Tourism Performance Research Articles

Evaluating Business Performance and Efficiency in the Medical Tourism: A Multi-criteria Approach

Measuring the performance and efficiency of the tourism enterprises is essential regarding the current pandemic situation. In such a context, improving their financial situation and competitive position also depend on the use of innovative multi-criteria evaluation models. The paper's main objective is to propose the newly designed Performance & Efficiency model (P&E model) for Slovak spa enterprises. Its structure consists of three dimensions – P&E_I, P&E_II, P&E_III. The application of Confirmatory Factor Analysis validates 34 key performance ratios reflecting the financial situation of enterprises within the P&E_I. In case of P&E_II, the development of value-added dynamics is measured by using the Economic Value Added Momentum. Using the Data Envelopment Analysis, the level of enterprise efficiency is quantified (P&E_III). The partial results of the dimensions are transformed using min-max normalization to the overall score ranging from 0 to 3. Based on the results, a rating scale of all enterprises is carried out, and both their partial and overall positions are assessed through benchmarking. During the research (2013 – 2018), the best results are achieved for SE03 (Spa Bojnice, Inc.), SE21 (Specialised Spa Institute Marína, s.e.), and SE18 (Spa Horný Smokovec, Ltd.). The worst-rated spa enterprises include SE14 (Natural Iodine Spa Číž, Inc.), SE09 (Spa Sliač, Inc.), and SE19 (Pieniny Resort, Ltd.). The proposed P&E model is easily applicable to other tourism enterprises. The research as carried out enables deepening of knowledge concerning the multi-criteria evaluation and management concepts and helps enterprises overcome current unfavorable situations.

PERFORMANCES OF REGIONAL TOURISM IN THE AREA OF NORTHERN SLOVAKIA

Tourism is a dynamically developing segment, belonging to important components of the national and world economy. The Slovak Republic has a suitable starting potential for the development of tourism. The North of the Slovak Republic consists of two self-governing regions, acting as tourism regions, which are the subject of the study. Their offer in terms of tourism is diverse. At present, the development of the tourism phenomenon has been significantly slowed down by the Covid-19 pandemic. The study focuses on the Žilina self-governing region and the Presov self-governing region, which form a unified whole in the North of Slovakia. The aim of this paper is to use analytical methods to identify and describe the performance of tourism in selected regions that form the North of Slovakia. The analysis of tourism development in the Žilina self-governing region and the Presov self-governing region on the basis of selected statistical indicators, points to the development situation in the time horizon of 15 years. Despite the adjective most mountainous part of Slovakia, the results of the study confirm that these regions are attractive, and, in the past, they were experiencing an increase of visitors. This fact subsequently requires the expansion of services in tourism in the form of complex services and a higher degree of cooperation of entities in the region. © 2021, University of Montenegro. All rights reserved.

Small-Scale Entrepreneurial Performance in Sustainable Tourism: The Case of Amasya

With the globalizing trends, innovative approaches have stood out in the tourism sector. In line with these approaches, the number of entrepreneurships in tourism increases and a significant association is formed between tourism and entrepreneurship in terms of sustainability. Tourism activities, which have an important role in regional development, can make significant contributions to the economy of the region with the entrepreneurship activities carried out by the local people. This study sets forth the relationship between tourism and entrepreneurship in ensuring sustainable tourism development in the tourism destination of Amasya, which is rich in historical areas, cultural and natural features, based on small-scale enterprises. The study covers identification of key success factors affecting tourism entrepreneurship and testing of the relationship between the factors and performance via the SPSS program (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) by conducting a survey that measures subjective and objective perception with 78 small-scale tourism enterprises. As the result of the study, it has been concluded that environmental, organizational, enterprise-oriented and entrepreneur-oriented features should be discussed in a holistic manner in the development of sustainable tourism entrepreneurship.

The indirect distribution dilemma: assessing the financial impact of participation in Booking.com for hotels

The Indirect Distribution Dilemma: Assessing the Financial Impact of Participation in Booking.com for HotelsDiseño/metodología/enfoqueUna estimación GMM en dos pasos de un modelo de regresión del rendimiento de los activos (ROA) a nivel de empresa sobre una variable ficticia que indica si un establecimiento de alojamiento participa en Booking.com. La evaluación contenía diversas variables de control, como el tamaño, la edad, el apalancamiento, la liquidez y el ROA retardado. El efecto moderador de la edad y el tamaño de la empresa se estudió incluyendo variables de interacción entre la variable ficticia de Booking.com y la edad y el tamaño, respectivamente. El modelo se estimó utilizando datos de participación y financieros de 775 empresas belgas durante un periodo de 20 años (1999–2018).ObjetivoEvaluar si los beneficios superan los costes de la participación en agencias de viajes online (OTAs) como Booking.com.ConclusionesLos resultados indican que la participación en Booking.com está asociada a una mayor rentabilidad, siendo este efecto más importante y pronunciado desde el punto de vista económico para las propiedades hoteleras más pequeñas.Limitaciones/implicaciones de la investigaciónEl estudio proporciona un modelo empírico ampliamente aplicable para evaluar el impacto de la participación en la plataforma en los resultados financieros de las empresas turísticas, hoteleras o minoristas.Implicaciones prácticasEl estudio proporciona pruebas empíricas de que, desde la perspectiva de los costes de transacción, los beneficios de la participación en las OTAs superan los costes, lo que se traduce en una rentabilidad sustancialmente mayor. Las pruebas pueden utilizarse para justificar el uso de las OTAs como canales de distribución.Originalidad/valorAunque estudios anteriores han descrito y analizado conceptualmente la evolución y el papel de las OTAs en el sector hotelero, y han especulado sobre el efecto neto de la participación en las OTAs, hasta donde sabemos, éste es el primero que evalúa empíricamente si la participación en las OTAs crea valor para los propietarios e inversores de hoteles.

Brand Equity of A Tourist Destination: An Analysis of Domestic Tourists' Perspectives

According to the Ministry of Tourism's performance in 2019, an increase in international tourist visits to 16.1 million persons resulted in a Rp 280 trillion increase in foreign exchange earnings. This industry currently provides 5.5 % to the national gross domestic product and is expected to grow to 9.9 % by 2025. The purpose of this study is to ascertain tourist behavior by evaluating the application of the Bukittinggi City Brand Equity as a tourist destination from the perspective of domestic tourists who have visited the Bukittinggi City and identifying the Brand Equity dimensions, namely brand awareness, brand loyalty, perceived quality, and brand image. This study employs a quantitative methodology. Explanatory studies utilizing hypothesis testing and descriptive analysis are the types of study. The data for this study came from an online survey of 150 domestic visitors that visited Bukittinggi. A one-sample T-test and mean ranking are used to determine how each dimension of Brand Equity is formed. The One-Sample T-Test revealed that the four dimensions had an effect on the behavior of tourists in Bukittinggi City.

Analysis of performance in tourism businesses: A case study in Binh Dinh, Vietnam

Analysis of performance in tourism businesses: A case study in Binh Dinh, Vietnam

Who performed more on worth going to see? Country-wide Ranking and Categorization based on Performance in Travel and Tourism

This study attempts to rank different countries based on their performance in terms of travel and tourism and to categorize them into assemblages. The overall design of the study consists of a review of literature and analysis of secondary data as given on the website of World Development Indicators (WDI). It is a quantitative research study that uses Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) as a technique of investigation. On basis of the results of GRA, a classification has been made under a predetermined scheme of ensigns like exceptionally high, excellent, above average, average, below the average, poor, and very poor performance of countries in travel & tourism. Findings of the study show that under exceptionally high ensign majorly, there are member countries of European Union (EU), whereas, under very poor ensign mainly member countries of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) are categorized. It is an original research study based on country-level data analyzed through a valid mathematical technique of investigation that can generate objective results. This study is useful for the international community/institutions, policymakers, local governments, researchers, tourists & travelers, and society at large since it provides deeper insights into the phenomenon.

A Comparative Study of the Economic Impact of Tourism on the West African Economies

The tourism sector is an imperative source of economic growth which is a composition of both income per capita, GDP per capita, foreign exchange earnings, and employment. These factors are assumed to contribute to economic development of the west African subregion. This research is focused on investigating the comparative impact tourism industry has on economic growth and the contrariwise. In order to realize this goal, we estimated a dynamic panel using the estimator of the systems generalized method of moment’s (GMM) coupled with pooled ordinary least squares (POLS) which are applied to about eight economically viable west African countries for the period 1999 – 2019. This research is an addition to the incomplete empirical studies on the effect tourism has on economic growth and the contrariwise between west African countries. Also, this research contributes by building on preceding researches by presenting a primal possible factor of economic growth, such as the observation of corruption, and by utilizing significant quadratic and collaborating effects. The results show that an increase tourism performance results in a maximum level of economic growth and the west African countries with a high supposed level of corruption have a minimal level of economic growth. By utilizing the economic growth model, we also observed a substantial positive influence of the tourism industry on economic growth of the west African countries. Likewise, the results of econometric analysis for the tourists` arrival model show that economic growth is very important for the progression of the tourism industry. Hence, west African countries are encouraged to establish a very favorable environment (for instance, political stability) and invest their capitals to upsurge the influence of the tourism industry to national income and overall economic growth rate. Keywords: Tourism, west-Africa, Tourists Arrival, Domestic tourism, Panel data, Economic growth. DOI: 10.7176/JTHS/56-01 Publication date: May 31 st 2021

Tourism and low-carbon performance: an fsQCA approach

ABSTRACT This study applied a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to investigate the influence of tourism on changes in low-carbon performance. We additionally introduced economy, renewable energy use, and research and development investment as the antecedent conditions. The results show that the impact of tourism on low-carbon performance is diversified and non-linear. Tourism is not the necessary condition of high or weak low-carbon performance. We found three different low-carbon development models, namely the economy-led development in emerging economies, tourism-led development in developing countries, and innovation-led development in developed countries. We also found the causal asymmetry in the driving mechanism of low-carbon performance.

Does Local Environmental Governance Improve Tourism Companies’ Performance? Evidence from Vietnam

Institutions (rules of law) are important to tourism activities. However, national institutions cannot become effective when the execution of rules of law is inconsistent at the local levels. This study thus examines the role of local governance arrangements on the performance of tourism companies, focusing on environmental governance quality. Utilizing institutional theory, we propose a U-shaped relationship between tourism performance and environmental governance. When environmental governance arrangements are initially implemented, the performance of local tourism companies may be negatively affected due to institutional conflicts. However, as new environmentally responsible values are gradually institutionalized, the performance of the local tourism sector will improve. Analyzing more than three thousand tourism companies in Vietnam in 2018 using instrumental variable technique to control for endogeneity, we find some evidence to support the U-shaped function. Also, it is found that the U-shaped effect is stronger on foreign inbound tourists than on domestic tourists.

Festival travellers’ pro-social and protective behaviours against COVID-19 in the time of pandemic

ABSTRACT With the uncertain pandemic situation on a global scale, pro-social and sustainable tourism performance has been continuously valued and called for. Undoubtedly, the sustainable festival tourism tactics and formation of festival tourists’ personal norms and pro-social intentions urgently need to be investigated. This study has verified the intricate relations where problem awareness of COVID-19, ascription of responsibility, positive and negative anticipated feelings, descriptive and injunctive social norms and a sense of obligation to take pro-social behaviours efficiently affect travellers’ pro-social intentions for mask-wearing, social-distancing and sanitation activities. Moreover, psychological risk perception of COVD-19 and gender as the significant moderators ably broadened the proposed theoretic framework. This research not only enriched the current COVID-19 tourism literature and contributed valuable research direction of pro-social festival tourism from the theoretical perspective, but also provided practical suggestions for promoting the sustainable and pro-social tourism performance.

Can overtourism be managed? Destination management factors affecting residents’ irritation and quality of life

Se puede gestionar el exceso de turismo? Factores de gestión del destino que afectan a la irritación y la calidad de vida de los residentesDiseño/metodología/enfoquePara proponer un modelo de gestión del sobreturismo QOL, se utilizó un enfoque constructivista, basado en factores tomados del modelo conceptual de sobreturismo (Mihalic, 2020). Las relaciones entre los factores se analizaron con un modelo de análisis de rutas con dos factores latentes de segundo orden. El modelo se probó en un escenario real, la ciudad de Ljubljana.PropósitoEn este documento se presenta un modelo para estudiar si una gestión eficaz del destino puede gestionar el exceso de turismo (insostenible) desde la perspectiva de la calidad de vida de los residentes (QOL).HallazgosEl modelo teórico propuesto comprende cinco factores: impactos positivos del turismo, impactos negativos del turismo, irritación por el exceso de turismo, calidad de vida de los residentes y gestión del destino. Las pruebas empíricas confirmaron el modelo. Los impactos positivos del turismo afectaron positivamente la calidad de vida de los residentes a través de la gestión del destino. Los impactos negativos del turismo crearon una irritación de los residentes basada en el exceso de turismo y tuvieron un impacto negativo en su calidad de vida.Limitaciones/implicaciones de la investigaciónEl modelo se limitaba a un grupo de interesados en el turismo sostenible: los residentes de un destino. El desempeño de la sostenibilidad del turismo sólo se evaluó en base a la calidad de vida de los residentes.Implicaciones prácticasImplicaciones sociales y prácticas: El modelo propuesto contribuye al conocimiento conceptual del turismo y puede ser útil para que los gestores de destinos (sostenibles) vigilen la existencia y las causas del exceso de turismo y pueda ayudar a centrar los esfuerzos en la gestión de las causas de la irritación del exceso de turismo y mejorar la calidad de vida de los residentes.Originalidad/valorEl exceso de turismo es una preocupación para los residentes de los destinos turísticos que se irritan por los impactos insostenibles del turismo en los recursos de la comunidad y su QOL. El modelo sugerido es el primero que aborda la capacidad de la gestión del destino para gestionar el sobreturismo insostenible.

Understanding the economic impacts of sea-level rise on tourism prosperity: Conceptualization and panel data evidence

Sea-level rise is a long-term, intractable problem during which costly, large-scale inundation could occur in many countries; hence, tourism development should take this matter into account because ecology and biodiversity are the fundamentals underpinning tourism performance. This study conceptualizes an economic mechanism of the potential effects of sea-level rise on tourism development based on projected impacts for the 2001–2100 period. Data for 48 developing countries across Africa, Asia, and South America are analyzed. The theoretical framework proposes two hypotheses to determine the extent of contradiction between awareness and destruction in relation to environmental protection for tourism development. From the panel data regression results, although destructive effects are bound to dominate the entire 21st century, awareness is latent and has the potential to reverse the destructive outcomes. With evidence from essential economic elements, this study gives new insights into how severe the impacts of sea-level rise on tourism could be if shared values and adaptation measures to mitigate rising sea level are not substantively promoted around the globe. The new findings show a 0.95 standard-deviation decrease in tourism performance following a 1 standard-deviation increase in the economic loss related sea-level rise. Hence, in the main conclusions, we highlight that the projected effect of inundation-related deterioration on a country's tourism sector appears to be approximately on par with the costs of inundations to its economic growth.

Developing a slow city tourism evaluation index: a Delphi-AHP review of Cittaslow requirements

This study proposes and verifies the slow city tourism evaluation index (SCTEI). SCTEI offers scholars and practitioners the capacity to assess the attractiveness and/or performance of slow cities in the context of sustainable tourism. The study participants consisted of a panel of slow city and sustainable development experts. These professionals were engaged in a Delphi-analytic hierarchy process for the purposes of scale development and verification. Four rounds of surveying were conducted and generated a multi-dimensional structure, consisting of seven domains, 18 subdomains, and 60 items. Locality, conviviality, and education were outstanding amongst the seven domains. The newly developed SCTEI provides practical guidelines for ascertaining a slow city’s sustainable tourism performance and offers a standardized instrument for comparison and benchmarking purposes.

Gondang Sabangunan sebagai Pengiring Sigale-Gale untuk Menarik Wisatawan di Museum Huta Bolon Kecamatan Simanindo

This study aims to determine the Gondang Sabangunan performance in accompanying Sigale-gale at the Huta Bolon Museum for packaging tourism performances, impact and government support. The method in this study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The speakers in this study were employees of the Huta Bolon Simanindo Museum, 5 music players, 10 dancers, Simanindo community leaders, and tourists. The data was collected by means of observation, interviews, documentation and literature study. The results showed that the development of cultural tourism through the Gondang Sabangunan performance that accompanied Sigale-gale which is a cultural attraction to attract tourists at the Huta Bolon Simanindo Museum. The tortordi performance of the Huta Bolon Simanindo Museum was held on an open stage in the old village of Huta Bolon. Performances are not sacred but still follow the customary rules of the nigondang such as the number of types of gondang, the rules for requesting the type of gondang, the rules for movement in tortor, clothes and equipment. Another packaging of the show form is the short and dense duration, full of variations, an imitation of the original form. Tourists can enjoy the potential of Batak Toba culture, such as music, dances, historical objects, and the nuances of the Toba Batak village.

Developing an Indicator-Based Framework to Measure Sustainable Tourism in Romania. A Territorial Approach

Sustainable tourism is gaining importance in national agendas to encourage economic growth, social inclusion, and the protection of cultural and natural assets. More than 13 million tourists (10.6 mil. Romanians and 2.6 mil. foreigners) visited Romania in 2019, the fifth consecutive year of growth for the tourism sector. The authors have selected 10 statistical indicators to highlight the main components for tourism sustainability by using the principal component analysis (PCA). The current patterns of sustainable development of tourism and the territorial inequalities at a micro-scale were assessed based on a sustainable tourism index (STI). In addition, to observe the way indicators interact and determine each other and to analyze the territorial disparities, the hierarchical ascending classification was used. The study was performed using the statistical data available at NUTS5/LAU level provided by the National Institute of Statistics. In addition, various data and information extracted from documents published by the UNWTO, National Institute for Research and Development in Tourism, the World Bank, EUROSTAT, etc., were also used. By applying an STI, the authors were able to assess the tourism development level at a national scale in Romania, delineating the most advantaged/disadvantaged areas. The analysis of sustainable tourism in Romania shows that tourism performance is more consolidated in the big cities, the Black Sea coast, the Danube Delta and the Carpathian Mountains. Studies such as the present one are meant to provide a methodological framework that will be useful to perform a quantitative assessment of the sustainable level of tourism development in terms of economic, social and environmental performance.

Key Banking Optimum Settlement Allows Further Performance of Tourism Along with Other Services Industries Products- A Study of Product Performance of Tourism and Insurance

There are innumerable challenges that the banking sector is facing today. Though the different industries find a faster pace than what was before, resources are still at a constraint when it comes to talk about the economic liberalization. The present paper attempts to illustrate on the how the introduction and encroachment of technology through mobile applications can enable a new form of strategic product integration and help in enhancing its own parameters of growth along with the emergence of totally new service domain altogether

Urban tourism performance index over the COVID-19 pandemic

PurposeThis study aims to propose and estimate the urban tourism performance index (UTPI), an index that can measure and track the month-by-month tourism performance on main tourism cities since the initial outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The UTPI is estimated for the following urban destinations: Bangkok, Paris, London, Dubai, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, New York, Istanbul, Tokyo, Seoul, Osaka, Phuket, Milan, Barcelona, Bali and Hong Kong.Design/methodology/approachMonthly based data measuring the tourism industry’s performance for these urban destinations has been collected. This data includes airlines’ and hotels’ performance, as well as potential tourists’ online searches. The obtained data has been combined using a principal component analysis, generating the UTPI.FindingsThe UTPI shows that all urban areas analyzed in this study experienced a devastating negative impact because of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. However, the tourism recovery evolution follows heterogeneous patterns.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed index can be estimated using additional variables. Moreover, the index is only estimated for 16 tourism cities. Future studies can reproduce the methodology by incorporating further variables and amplifying the geographical coverage.Practical implicationsThe UTPI might be useful for researchers and policymakers interested in using a measure of tourism performance during the COVID-19 pandemic in some of the most important urban destinations. Likewise, the UTPI index may serve as a suitable aggregated measure of tourism performance in a post-COVID-19 era or to monitor tourism during future crises.Originality/valueThis study analyzes the tourism performance during the COVID-19 pandemic from an urban perspective.

Affect and performance in ancestral tourism: stories of everyday life, personal heritage, and the family

ABSTRACT Heritage tourism scholars have used notions of performativity and affect to study the ways tourists actively construct and assign meaning to their experience of heritage. However, these concepts remain under-explored in the context of personal heritage tourism. Personal heritage tourism reflects an interest to experience a heritage of personal affective relevance, acknowledging that perceptions of heritage are fluid and subjective. I contribute insight into the conceptualization of personal heritage tourism by exploring the performances and affective entanglements that make genealogy meaningful in the present during travels to an ancestral homeland. Through a qualitative study of Swedish-American ancestral tourists, I propose that processes of meaning making in ancestral tourism include enacting the family, partaking in everyday life, and connecting with mundane physical elements of the past. These performances unfold at sites historical and current in the ancestral homeland. Personal heritage tourism thus finds meaning though affective entanglements with the past, but also through social interactions and mundane activities based in a familiar present. These affective entanglements occur at different locations, not all directly connected to the personal past.

Re-Investigating the Roles of Green Service-scape to Improve Tourism Performance Marketing Service Dominant Logic Perspective: A Literature Review

This study aims to investigate previous research on the co-creation of Green Service-scape Destination (GSD) specifically concerning definitions, theories used, research themes, methodologies, and contexts; studied in accordance with the perspective of Service Dominant Logic (SDL). This study used bibliometric analysis and used Publish or Perish software with Google Scholar as the database. A total of 183 articles published in 122 journals from 2010 to 2020 were selected. This study used systematic data to reveal trends in development markets and qualitative inductive analysis to define relevant themes within the topic. Search results according to keywords, found that the total number of research articles there are 1246, with the most cites themed SDL totally 910. This study provides future directions for research on GSD. GSD generates increased variety of tourist needs through proactive green innovation activities in efforts to adjust services. GSD provides improved methods, types, quality and service design with green environmental conditions, resources and service provider corporate support. To get the maximum advantage of layout and atmosphere is given added value through Innovation. This study reveals trends in co-creation GSD and sustainable marketing performance has the potential to generate job opportunities, empower resources effectively and strategically, increase social expectations and awareness, improve the economy and meet the needs of destinations and the sustainability of a value chain.