Waste Management Performance Research Articles

Process-Based Emission Modelling for Sustainability Assessment in Municipal Solid Waste Management: A Comparative Study

Developments in Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) systems depend on socio-cultural, political, economic, and environmental issues. The ability to assess and evaluate the level and nature of these relationships plays a critical role in measuring the performance level vis-à-vis sustainability of waste management systems. The current criteria adopted for assessing waste management performance do not capture an accurate and comprehensive representation of MSWM scenarios from collection to disposal. Hence the methodologies do not accurately measure the level of impacts resulting from waste management systems or, indirectly, the environmental, economic, social, and cultural costs of MSWM. This research develops a waste management performance assessment protocol that captures all relevant components of waste management processes. The methodology is based on emission as the indicator of choice for assessing the performance of a city-wide or regional waste management system. The study developed a framework, Comprehensive Emission Quantification Model (CEQ-Model), for measuring the sustainability of the MSWM system hinged on process-based emission modelling. This framework incorporated aspects of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines and Life Cycle Thinking (LCT), framed using carefully selected MSWM scenarios in New Zealand. In a ranked cumulative emission quantification assessment of four Territorial Authorities (TA), the research determined the performance level of each TA relative to others. Auckland Council, with a total emission of 4.272x1012 KgCO2-e generated from disposing of 2,425,022 tonnes of waste, was the most unsustainable territory, followed by Rotorua District with total emission of 6.666x10 10 KgCO2-e from 45,000 tonnes of waste, and Waikato District with emission of 5.380x10 10 KgCO2-e from 29,796 tonnes. In comparison, the most sustainable TA is Opotiki District with total emission of 2.314x10 9 KgCO2-e from 1,450 tonnes of waste, giving emission per tonne of waste per year as 1.762 GgCO2-e, 1.806 GgCO2-e, 1.6 GgCO2-e, and 1.481 GgCO2-e for Auckland Council, Waikato District, Opotiki District, and Rotorua District respectively.

Unified waste metrics: A gamified tool in next-generation strategic planning

A gamification approach for tackling waste management planning and urban development provide a more engaging and interactive experience with high pedagogical potential. Existing serious games involving waste management are complex in their data ingestion, use, and presentation, limiting individuals' opportunities to gain knowledge and decision-making skills transferrable to the real world. Simulations, by comparison, provide either an oversimplified and unrealistic user interface or explore in depth individual rather than aggregate key performance indicators for waste management, limiting potential knowledge retention. There is a clear opportunity in creating an informative, easy-to-use simulation-based game to help stakeholders build understanding of waste management policies, performance, and causal relationships. This gamified tool provides clear feedback through quick-visibility performance indicators (i.e., waste accumulation index, waste compositional analysis, prevention activities etc.) and offers the opportunity, through multi-criteria decision making, of simulating real-life scenarios and previewing the possible outcomes of certain in-game actions. The research question is how the process of gamification might serve as powerful tool for educating decision makers. The results are considered as a reference point to any policy maker intending to assess environmental performance, proposed activities to reach Circular Economy targets, and European Green Deal and UN Sustainable Development Goals.

Instrument Development to Measure the Medical Waste Management Performance in Healthcare Centers, Bandung, West Java

BACKGROUND: Medical waste produced by healthcare centers needs to be managed according to the requirements to prevent disease transmission and environmental pollution. An instrument is required to assess the performance of healthcare centers in Indonesia in managing their medical waste. AIM: This study aims to develop an instrument to assess medical waste handling performance indicators in Indonesia’s healthcare centers (Puskesmas). METHODS: We used qualitative and quantitative methods to ensure performance indicator instruments’ validity, reliability, and quality. Data samples were taken from 70 healthcare centers in Bandung city. The performance assessment tools were created using 20 indicators, taking into account the instrument’s validity and reliability. RESULTS: Results revealed that medical waste management’s performance in healthcare centers in Bandung was under the good category (60.0%). The best waste management performance categories were shown by healthcare centers level 1 (100.0), level 2 (66.7%) and level 3 (46.2%), also healthcare centers with Basic Emergency Neonatal Obstetrics Services (PONED) services (100.0%). Our results showed that financial, storage and healthcare with PONED services correlate with the amount of medical waste managed. CONCLUSIONS: The instrument developed can be used to assess, monitor, and evaluate medical waste management performance in healthcare centers and become part of healthcare centers’ accreditation.

Regulatory Framework for the Disposal and Management of Personal Protective equipment (PPE) During Covid-19 in Bangladesh

COVID-19 is generating significant amounts of hazardous medical waste in Bangladesh due to the increased use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in hospitals and other professions. That is creating a heavy impact on Bangladesh’s poor waste management and environmental performance. The Government has enacted the Medical Waste Management Rules in 2008 but it failed to provide an appropriate, safe, and cost-effective strategy. This paper intends to scrutinize the existing legal framework for managing abandoned Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and medical waste. Recommendations have also been given to strengthen the regulatory framework for the effective management of abandoned Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and medical wastes.

Factors influencing performance in municipal solid waste management - A case study of Czech municipalities.

The study presents research focused on factors influencing performance in municipal solid waste management (MSWM) at the level of individual municipalities in the Czech Republic. Czech municipalities possess a specific municipal structure that is characteristic of high fragmentation, in which municipalities spatially resemble conglomerates. In spite of their typically small size, they cling to their own independence and are thus willing to assume full responsibilities in MSWM. In recognition that expenditure on MSWM is the primary concern to municipalities and that there are secondary environmental interests in waste separation, four alternative models of waste management service production are considered for a sample of 470 Czech municipalities that capture performance from different standpoints. Performance in MSWM is assessed by dint of data envelopment analysis (DEA). Full frontiers are employed simultaneously with order-m partial frontiers and resulting unconditional-to-conditional scores are investigated for the influence of twelve contextual factors describing operating conditions of MSWM. The analysis accounts for the fact that in this case the twelve contextual factors are found non-separable from the process underpinning the provision of MSWM. It is revealed that performance in MSWM improves with the availability of recycling consolidation facilities, but programs inciting waste separation or green waste collection do not bring about the anticipated effect. The findings are instrumental in planning of MSWM and equip municipalities with policy advice that is useful in improving performance in MSWM and subsequently in reaching ever stricter environmental targets requested over time at both national and international levels translated to a municipal level.

Ecological Solid Waste Management Program of Elementary Schools in Agusan del Norte Division: Success Stories, Challenges and Prospects

The main goal of the study is to ascertain level of Ecological Solid Waste Management Program awareness, implementation and performance of the public elementary schools, discover their success stories and unveil the challenges and prospects in the implementation of ESWM.

Assessing the circularity performance in a European cross-country comparison

Reuse and recycling are two of the most important strategies involved in the practical implementation of the circular economy (CE). Even if several indices have been defined to quantify the performance of waste management, none of them has integrated a mix of waste streams such as waste from electrical and electronic equipment, end-of-life vehicles, and municipal solid waste. The present paper proposes a new Waste Circularity Index (WCI) generated by a weighted average, with weights established through pairwise comparison using the analytic hierarchy process methodology. Nine indices (three for each waste stream) are combined, and three measurement logics are adopted. Results show that the 28 European Member States (MSs) can be clustered into six groups, with a reference to the European average. Denmark emerges as the best performer within the 2014–2018 timeframe. In addition, there are also contradicting results about certain waste streams in western MSs.

The household waste management tariff in Ukraine and its effect on the waste management performance indicators

Introduction. The article analyzes the efficiency of household waste management in Ukraine and summarizes the conclusions. The results are compared with the results in the European Union and the main differences are highlighted. The hypothesis that waste management tariffs are insufficient to stimulate change and achieve the desired waste disposal and recycling targets is considered, and conclusions are drawn. The aim of the article. The aim of the research to analyze relation between the poor household waste management results and the organizational and financial aspects in Ukraine. The reference indicators to compare with are the official reported household waste management data and the results of own research in the advanced European countries. The method. The research analyzes all the available official data, related to the household waste generation rates in the Ukrainian cities, and the treatment methods implemented to avoid their accumulation in landfills. Furthermore, this article explores into the waste management tariffs formation methods in the various Ukrainian regions, and finally, concludes the average household waste management cost per ton. Finally, the share of the household waste management cost in the annual income per ca pita in Ukraine is compared with the same ratio in three advanced European countries: Germany; Switzerland and; Netherlands. Results. The research analyzed the household waste mass flow in Ukraine and found out that more than 99% of it ends up in the landfills, while this value in European Union is less than 25%. Further analyses were conducted to understand the efficiency of the installed household waste treatment infatuation and the results showed it was unsatisfactory (less than 25%). In the final part of the research, the tariffs in Ukraine were compared to those in Germany, Switzerland and the Netherlands, and it was concluded that the tariffs in Ukraine are too low to justify the installation of adequate infrastructure and build sufficient sorting and recycling facilities.

Business Process Reengineering Of Aviation Waste Management Based On Iso 14001: 2015 At Soekarno-Hatta Airport

The average daily aviation waste at Soekarno-Hatta Airport is ± 315 tons and it will be affected to the passengers and also on the environment. This is due to the low recycling rate of waste management at Soekarno-Hatta Airport. This research aims to determine the Business Process Reengineering (BPR) based on ISO 14001:2015, cost-efficiency, and waste management performance at Soekarno-Hatta Airport. The method used in this study is an explanatory survey with used the descriptive and verification analysis. The analysis approach using Partial Least Square (PLS). Validity and reliability tests and process data used WarpPLS 7.0 software. The result is that BPR, ISO 14001:2015, cost-efficiency, and waste management performance at Soekarno-Hatta Airport were not optimal. BPR had a partially significant and positive influence on cost-efficiency and waste management performance. ISO 14001:2015 also had a significant and positive effect on cost-efficiency and waste management performance. Cost-efficiency had a positive and significant effect on waste management performance. However, it did not mediate the relationship between BPR variables and waste management performance and ISO 14001:2015 with waste management performance.

Indicators for measuring Performance of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Khartoum State

Population and urbanization growth caused an increase in the amount of solid waste generated. The 7- cleaning projects responsible for the collection and transport of Solid Waste (SW) for Khartoum State are currently unableto perform their duties to the level expected with the result that the city is unclean and there is considerable impact on the environment and health of the citizens. There is a need to quantify these general observations. This isdone by the use of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). This paper aims to identify a set of KPIs for measuring the performance of Solid Waste Management (SWM) system at the collection and transport level. The study targetedthe 7-cleaning projects -in particular, the operation department responsible for collection and transport of SW for each cleaning project together with the operation department at the Supervisory Authority of Cleaning Khartoum (SACKH) which supervises their work. List of 28 potential performance indicators have been identifed through the literature review. A surveyquestionnaire was conducted on a randomly selected sample of the operation departments . The statistical analysis of the collected responses was provided in 11 signifcant KPIs. It is hoped that the results of this study will becomethe frst step in developing Integrated KPIs for enhancing the performance of SWM of Khartoum state- the capital of Sudan.

Performance evaluation of waste management in MRF-3R (case study Sukoharjo District)

Independent waste management system based on the community with the implementation of Material Recovery Facilities with reduce, reuse, recycle principles (MRF 3R) has been widely applied in various places, including Sukoharjo District. Based on data from DLH Sukoharjo District, currently in Sukoharjo District there are 6 MRF-3R. The current condition of MRF-3R still cannot be monitored optimally, so the performance of each MRF-3R is not yet known. This study aims to evaluate the performance of waste management in MRF-3R by taking a case study in Sukoharjo District. This research was conducted based on the 2017 MRF-3R Technical Guidelines. This study will evaluate aspects of supporting regulatory products and technical technology. Based on evaluation results of supporting regulatory product aspects, the final value for 5 MRF-3R can be categorized as medium. Meanwhile, evaluation results of technical and technology aspects of each MRF-3R have a different categorization result. Following are the technical and technology evaluation results from each MRF-3R, MRF-3R Gonilan is categorized as a medium, MRF-3R Gumpang is categorized as not good, MRF-3R Ngabeyan is categorized as good, MRF-3R Kwarasan is categorized as not good, and MRF-3R Sanggrahan is categorized as medium.

Development of a knowledge-based tool for waste management of prefabricated steel structure projects

Although the construction industry is critical for sustainability goals due to the high amount of waste it generates, its waste management performance is still not at the desired level. One of the main reasons for this can be attributed to the lack of enough knowledge of construction companies on the sources/reasons of waste and amount of waste. The major aim of this study was to develop a knowledge-based tool for capturing, storing, and disseminating waste-related knowledge for prefabricated steel construction projects. The developed tool can be used for waste estimation, monitoring, and minimization of all materials used during different phases of prefabricated steel structure projects based on the data captured from current and previous projects. One advantage of the tool is the integration of all processes of waste management, which have been usually considered independently in previous studies. Moreover, being a knowledge-based tool, it can increase awareness and learning ability of companies about waste and its management. Finally, although the process model of the tool is generic and can operate in alternative domains, the tool is applicable for only prefabricated steel projects. It is believed that the process model and the tool presented in this paper can be further customized for different project types and considering different company needs.

Effectiveness-efficiency nexus in municipal solid waste management: A non-parametric evidence-based study

The scope of this work is to present a comprehensive approach to analyze the effectiveness-efficiency nexus in the evaluation of the performance of municipal solid waste (MSW) management. The rate of separate MSW collection is used to measure service effectiveness. A multiple set of non-parametric indicators is employed to obtain measurements of technical, scale and congestion efficiencies of waste service provision. This approach was implemented to conduct an empirical study to evaluate the performance of MSW management in 258 municipalities in the Apulia region (Southern Italy) from 2010 to 2017. The study was organized in two phases. In the first phase, measures for the three efficiency indicators were calculated applying Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with an output-oriented model specification. In the second phase, Panel Tobit analysis with random parameters was employed to examine the effectiveness-efficiency one way nexus, considering both municipalities’ heterogeneities and context-specific variables. The efficiency analysis shows that several municipalities are still far from achieving acceptable performance scores. Between 2010 and 2017 the average rate of separate MSW collection increased only from 16.6% to 39.6%, while the average loss of technical efficiency ranged from 27% to 39%. On average, such inefficiency was due to an important extent to the low pure technical efficiency that ranged from about 69% to 81%, and to a lesser extent to scale and congestion inefficiencies. Indeed, scale efficiency was between 85.4% and 92.6%, whereas congestion efficiency was higher than 99%. The study also highlights that there is no trade-off between effectiveness and efficiency. For the largest part of the municipalities, high levels of effectiveness and efficiency can be achieved at the same time. For about 83% of the municipalities the decrease of the sorted waste collection rate is associated to a decrease of the pure technical efficiency. A drop of the output congestion efficiency due to a relatively high collection of the unsorted fraction of waste reduces the rate of the sorted waste collection for most of municipalities (77.3%). Results also indicate that for many municipalities (about 87%) improving the MSW service effectiveness necessarily requires reducing the average quantity of waste generated by people.

Transitioning to a circular economy in developing countries: A collaborative approach for sharing responsibilities in solid waste management of a Brazilian craft brewery

The linear model practiced in developing countries as Brazil to solid waste management can no longer absorb the amount of waste generated by the cities’ economic activities, and it hinders the self-recovery ability of the environment leading to environmental problems. Consequently, it is necessary a transition to a circular economy model so that environmental problems may be avoided. Brazilian authorities have already been mobilized to seek ways to transitioning, and one way is centered on reverse logistics and shared responsibility for solid waste management laid down in Law No. 12,305/2010. However, this transition does not occur smoothly due to solid waste management in Brazil involves different segments of society, which implies different responsibilities for each segment, as well as a good interaction between them, but there is not an adequate approach to define the responsibilities. Therefore, this study seeks to develop a collaborative approach capable of defining responsibilities towards solid waste management. The proposed approach embedded three methods: Value Focused Thinking, Flexible and Interactive Tradeoff, and Shapley value. The approach was applied to a craft brewery located in a northeastern Brazilian city. The findings show that segments were able to define sustainable responsibilities for the tactical performance of solid waste management in transitioning to a circular economy.

Analisis Kinerja Pengelolaan Sampah Kota Palangka Raya

In the city of Palangka Raya with a population of 266,000 people, waste is a problem, among others, due to the limited facilities and infrastructure to support waste transportation. The average amount of waste transported by the Palangka Raya City Garbage Transport Team only reached 48.94% of the total waste that must be transported every month which reached 27,628.2 m³. Thus, the rate of waste production is still faster than efforts to overcome it. The purpose of this research is to study the performance of waste management in Palangka Raya City from the generation of waste, support for financing, and regulation, as well as to study the priority aspects as supporting the performance of waste management so that waste management can improve and the aspects that are the main causes and can affect the management performance of waste, as well as how the planning and commitment of the Palangka Raya City government towards improving the performance of waste management. The research method is quantitative descriptive, analysis of waste management performance data and priority setting is carried out with a Likert Scale modification. The number of respondents as many as 30 people who are all waste management supervisors in Pahandut and Jekan Raya Subdistricts which are the research locations. The results show that the value response in the form of a percentage that is considered appropriate requires priority handling, namely waste facilities (81%) as the first priority, financial support (70%) as the second priority, waste generation (69%) the third priority, regulation (65%) , and waste infrastructure (53%). In general, the performance of solid waste management in the City of Palangka Raya needs to be improved, especially in the waste facilities because the amount of waste generated in the City of Palangka Raya has not been balanced with the performance of waste management.

Rethinking performance measurement models using a fuzzy logic system approach: a performative exploration on ownership in waste management

Literature on performance measurement in waste management service, usually considers assessment tools and methods that focus only on a specific dimension of performance and lacks methods and models that simultaneously consider more dimensions. In this study, adopting the fuzzy logic expert system, we propose a performance measurement model that simultaneously considers three performance dimensions: profitability, financial characteristics and efficiency. To show its empirical implementation, a quantitative analysis was developed regarding the service provided in the 106 Italian provincial capitals that have different owner structures (private, public and mixed). As output, the fuzzy logic system approach adopted generated a rating for the assessment of the performance of the entities, and then a ranking of the cities based on the same. The main results show that: 1) the public owned companies that provide the waste management service have an overall better performance than those with private or mixed ownerships; 2) cities that entrust the waste management service to the same company do not occupy an adjacent position in the ranking.As practical implications, the proposed model can help public administrators: a) to control the outcomes of their entities (as the TARI); b) to make a decision whether to provide solid waste management services directly or through a private entity chosen to provide the service in return for a negotiated fee; c) to compare waste management services provided in different cities in an objective way and to monitor their performance over time, with the aim of achieving continuous improvement. The model's outcomes are useful to assist public managers and politicians in assessing the compliance level of performance goals related to the solid waste service; while the overall performance index is a useful tool to assist the decision-making process leading to change either fully or partially, their nature from public to mixed or private. The proposed method is able to formalize and automate the decision-making process concerning the evaluation of the performance of waste management, reducing the distortions of the political and environmental context.

Developing an effectiveness index for biomedical waste management in Indian states using a composite indicators approach.

The waste from healthcare facilities (HCFs) is most devastating as they induce health hazards and pollute the environment. The effective management of biomedical waste is an essential function of the state governments, depending on state policies and facilities in HCFs. The performance assessment at the state level provides explanatory information for the decision-makers to dispose of biomedical waste. Therefore, this paper aims to establish an effectiveness index for assessing the performance of biomedical waste management for the Indian states. The designed conceptual framework, which acts as the building block for the index, interlinks the technical, managerial, and sustainability dimensions. To assess the existing waste management practices, significant sub-indicators are analyzed for India's northern and southern states. The indicators are transformed into comparable units using the proportionate normalization technique. The weight to the respective indicators follows the entropy method and additive aggregation to form the indices for various states. The developed index allows comparing management practices among the states and highlights the alarming situation. Based on the magnitude of indices values, states are categorized as red, yellow, and green zones. The robustness of the model is validated by performing sensitivity analysis and the cluster analysis tests the reliability of indicators and categorization of states with the existing methodology. The analysis will be useful to the decision-makers of state pollution boards by providing special attention to capacity building and waste prevention technologies.

Increasing resident participation in waste management through intrinsic factors cultivation

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Resident participation in waste management is essential to overcome waste problems effectively. In many developing countries, the local government has been struggling to encourage resident involvement in the waste management process, but the participation rate is still low. Thus, it requires a system that can encourage residents to participate effectively and sustainably. Therefore, this study aimed to determine what determinant factors, either extrinsic or intrinsic, significantly improve resident participation by changing behaviour toward waste management.METHODS: This study tried to get insights from previous studies about key determinant factors affecting resident behaviour toward waste management to improve participation, significantly using a literature review method.FINDINGS: Educational setting for residents is crucial to improve waste management participation by cultivating key intrinsic factors with support from extrinsic factors that lead to changing behaviour. This study identified eight types of key contents shared in the educational setting to ensure its improvement. Key intrinsic factors should be cultivated, including six kinds of knowledge and five emotional domain factors. The six critical types of knowledge include technical experience, waste management performance knowledge, perception of benefits, environmental awareness, understanding of individual and social responsibility, and understanding the social norms and regulations. The five intrinsic factors in the emotional domain include environmental efficacy, motivation, personal moral norms, PBC, and Attitude toward waste management. All the critical determinant factors, including intrinsic and extrinsic factors, should support each other to improve residents’ behaviour, leading to sustainable participation.CONCLUSION: Relevance of educational content to the residents is crucial to ensure educational intervention effectiveness. With full support from the antecedent factors, waste management behaviour can be nurtured sustainably, significantly increasing the participation rate. Combining extrinsic and intrinsic factors is recommended to ensure the effectiveness of the improvement of resident participation.

Pengelolaan Limbah Medis Rumah Sakit Gigi Mulut

Background: Hospital environmental management is a series of cycles and management strategies to develop environmental management capacity. The hospital is one of the biggest waste producers that has the potential to cause pollution to the surrounding environment, both the community and the hospital itself. Hospitals produce waste that increases every day, especially solid waste which can be divided into medical and non-medical waste. Management of hospital medical and non-medical solid waste is needed for the comfort and cleanliness of the hospital environment, because it can prevent health problems. Method: This type of research is qualitative with a research design a Focus Group Discussion (FGD), with a sample of 5 respondents. The types of data used are primary and secondary data. Result: Based on results of the research, it was found that the Unimus Dental Hospital has a permit and also corporation with third parties related to medical management, where in this case, of course, the Unimus Dental Hospital already has a storage room for medical and non-medical waste according to applicable standards. Conclusion: Management of medical waste at RSGM Unimus is already good, it needs regular mentoring and evaluation so that performance in medical waste management is well monitored.

Examining the Interconnections Between Sustainable Logistics Practices, Environmental Reputation and Financial Performance: A Mediation Approach

As environmental awareness and the patronage of logistics services grow, there is a growing demand for the logistics sector to provide more sustainable environmental services, and although the logistics sector performs functions such as reverse logistics, packaging, inventory management, transportation, warehousing, waste management, distribution, etc., which are very core to economic growth, they also significantly contribute to greenhouse effect and consume huge amounts of resources. This study, drawing on the institutional theory and the natural resource-based view, explores the framework through which sustainable logistics practices such as sustainable transportation, reverse logistics and management of waste, sustainable packaging and distribution, green monitoring and evaluation, and sustainable information sharing influence environmental reputation and financial performance. The study adopted partial least square structural equation modelling technique in analysing data due to it having more statistical power. The findings of the study showed that sustainable logistics practices had enormous influence on environmental reputation and financial performance. In terms of mediation, environmental reputation had no mediation effect between waste management and financial performance but partially mediated the relationships between sustainable transportation, sustainable information sharing and financial performance, while fully mediating the relationships between reverse logistics, sustainable packaging and distribution, green monitoring and evaluation, and financial performance. This study concentrated on the logistics sector; thus, this study results will provide vital data to both scholars and practitioners in comprehending the call and need to integrate sustainable policies and strategies into business and industrial operations to ensure environmental preservation.