer. The results show that the power conversion efficiency of the device doped with NC has improved by 85% compared to the undoped one. The incorporation of tri-metallic NC into the polymer blend solar absorber resulted in enhanced optical absorption and improved collection of photo-current as reflected by the recorded high short circuit current density (J ) and fill factor. The enhancement of the performance is due to the occurrence of local surface plasmon resonances in the polymer medium. The experiment indicated that there is some increment in an open circuit voltage, which is attributed to the low energy losses as a result of improved exciton dissociation, charge carrier transport, and collection.

Ternary solvent strategy enhancing the photovoltaic performance of ternary polymer solar cells

Ternary solvent strategy enhancing the photovoltaic performance of ternary polymer solar cells

Efficiency boost of inverted polymer solar cells using electrodeposited n-type Cu<sub>2</sub>O electrons selective transport layers (ESTLs)

Polymer solar cells (PSCs) have attracted tremendous interest as suitable candidates for harnessing solar energy in the recent years. The inherent optoelectronic properties of the inorganic transition metal oxide, negative type cuprous oxide (n-Cu2O), makes it an attractive candidate to improve the performance of PSCs when incorporated as the electron selective transport layers (ESTLs) in the device. In this study, inverted PSCs were fabricated on stainless steel (SS) substrates with n-Cu2O as the ESTL. The n-Cu2O films were prepared by electrodeposition method, followed by annealing under ambient conditions. The active layer material was prepared as bulk heterojunction blend using regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). Poly-(4,3-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulphonate) (PEDOT:PSS) was used as the hole transport layer (HTL) and the final device structure was SS/n-Cu2O/P3HT:PCBM/PEDOT:PSS/Au. Annealing of the n-Cu2O ESTL in air was optimized observing the photoactive performance of the device. Optoelectronic performance of the devices was characterized using spectral response and dark and light current-voltage (I-V) measurements. n-Cu2O ESTL- incorporated devices have absorbed more photons in the short wavelength region of 450‒600 nm with the annealing of n-Cu2O ESTL due to the reduction of electron-hole recombination. The performance of the devices was significantly increased after incorporating pre-annealed n-Cu2O ESTL at 175 °C for 30 min in air. The maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) was 0.35%.

Synergetic Effect of the Iridium Complex for Morphology Optimization in Efficient and Thermally Stable Polymer Solar Cells

Active layer morphology is one of the crucial factors for achieving excellent device performance in polymer solar cells. Recently, solid additives have drawn great attention due to their great potential in morphology control, but a detailed explanation about the working mechanism of solid additive systems is still lacking. In this work, we provided an iridium complex-based solid additive (Ir-OH) to control the morphology and crystallinity of the photoactive layer by utilizing the synergetic effect of dual additives 1-chloronaphthalene and Ir-OH. The morphology of the devices with dual additives exhibited appropriate phase separation and domain size, which provided more continuous pathways for charge transport and also exhibited condensed π–π stacking and fine molecular ordering of photoactive materials, resulting in enhanced charge collection probability. Consequently, the treatment of dual additives exhibited enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) with enhanced exciton dissociation, charge collection, and reduced bimolecular recombination. In addition, we found that the device with dual additives exhibited strong thermal stability under a constant heat treatment at 130 °C, and the device performance retained 65% during 24 h, showing an improved PCE of 13.89%. We expected that the favorable morphology of active materials in metal complexes can suppress thermal degradation and lead to improved device performance.