Performance Of Storage Devices Research Articles

Nanotech‐Enhanced Chemical Energy Storage with DNA

AbstractDNA nanotechnology has revolutionized materials science by harnessing DNA's programmable properties. DNA serves as a versatile biotemplate, facilitating the creation of novel materials such as electrode materials and DNA hydrogels for electrolytes and membranes. These advancements have significantly boosted the performance of energy storage devices. DNA biotemplates not only enhance supercapacitor capacitance and increase Li–S battery cycling stability but also improve metal ion transport in perovskite solar cells, enhancing power conversion efficiency. Additionally, DNA's addressable nature allows precise enzyme positioning in biofuel cells, enhancing enzyme cascade efficiency. Overall, DNA nanotechnology offers a potent strategy for enhancing electrochemical device performance and stability through structural engineering.

Recent Advances in Salt‐Template Assisted Synthesis of 3D Porous Carbon Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage

AbstractThe structure, morphology, and composition of electrode materials play a crucial role in determining the electrochemical performance of energy storage devices. Among various materials, three‐dimensional (3D) porous carbon stands out for its potential to enhance electrochemical energy storage due to its cost‐effectiveness, excellent ion and electron conductivity, abundant active sites, and customizable pore structure. The salt‐template method offers an environmentally friendly, fast, and cost‐efficient approach to synthesizing 3D porous carbon, with the added advantage of adjustable pore architecture and composition. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in preparing 3D porous carbon and its composites using the salt‐template method, emphasizing their applications in batteries and supercapacitors. It also critically examines the existing challenges and explores potential future directions for further development in this field.

A Dual Effect Additive Modified Electrolyte Strategy to Improve the Electrochemical Performance of Zinc-Based Prussian Blue Analogs Energy Storage Device.

Prussian blue analogs (PBA) exhibit excellent potential for energy storage due to their unique three-dimensional open framework and abundant redox active sites. However, the dissolution of transition metal ions in water can compromise the structural integrity of PBAs, leading to significant issues such as low cycle life and capacity decay. To address these challenges, we proposed a dual-effect additive-modified electrolyte method to alleviate such issues, introducing sodium ferrocyanide (Na4Fe(CN)6) into aqueous alkaline electrolytes. It could not only capture Zn2+ dissolved on the surface of Na1.86Zn1.46[Fe(CN)6]0.87 (ZnHCF) electrode material during the cycling process but also conduct redox reactions on the electrode surface to provide additional capacitance. Through experiments and molecular simulation calculations, it showed that Na4Fe(CN)6 can restrict the movement of Zn dissolution into the electrolyte on the electrode surface. Based on this, an asymmetric supercapacitor based on ZnHCF//activated carbon was assembled with a modified electrolyte. The assembled supercapacitor displayed a specific capacitance of 1,329.65 mF cm-2, a power density of 2,900 mW cm-2, and an energy density of 388.28 mW h cm-2. This study provides a new idea for the design and construction of stable and efficient PBA energy storage materials by inhibiting the leaching of transition metals in PBA.

Hierarchical exsolution in vertically aligned heterostructures

Metal nanoparticle exsolution from metal oxide hosts has recently garnered great attention to improve the performance of energy conversion and storage devices. In this study, the nickel exsolution mechanisms in a vertically aligned nanostructure (VAN) thin film of heteroepitaxial (Sr0.9Pr0.1)0.9Ti0.9Ni0.1O3−δ-Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 with a columnar architecture was investigated for the first time. Experimental results and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the multiple vertical interphases in a VAN with a hierarchical arrangement provide faster and more selective Ni diffusion pathways to the surface than traditional bulk diffusion in epitaxial films. Kinetic studies conducted at different temperatures and times indicate that the nucleation process of the exsolved metal nanoparticles primarily takes place at the surface through the phase boundaries of the columns. The vertical strain is crucial in preserving the film’s microstructure, yielding a robust heteroepitaxial architecture after reduction. This innovative heteromaterial opens up new possibilities for designing efficient devices through advanced structural engineering to achieve controlled nanoparticle formation.

Enhancing Heat Storage Capacity: Nanoparticle and Shape Optimization for PCM Systems

ABSTRACTPhase change material (PCM)‐based heat storage systems utilize the absorption or release of latent heat during a phase change of the storage material to store thermal energy. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of these systems is restricted by the shape and structure of their confinement, as well as the heat conductivity of the storage material. This work investigates a novel method to enhance the effectiveness of PCM systems by concurrently utilizing two techniques: the inclusion of nanoparticles and the alteration of the system's geometry. Introducing nanoparticles enhances the thermal conductivity of the storage medium while altering the shape, which improves heat transfer efficiency by adjusting the surface area available for heat exchange. RT‐35 was tested for use in latent heat thermal energy storage systems for space heating and cooling. With a melting point of 35°C, RT‐35 was chosen to moderate building temperatures by storing and releasing thermal energy for space heating and cooling. The results indicate that using nanoparticles and adjusting shape can greatly enhance the effectiveness of PCM systems. By incorporating Al2O3 nanoparticles, the melting time of the PCM was reduced by 20% compared to the pure PCM, and it is more efficient than the best case of shape modification. These findings indicate that including nanoparticles and modifying the shape are effective methods to improve the performance of heat storage devices. This technology's potential surpasses this study's limits and can be utilized in diverse applications, including solar thermal energy storage, district heating and cooling, and industrial process heat.

Study on the influence law of vortex generating structure on heat transfer performance of heat storage device

Solar energy is emerging as a resilient and environmentally friendly energy source. Utilizing heat storage devices to capture solar energy not only reduces carbon emissions but also aligns with the broader goal of energy conservation. In the effort to optimize the heat transfer efficiency of trough solar heat storage devices, a comprehensive investigation was conducted. This study involved the systematic design and analysis of twelve distinct structures, each characterized by varying contact angles and eccentricities. It was observed that using a substantial contact angle of Δ=0.2R (θ=150°) induces a stable disturbance within the pipeline, thereby significantly enhancing the overall heat transfer performance. Building on this observation, seven different eccentric structures were systematically designed to further improve the heat exchange performance of the pipeline. The findings indicate that, particularly at high Reynolds numbers, the implementation of an eccentric structure markedly enhances the heat transfer performance of the pipeline. Additionally, when Δ=0.2R, it effectively contributes to the improvement in the efficiency of heat storage devices.

Experimental and numerical investigation of a double spiral tube heat exchanger in a novel composite phase change material

Phase change energy storage technology effectively harnesses energy, and phase change materials have been garnered significant attention due to their high latent heat capacity. The heat transfer capacity and phase transition of HCNT − CH3COONa·3H2O/Na2HPO4·12H2O composites in a double spiral tube heat storage unit were investigated. The effects of different flow rates and temperatures on the heat transfer characteristics of phase change materials were studied, and the thermal performance of the storage units was evaluated by calculating the power, energy and energy efficiency ratios. The phase change process of the composite during heat transfer was further revealed via simulation, and the heat storage and heat release of the composite were compared with those of other phase change materials. The results show that the effects of the flow velocity on the transformation time and power of the phase change material are negligible. However, an increase in flow rate can significantly increase the heat storage and heat release of the phase change unit. In particular, when the flow rate is 4 LPM, the energy efficiency ratio can reach 76.6 %. When the temperature increases from 80 °C to 90 °C, the melting time decreases by 30.23 %, indicating that increasing the temperature has a significant effect on the phase transition process. Through simulation calculations, the composite phase change material shows significant performance advantages under the same working conditions; its heat storage capacity is 108 % greater than that of the other materials, and the heat release capacity is 206 % greater, which indicates that it has greater energy storage and release efficiency and a better thermal energy conversion capacity. In addition, the experimental and simulation results also reveal the existence of a diagonal region of slow phase transition in the heat storage unit. In summary, this paper analyses the heat transfer performance of a double spiral tube heat storage device, provides a theoretical basis for practical application, and provides an important reference for improving the performance of a phase–change energy storage system.

Selective regulation of nanosheets inside or outside carbon nanoboxes for advanced supercapacitors

Rational structure control is an effective route to boost electrochemical performance of energy storage materials and devices. Confining composite materials with core–shell structure in hollow carbon nanomaterils is challenging and valuable in the field of energy storage. Herein, driving inward formation of core–shell structured Fe3O4@MnO2 in hollow carbon nanoboxes is achieved for superior supercapacitor electrodes. It’s found that when small Fe3O4 nanoparticles are reserved in carbon nanoboxes in advance, the MnO2 nanosheets only grow on the internal Fe3O4 nanoparticles to form Fe3O4@MnO2 core–shell structure in the carbon nanoboxes (Fe3O4@MnO2@C NBs) or only on the outer shell of carbon nanoboxes (Fe3O4@C@MnO2) or on both Fe3O4 nanoparticles and the carbon shell (Fe3O4@MnO2@C@MnO2), which can be selectively regulated. The density functional theory (DFT) calculation reveals that Fe3O4@MnO2@C NBs have higher conductivity, higher adsorption energy and lower diffusion energy barrier for sodium ions due to the core–shell structure of Fe3O4@MnO2 in carbon nanoboxes, which could promote the reaction kinetics efficiently. The asymmetric quasi-solid supercapacitor based on Fe3O4@MnO2@C NBs electrode achieves an energy density of 49.75 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 820 W kg−1 and demonstrates excellent stability. The route may provide a method for achieving complex internal structure control in hollow carbon material to enhance the electrochemical properties.

Инновационные магнитные наноматериалы для улучшения хранения энергии

Background: Finding effective energy storage technologies is crucial for transitioning to sustainable energy systems. Magnetic nanoparticles have emerged as options due to their distinctive magnetic characteristics, which can considerably improve the performance of energy storage systems. Objective: This research aims to investigate innovative magnetic nanoparticles and assess to increase the efficiency and capacity of energy storage systems. The emphasis is on developing materials with optimal magnetic characteristics and incorporating them into current energy storage methods. Methods: Co-precipitation and thermal breakdown were used to create a range of new magnetic nanomaterials. Vibrational sample magnetometry, X-ray diffraction, and cyclic voltammetry were used to determine these materials' magnetic characteristics, structural integrity, and electrochemical performance. Subsequent integration into supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries was carried out to evaluate energy storage capacity. Results: The synthesized magnetic nanoparticles showed improved magnetic saturation and charge-discharge characteristics compared to standard materials. When used in supercapacitors, they increased capacitance by 20% and improved cycle stability by 25%. Similarly, these nanomaterials improved the energy density of lithium-ion batteries by 15% and increased their longevity by 30%. Conclusion: The unique magnetic nanoparticles created in this work significantly improve the performance of energy storage devices. The increased capacitance, energy density, and operational stability indicate that these materials for future energy storage applications. Further study is required to optimize these materials for commercial application and investigate their scalability and environmental effects.

Facile synthesis of MOF-derived carbon-supported LaZn@C nanocomposite as an efficient electrode material for supercapacitor

MOF-derived transition metal alloys have attracted researcher's interest in energy storage devices due to their vast surface area, high porosity, adjustable pore sizes, ease of modification, abundant active sites, and 3D tunable structure. Metal alloys covered with carbon can stabilize conductivity and ease charge accumulation, and they are suitable candidates for electrode materials for supercapacitor application. In this research article, core-shell LaZn@C nanocomposites were fabricated at different pyrolysis times via a hydrothermal approach. The materials that pyrolysis for two hours have a remarkable specific capacitance of 1024 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and an impressive energy density of 36.9 Whkg−1. In addition, it has lower Rp∼0.8 Ω and Rs∼0.2 Ω resistance due to the large surface area's high carbon content with cylindrical particles. Moreover, it shows an outstanding retention rate of (94.5 % over 4500 cycles at 1 A g−1). Finally, this research showed the novelty of advanced MOF-derived materials that suggest an efficient electrode material for the electrochemical performance of energy storage devices and supercapacitor applications.

Concrete-based energy storage: exploring electrode and electrolyte enhancements.

The exploration of concrete-based energy storage devices represents a demanding field of research that aligns with the emerging concept of creating multifunctional and intelligent building solutions. The increasing need to attain zero carbon emissions and harness renewable energy sources underscores the importance of advancing energy storage technologies. A recent focus has been on structural supercapacitors, which not only store electrochemical energy but also support mechanical loads, presenting a promising avenue for research. We comprehensively review concrete-based energy storage devices, focusing on their unique properties, such as durability, widespread availability, low environmental impact, and advantages. First, we elucidate how concrete and its composites revolutionize basic building blocks for the design and fabrication of intrinsically strong structural materials. Afterward, we categorized concrete into two major parts of a supercapacitor, i.e., electrode and electrolyte materials. We further describe the synthesis of concrete-based electrodes and electrolytes and highlight the main points to be addressed while synthesizing porous surface/electroactive matrices. The incorporation of carbon, polymers, metals, etc., enhances the energy density and durability of electrode materials. Furthermore, as an electrolyte, how concrete accommodates metal salts and the mode of diffusion/transport have been described. Although pure concrete electrolytes exhibit poor ionic conductivity, the addition of conducting polymers, metal/metal oxides, and carbon increases the overall performance of energy storage devices. At the end of the review, we discuss the challenges and perspectives on future research directions and provide overall conclusions.

Metal-Organic Frameworks as Electrode Materials for Lithium-Ion Battery

Over recent decades, Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have distinguished themselves as a unique class of porous materials due to their adaptable surface and structural properties. This versatility has made MOFs highly relevant across various fields, including drug delivery, gas separation, catalysis, and sensor technology. Additionally, their conductive properties have made them promising candidates for use in energy storage systems like high-energy-density batteries and supercapacitors. MOFs are particularly noted for their role in the development of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and supercapacitors, where they serve as both anode and cathode materials. The ability to fine-tune MOFs at a molecular level allows for precise control over their structure and chemistry, enhancing their functionality in energy storage applications. This control facilitates superior electronic and ionic transport within MOFs, which is critical during the charging and discharging cycles of LIBs. This review delves into the various synthetic methods used to develop specific MOF structures, focusing on their implementation within LIBs to improve cyclic stability and discharge capacity. Recent advancements in MOF technology as anode and cathode materials are explored, providing insights into how these developments can optimize reaction conditions and design choices within the battery development community and broader electrochemical energy storage sectors. The aim is to highlight how MOFs’ inherent characteristics can be leveraged to enhance the performance and efficiency of energy storage devices.

Numerical study on hydrogen desorption performance of a new MgH2 solid-state hydrogen storage device

To explore the factors affecting the hydrogen evolution performance of a new MgH2 solid-state hydrogen storage heat exchanger, this paper designs the MgH2 solid-state hydrogen storage device. The study numerically investigates the influence of operating parameters and structural parameters on the hydrogen release reaction. The results demonstrate that the hydrogen desorption rate increases as the pressure decreases from 0.3 MPa to 0.1 MPa. Moreover, the hydrogen evolution reaction rate significantly rises with an increase in the inlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid (HTF) from 600 K to 700 K. Similarly, the rate of hydrogen evolution reaction increases with an increase in the flow rate of the HTF from 0.5 m/s to 1.25 m/s. The hydrogen evolution reaction time can be notably reduced by increasing the thickness of the annular HTF layer. Compared to no annular fluid layer, the completion time of the hydrogen desorption reaction is shortened by 558 s with a 5 mm thickness. The arrangement of heat exchanger pipes plays a crucial role in the hydrogen evolution reaction, and thus a comprehensive index M is defined to evaluate its influence. A higher M value indicates slower hydrogen release efficiency of the device. By optimizing the operating conditions, the hydrogen desorption time can be shortened by 93.4 %.

Improving Performance of Key–Value Stores for High-Performance Storage Devices

Key–value stores (KV stores) are becoming popular in both academia and industry due to their high performance and simplicity in data management. Unlike traditional database systems such as relational databases, KV stores manage data in key–value pairs and do not support relationships between the data. This simplicity enables KV stores to offer higher performance. To further improve the performance of KV stores, high-performance storage devices such as solid-state drives (SSDs) and non-volatile memory express (NVMe) SSDs have been widely adopted. These devices are intended to expedite data processing and storage. However, our studies indicate that, due to a lack of multi-thread-oriented programming, the performance of KV stores is far below the raw performance of high-performance storage devices. In this paper, we analyze the performance of existing KV stores utilizing high-performance storage devices. Our analysis reveals that the actual performance of KV stores is below the potential performance that these storage devices could offer. According to the profiling results, we argue that this performance gap is due to the coarse-grained locking mechanisms of existing KV stores. To alleviate this issue, we propose a multi-threaded compaction operation that leverages idle threads to participate in I/O operations. Our experimental results demonstrate that our scheme can improve the performance of KV stores by up to 16% by increasing the number of threads involved in I/O operations.

Understanding and tuning intermolecular interactions of the electrolyte solvation structure for low-temperature lithium-based batteries

Electrolytes dictate the performance of low-temperature electrochemical energy storage devices, especially lithium-based batteries. The electrolyte solvation structure is critical for the ionic transport and charge-transfer kinetics as well as interfacial stabilities. Thus, an in-depth understanding of the constitutive relationship between different electrolyte components and low-temperature battery performance at the molecular level, and the effect of low temperature on the interactions between various molecules within the electrolyte solvation structure is critical for the rational design on the advanced low-temperature electrolytes. Herein, a systematically in-depth understanding of the intermolecular interactions within lithium-ion (Li+) solvation structure at low temperatures is provided. The research progress on the design of solvation structures for low-temperature lithium-based batteries is summarized from the perspective of regulating the interactions among cations, anions and solvents in the solvation structures. This review highlights the critical role of solvation structures on low-temperature battery performance that help advance the low-temperature battery chemistry.

Mechanism of chloride modification ambipolar polymer electrode materials for high-performance energy storage device

Ambipolar conducting polymer electrode materials exhibit a wide voltage window, contributing to fast development of high-energy–density storage devices. The doping levels of p-doped and n-doped in ambipolar conducting polymers determine the electrochemical performance of energy storage devices. However, n-doped materials always face low doping efficiency, caused by difficulty in electron injection and ion migration, thereby affecting specific capacitance and stability. In this study, two ambipolar conductive polymers were developed, in which the n-doped imine group was chlorinated to improve electron injection, and the mechanism of ion migration process was studied by changing the chlorination of different positions relative to the carbonyl group. The influence of chloride modification on n-doped electrochemical energy storage was thoroughly investigated. The results show that chloride modification can lower the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the monomer and make electron injection easier. Interestingly, the chloride modification position not only affects the oxidation–reduction of the carbonyl, but also the binding of the carbonyl with lithium ions. If the chloride modification position is too close to the carbonyl, lithium-ion migration in ambipolar conducting polymer will be restricted, although electron injection is beneficial. Based on this design, the developed PEPCl conducting polymer exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, and the mechanism of chlorination modification of ambipolar polymer electrode materials is described.

Performance optimization of latent heat storage device based on surrogate-assisted multi-objective evolutionary algorithm and CFD method

The design of fin structures and the formulation of heat conductivity enhancers have always been critical factors influencing the performance of latent heat storage devices. However, achieving the optimal parameters of fin structures and the fraction of heat conductivity enhancers when adjusting multiple parameters simultaneously remains a time-consuming and labor-intensive task. In this paper, a combination of machine learning methods and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was employed to optimize the parameters of fin structures and the mass fraction of expanded graphite with minor computational resources and time costs, thereby obtaining a set of Pareto optimal latent heat storage (LHS) devices that simultaneously considers energy storage power and energy storage capacity. The combination essentially is a surrogate assistant multi-objective evolutionary optimization algorithm, which utilizes batch recommendation strategies to recommend multiple high-quality candidate solutions that achieve a balance between two conflicting optimization objectives in CFD simulations. This method significantly reduces the number of model iterations and saves the time and computational resources required for multi-objective optimization. The results showed that the proposed algorithm only required 80 cases of CFD calculations to obtain two well-fitted Gaussian process models, leading to a 91 % improvement in computational efficiency. According to the recommendations from the algorithm, the LHS device with 78 fins of 2.0 mm thickness and 20 % mass fraction of expanded graphite could achieve the optimal trade-off of energy storage power and energy storage capacity. Compared to the prototype, the energy storage power and total energy storage capacity increased by 46.7 % and 22.1 %, respectively. The method proposed in this study can provide guidance for the optimal configuration design of LHS devices.

A parametric study on hydrogen storage in AB5 hydride alloys: Heat and mass transfer, thermodynamics, and design

The design of heat exchangers plays an important role in the performance of solid-state hydrogen storage devices. In this study, three different designs of hydrogen storage devices were investigated, incorporating phase change material (PCM), specifically, RT25HC into their walls in various shapes. A mathematical model, validated using previous experimental data, was employed to calculate heat and mass transfer and determine the reaction time period. The calculations were conducted using ANSYS Fluent, with a constant hydrogen supply pressure of 10 bars and a temperature of 295 K. The absorption properties of the storage reactor were investigated through various parameters such as liquid fraction, hydrogen concentration, and natural convection heat transfer coefficients. Results showed that the geometric structure and PCM distribution significantly impacted the performance of the hydrogen storage devices. Design 1, with a centralized PCM distribution, demonstrated moderate heat transfer rates and a longer reaction time. Design 2, featuring a more distributed PCM layout, improved heat transfer rates and reduced hydrogen kinetics time by 40%. Design 3, which optimized the geometric structure with advanced PCM shapes, achieved the highest heat transfer rates and improved hydrogen kinetics time by 50%. This design also enabled the storage of thermal energy at a high density, ranging from 10.2 J/g to approximately 190.5 J/g. The study provides critical information on the design of efficient solid hydrogen storage processes. The findings suggest significant potential for improved performance in industrial applications such as electric vehicles and domestic energy supply. The high efficiency of the large-scale reactor is due to its well-designed system, which effectively converts chemical energy into thermal energy. Optimizing the reactor geometry and PCM distribution is crucial for achieving superior hydrogen storage and retrieval performance.

Simulation analysis on the influence of airflow channel shape on the thermal storage and release performance of solid heat storage device

Simulation analysis on the influence of airflow channel shape on the thermal storage and release performance of solid heat storage device

Ab initio molecular dynamics study of hydroxyl positioning in butanediol and its impact on deep eutectic solvent structure

Electrolytes play a crucial role in enhancing the performance of energy storage devices, including batteries and supercapacitors. However, traditional electrolytes, such as aqueous solutions, organic solvents, and ionic liquids, exhibit inherent limitations and challenges. Deep eutectic solvents have recently emerged as promising alternatives due to their environmentally friendly nature and favorable properties. Despite their widespread applications in various domains, their potential as electrolytes remains relatively underexplored. This study investigates three distinct types of deep eutectic solvents derived from different isomers of butanediols combined with choline chloride. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are employed to analyze the microstructure of these deep eutectic solvents, focusing on non-covalent electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding patterns, and vibrational spectra. The results reveal significant differences in the structural configuration of hydrogen bond acceptors and hydrogen bond donors and their interactions within the deep eutectic solvents. Specifically, the positioning of functional groups in hydrogen bond donors significantly impacts the hydrogen bonding network and the interaction with monoatomic ions. Moreover, the vibrational spectra analysis highlights the existence of hydrogen bonds involving stretching modes of the OH group, as evidenced by redshift deviations. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the unique features of deep eutectic solvents as potential electrolytes for energy storage applications. The comprehensive analysis of their microstructure and vibrational properties enhances our understanding of deep eutectic solvent utilization and opens avenues for further research in sustainable energy storage.