Performance Of Solar Photovoltaic Panel Research Articles

Effects of climatic conditions of Al Seeb in Oman on the performance of solar photovoltaic panels

Human activities and climatic elements, including temperature, humidity, and wind speed, have an impact on natural dust deposition. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of wind speed, relative humidity, and ambient temperature on the performance of soiled photovoltaic panels in Al Seeb, Oman. The study was conducted by exposing the solar PV panels to outdoor sunlight for a duration of two months. Parameters such as solar radiation, voltage, current, solar panel temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, and ambient temperature were collected in a short time interval. It was observed that the dust densities of 20.7 g/m2, 27 g/m2, and 41.3 g/m2 resulted in electrical power reductions of 18 %, 33 %, and 40 % for the panels uncleaned for one week, two weeks, and three weeks, respectively. The effect of daily dust resulted in an energy reduction of 14 %. Moreover, dust deposition decreases when the wind speed increases, resulting in a higher power output and vice versa. The higher the humidity, the stronger the dust's adhesion to the surface, resulting in more deposition and reduced power output. The maximum power output of 82.3 W was achieved at the wind speed of 10 m/s, 34.9 % relative humidity, and ambient temperature of 38.5 °C.

Innovative cooling technique to improve the performance of photovoltaic panels

The working performance of solar photovoltaic panels is affected by several factors. Accumulated dust and elevated temperatures from higher solar irradiance are the main factors. Therefore, a novel dual-cooling approach was employed, and its effect on the solar photovoltaic panels’ performance was investigated. The working front and backside temperatures, output power, and efficiency of the cooled solar photovoltaic panel were evaluated and compared. The results revealed that the current cooling process reduced the front and backside temperatures of the module by 22–45% and 34–47%, respectively, as compared with the dusty solar photovoltaic module. In the cooled photovoltaic module, the output current was higher by 26–48% and 4–5% compared with dusty and controlled modules, respectively, while the output voltage was found to be higher by 8–10% compared with the controlled and dusty modules. This led to a rise in output power for the cooled photovoltaic module by 22–51% and 8–13% compared to dusty and controlled modules throughout the day. In addition, the presence of dust on the photovoltaic module significantly reduces the overall efficiency to 11% compared to 17% when applying the cooling process. The levelized cost of electricity from the current cooled system was lower by 38.5% and 8% than in the dusty and uncooled systems, respectively. This means the proposed cooling system is efficient from an economic point of view. The results showed the distinct importance of the current dual-cooling process to avoid photovoltaic module degradation by accumulated dust and elevated temperatures.

Effect of Anti-Reflective and Dust Spreading on Performance of Solar PV Panels

This study intends to better solar photovoltaic (PV) panel performance by employing anti-reflective coating and explore how dust affects solar panel effectiveness. Three equivalent solar PV panels were compared, having one of them being uncoated, the next one having a TiO2 nanomaterial coating, and the very last one having a SiO2 nanomaterial coating. PV panel surfaces are coated with superhydrophilicity TiO2 as well as superhydrophobic SiO2 nanomaterials using a cloth made of microfibers. With the aid of a photovoltaic (PV) analyser, the power output of each and every PV panel has been monitored during the month of November 2021. After one month of being exposed to the environment, the percentage improvement in efficiency for TiO2-coated panels was 7.66% and for SiO2 coated panels was 19.73% as compared to uncoated PV panels. Results demonstrate that SiO2 covered PV panels outperform the other two scenarios in terms of efficiency and power output. The frequency of photovoltaic panel washing is reduced by the application of coating. Different amounts of dust are evenly scattered on the surface of the PV panel in order to observe the effect of the dust. Additionally, as the amount of dust increases, the effectiveness of PV panels declines considerably. When 20g of dust is dispersed across the surface of a PV panel, its efficiency falls by 34.6 percent.

Smart Operating Range Monitoring of Solar PV Cell with Integrated Phase Change Materials by Using Solar Deep Learning Model

This research aims to demonstrate that a one-of-a-kind microencapsulated bio-based PCM may be utilized in the passive collection of solar energy in buildings. The research makes use of a PCM with thermal properties within the comfort zone but is also able to track the performance of solar photovoltaic panels. This allows the research to be more accurate. Because of this, the research can produce outcomes that are more accurate. After finishing the step before this one, the next thing that needs to be done is creating novel composite concrete panels. This step follows the completion of the phase before it. The outcomes of the mechanical and thermal tests served as the basis for determining the best composition of the concrete mix that should be used for making this panel. The method concludes with the construction of a test structure using composite walls as the primary building material.

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL MOUNTED ON SLOPED CORRUGATED METAL SHEET ROOF IN KANO STATE NORTHWEST NIGERIA

Installation of solar photovoltaic system on roof has advantages of proper utilization of space, help in avoiding shading effects and reduction of dust accumulation on the panels. However, electrical efficiency and lifespan of solar photovoltaic panel tends to decrease due to the increase in surface temperature above the operation temperature of the panels due to its contact with the roofing sheets. The performance of solar photovoltaic panels was experimentally investigated on corrugated metal sheet (CMS) roof at four different heights (0, 100, 200, and 300mm). Four polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic panels of 10 watts each were selected from the same manufacturer. The temperatures on the roof and on the photovoltaic panels’ surfaces were measured at different solar hours. Also, the outputs of the solar panels together with the irradiance available were measured at same hours using an electronic data logger and imported to an Excel software. Irradiance variation, gap between roof and photovoltaic panels, and heating effect on panels were found to be the parameters affecting the photovoltaic system’s performance. The highest temperature attained by the photovoltaic panel is when it was directly mounted on the roof as 76.5°C while the other photovoltaic panels mounted at a gap height of 100mm, 200mm and 300mm attained the highest temperature of 71.8oC, 69,6oC and 68.0oC respectively. The panels’ extra heat was originating from CMS roof vicinity. Output powers from the panels were unequal throughout the experiment whilst exhibited similar behavior. The panels’ temperature dropped...

Experimental analysis on the impacts of soil deposition and bird droppings on the thermal performance of photovoltaic panels

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are capable of meeting the urgent demand for power production for both domestic and commercial purposes. PV systems possess serious drawbacks as their performance is heavily influenced by environmental variables like wind, radiation, shadow, dust, and soil accumulation. The current work examines the performance of solar PV panels in the presence of soil and dust at various tilt angles. A solar PV simulator was used, and experiments were conducted for a hot-dry climate location (Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, 12.91° N, 79.1325° E), to evaluate the performance of solar PV panels under varying dust deposition. A total of seven different samples, such as black soil, desert soil, red soil, alluvial soil, laterite soil, coal dust, and bird droppings, were selected and dispersed over the surface of the PV panel at various weights of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 g. The physical characteristics of the dust samples have been emphasized as being essential in determining how effectively the PV panel functioned. Bird droppings were shown to have the greatest influence on PV panel efficiency because of their tendency to stick to the panel surface due to moisture content, but coal dust, independent of tilt angle, was found to have the least effect. Coal dust was determined to have the least impact of all soil types since it is quickly blown away and does not stick to the surface. Bird droppings accounted for about 46.42 %–89.18% of the efficiency loss, which was determined to be high, whereas coal dust accounted for less than 13% of the efficiency loss. Furthermore, it was revealed that considered tilt angles (0O and 12.91O) have a minor influence on the PV's overall performance.

Thermal performance of solar photovoltaic panel in hot climatic regions: Applicability and optimization analysis of PCM materials

A numerical modeling methodology based on the finite element method is utilized in this investigation to predict the impact of the PCM characteristics on the system cooling performance and the solar module output power. The thermal analysis considers the transient nature and the nonlinearity of the problem. The boundary conditions include the cyclic variation with time of solar irradiance and ambient temperature in a hot climatic region, with peak temperatures close to 50 °C. Under these circumstances and owing to the various influencing parameters, choosing an appropriate PCM is a challenging task. By allowing the PCM characteristics to vary continuously over the applicable domains and not just by giving specified discrete values, a systematic approach is adopted in this work. This technique is applied to explore the relationships between system input parameters, as defined by the PCM properties, and output variables, as described by cell temperature and module efficiency. Due to the harsh boundary conditions, the obtained results demonstrated that PCM with high thermal conductivity is required to achieve efficient thermal regulation. The enhanced material characteristics can only be provided by composite PCMs with graphite or metal additives. The resulting optimized design variables of the suitable PCM, melting temperature, thermal conductivity, and thickness, can reduce the cell temperature to 57 °C (20% reduction). The corresponding efficiency and power output are raised by around 8%. The power output was found to increase from 125 W (reference case) to 135 W for the optimized case. The results suggest that using a passive cooling system based on PCM is a viable method for enhancing the power output of a solar PV module. The created coupled model predicts the thermal behavior of the PV module and significantly facilitates the PCM selection procedure to ensure its applicability.

A Review and Analysis of the Effects of Colors of Light On the Performance of Solar Photovoltaic Panels

Solar energy is quite simple as the energy can be obtained from the sun directly. Solar energy is categorized as one of the best renewable energy since it does not emit carbon dioxide and because of unlimited supports from the sun. In this paper, three main sections of solar technologies like photovoltaicsolar panel, concentrating solar power, heating and cooling system that is available present days have been investigated. In the second part of this research, an experiment has been carried out to evaluate the effects of colors of light on the performance of solar photovoltaic panels. Different colors of light having different wavelength, resulting in different frequency and hence different energy. In general, the solar spectrum influences the performance of the solar panels. The results show that the solar panels are influenced more by the red color of light. This report will start by detailing the three main solar technologies, followed by the testing on the colors of light with the solar panels

Performance Studies of Solar-Powered Absorption-Type Refrigeration System and Characterization of Deposits on its PV Panel

The demand for refrigeration and air-conditioning systems has been increasing in recent years. In order to reduce the demand for fossil fuels, renewable energy sources can be used to drive these systems. Also, renewable energy sources will reduce global warming, increase energy security, and generate employment opportunities. The conventional vapor compression system used in domestic applications needs electrical energy and a vapor absorption system can be used as an alternative to a vapor compression refrigeration system. In this work, a refrigeration system of solar-type has been developed and tested as the demand for the refrigeration system is increasing, which directly and indirectly increases global warming. The use of a renewable energy-driven alternative cooling system such as an absorption system will reduce the impact of refrigeration systems on the environment. The experimental work concluded that the vapor absorption system driven by the solar photovoltaic (PV) system could be a substitute for the conventionally used vapor compression system. The accumulation of the dust reduces the performance of Solar PV panels. The characterization of dust particles is important in deciding further growth and subsequent deterioration of the solar PV panels and the power output. The scanning electron microscopy study and energy dispersive X-ray analysis have helped to find the chemical composition of the dust particles. The X-ray diffraction results have helped in further investigation of the severity of the deposits by identifying possible compounds. Based on this analysis, the periodic cleaning of solar PV panels must be carried out at regular intervals.

Phase change materials based on nanoparticles for enhancing the performance of solar photovoltaic panels: A review

Phase change materials (PCMs) are one of the promising materials in thermal energy storage (TES) systems, while commonly utilized PCMs have weak thermal conductivity. Therefore, elevating high relatively thermally conductivity for the PCM composites using various nanoparticles with different named the nano-enhanced phase change material (NePCM) is an encouraging solution for regulating the PV temperatures and hence prolonging the lifetime of the utilized photovoltaics. The present paper introduces the cooling methods of PV panels as well as reviews the PV/PCM systems. Additionally, the cooling of photovoltaics based on the NePCM methods are studied showing the preparing methods of the NePCM nanocomposites. The results indicated the dispersion of NPs into the PCMs modifies the thermo-physical properties of PCM like melting temperature, supercooling degree, heat of fusion, viscosity, etc., as well as the mass fraction of NPs affects remarkably the enhanced thermal conductivity (TC) of NePCM nanocomposites. Thus, the NePCMs introduce superior characteristics of heat transfer as a result of intensifying the TC of PCM. Therefore, adding the nanoparticles to the PCM had a noteworthy potential for intensification the thermos-physical properties of PCM so it is a promising choice for TES in solar photovoltaics applications.

Designing a Solar Photovoltaic System for Generating Renewable Energy of a Hospital: Performance Analysis and Adjustment Based on RSM and ANFIS Approaches

One of the most favorable renewable energy sources, solar photovoltaic (PV) can meet the electricity demand considerably. Sunlight is converted into electricity by the solar PV systems using cells containing semiconductor materials. A PV system is designed to meet the energy needs of King Abdulaziz University Hospital. A new method has been introduced to find optimal working capacity, and determine the self-consumption and sufficiency rates of the PV system. Response surface methodology (RSM) is used for determining the optimal working conditions of PV panels. Similarly, an adaptive neural network based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was employed to analyze the performance of solar PV panels. The outcomes of methods were compared to the actual outcomes available for testing the performance of models. Hence, for a 40 MW target PV system capacity, the RSM determined that approximately 33.96 MW electricity can be produced, when the radiation rate is 896.3 W/m2, the module surface temperature is 41.4 °C, the outdoor temperature is 36.2 °C, the wind direction and speed are 305.6 and 6.7 m/s, respectively. The ANFIS model (with nine rules) gave the highest performance with lowest residual for the same design parameters. Hence, it was determined that the hourly electrical energy requirement of the hospital can be met by the PV system during the year.

Analyzing and Comparing the Effect of Water and Surfactant Cleaning on Performance of Solar Photovoltaic Panels

Analyzing and Comparing the Effect of Water and Surfactant Cleaning on Performance of Solar Photovoltaic Panels

Laboratory Investigation on the Impact of Coal Dust Deposition on PVPanel Performance

The generation of electric power through solar photovoltaic panel is highly sensitive towards its operating environment. Dust is one of the important operating parameters which affect the performance of photovoltaic panel. The aim of this study is to understand the effect of dust mass deposition on the output power of the solar photovoltaic panel. In order to conduct this study a filed collected coal dust was used in different mass on the surface of photovoltaic panel and its output power was calculated. Further, based on obtaining output power for different mass of coal dust deposition, a mathematical model was developed between panel output power and the amount of coal dust deposit. The developed model has shown a good coefficient of correlation, i.e., 0.94974 and strong negative correlation with the Pearson’s correlation coefficient of -0.97712. The outcome of this study will help to understand the performance of solar photovoltaic panels under the dusty environment.

A typical review on static reconfiguration strategies in photovoltaic array under non-uniform shading conditions

Maximum power extraction from the photovoltaic (PV) system plays a critical role in increasing efficiency during partial shading conditions (PSCs). It directly reduces the output power of the PV array. There are different factors like, bypass diode configuration, array size, array configuration, shade intensity, environmental conditions etc. affecting on the performance of solar photovoltaic panel. Furthermore, series (S), parallel (P), series-parallel (SP), total-cross-tied (TCT), bridge-linked (BL), and honey-comb (HC), etc. are the various configurations to deal with mentioned issues. But these PV array configurations are also having drawbacks like low dispersion factor, mismatch losses, line losses under partial shading condition. To overcome these issues, the reconfiguration of the PV array is one of the effective measures. A comprehensive study of literature shows that PV modules are connected under different reconfigured schemes namely Sudoku, Optimal Sudoku, Magic square, zig-zag, Skyscraper, etc. In this paper, a comprehensive review is performed to highlight the advantages and limitations of each scheme. This study can be used as a sort of viewpoint to address the advancement in this area since some parameter comparison is made at the end of every technique, which might be a prominent base-rule for picking the most gainful sort of reconfiguration technique for further research.

Optimum location and influence of tilt angle on performance of solar PV panels

With the growing demand of economically feasible, clean, and renewable energy, the use of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems is increasing. The PV panel performance to generate electrical energy depends on many factors among which tilt angle is also a crucial one. Among hundreds of research work performed pertinent to solar PV panels performance, this work critically reviews the role of tilt angles and particularly locating the optimum tilt angle using different methods. The past data collected for analysis can be categorized mainly into mathematical model based, experimental based, simulation based, or combination of any of these. Single-axis tracking, dual-axis tracking, simple glass cover, hydrophobic glass cover, soiled glass, clean glass, partial shadow, use of phase-change material, computational fluid dynamic analysis, etc., are the novel methods found in the literature for analysis and locating the optimum tilt angle. For illustration purpose, few figures are provided in which the optimum tilt angle obtained on monthly, seasonally, and annual basis is shown. Research works are growing in the field of computations and simulations using online software and codes. Pure mathematical-based calculations are also reported but the trend is to combine this method with the simulation method. As the PV panel performance is found to be affected by number of parameters, their consideration in any single study is not reported. In future, work is required to carry out the experiment or simulation considering the effect of soiling, glass material, temperature, and surrounding ambience on the location of optimum tilt angle. As a whole, the optimum tilt angles reported for locations exactly on the equator line, i.e., 0° latitude, ranges between − 2.5° and 2.5°, for locations just above the equator line, i.e., latitude 2.6°–30° N ranges between 5° and 28°, for 40°–70° N, it is 29°–40°, and for 71°–90° N, it is 41°–45°. For locations at 2.6°–30° S, optimum tilt angles range between − 4° and − 32°, 30°–46° S, it is − 33° to − 36°, 47°–65° S, it is − 34° to − 50°, and for 66°–90° S it is − 51° to − 62°.

Performance of Solar Photovoltaic panel using Forced convection of water-based CuO nanofluid: An Understanding

Most of the conventional Solar Photovoltaic module consists of a Silicon cell that converts sunlight into electric energy. The process of conversion into electricity is exothermic and all photons are not able to produce electricity due to insufficient energy. Depending upon efficiency to convert it into electricity only the small amount of radiations are used and rest all are involved in increasing the temperature of the module. Study shows that 80% of incident solar radiation are absorbed by a solar photovoltaic cell. This increases the temperature of the module, reduces its electrical efficiency. This increase in temperature affects the power output and lifespan of the PV module. So to maintain the temperature of the module various cooling methods such as air cooling, hydraulic cooling, heat pipe cooling, cooling with phase change materials and cooling with nanofluids have been reported in the literature. The use of suitable nanofluids is one of the effective methods to increase thermal capacitance and control the temperature rise of the PV module. To increase the performance of the system thermal properties of working fluid must be improved which is achieved by using suitable additives with the base fluid which are referred to as nanofluids. Using Copper oxide/water as a working fluid analysis was performed. It was concluded that performance can be improved significantly if we integrate the system with a good heat exchanger. In this paper, the effect of CuO based nanofluids as a cooling medium for a PV module has been reported.

Towards improving the performance of solar photovoltaic energy system: A review

Performance of solar PV energy system is affected by many factors like solar radiation intensity, solar radiation geometry, temperature, wind speed and direction, relative humidity, dust, etc. Many researchers have been working on the effect of temperature on solar PV cell efficiency and have reported that increased cell temperature tends to reduce the efficiency of solar PV cell. Solar PV cell temperature also considerably deteriorates the mechanical properties of backsheet of solar PV panel. This paper reviews the various attempts to improve the performance of crystalline silicon solar photovoltaic (PV) system. Performance of a solar PV panel when exposed to hot and dry climate is different from performance of similar solar PV panel in cold climate. From solar beam radiation, light is a desired component whereas heat is not. Therefore many researchers have reported cooling techniques for Solar PV system. However, backsheet material of solar PV panel is one of the factors affecting the solar PV panel efficiency which is pulling the attention of many researchers for performance enhancement of Solar PV system. Solar PV cells using Perovskite material have emerged as one of next generation of photovoltaic technologies having capability of significant enhancement in solar cell efficiency.

Enhancing the Performance of PV Panel Undergoing Shading Effects

<p>Experimental and simulation work were performed to study the effects of shading for different strings inside photovoltaic (PV) panels under real outdoor environmental climate conditions for Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. The electrical characteristics of PV panel were measured by using the PV analyzer, while the simulations were performed by MATLAB. The effect of full cell shading were studied experimentally for each configuration of two or four bypass diodes and verified by theoretical modeling. The I-V and P-V curves for all cases were recorded to investigate the effect of bypass diodes in reducing shading losses under similar environmental conditions. Compared to design with fewer bypass diodes, inserting more bypass diodes (four diodes in our work) contributed to higher yield in performance of solar PV panels undergoing shading while taking in to account the cost of energy production. Compared to the case of two bypass diodes, applying four diodes can recover up to ~31% of non-shaded maximum power under different cell shading conditions. </p>

Performance evaluation of solar photovoltaic panel driven refrigeration system

The solar photovoltaic (PV) panel driven refrigeration system employs solar PV panel and play a vital role when combined with storage batteries. The variation in performance of solar PV panel driven refrigeration system has been experimentally investigated in this paper. The change in battery voltage is analyzed with respect to panel size. Different series and parallel combinations have been applied on four solar PV panels of 35W each to get 24V. With the above combination a current in the range of 3-5 ampere has been obtained depending upon the solar intensity. A refrigerator of 110 W and 50 liters is used in the present investigation which requires 0.80 ampere AC at 230 V. The required current and voltage has been obtained from an inverter which draws about 7 ampere DC from the battery bank at 24V. The compressor of the refrigerator consumed 110W which required a PV panel size of 176 W approximately. It is important to note that the compressor consumed about 300W for first 50 milliseconds, 130 W for next five seconds and gradually comes to 110 W in 65 seconds. Thus panel size should be such that it may compensate for the initial load requirement.

Temperature Effect on Power Drop of Different Photovoltaic Modules

Solar module operating temperature is the second major factor affects the performance of solar photovoltaic panels after the amount of solar radiation. This paper presents a performance comparison of mono-crystalline Silicon (mc-Si), poly-crystalline Silicon (pc-Si), amorphous Silicon (a-Si) and Cupper Indium Gallium di-selenide (CIGS) photovoltaic technologies under Climate Conditions of Baghdad city. Temperature influence on the solar modules electric output parameters was investigated experimentally and their temperature coefficients was calculated. These temperature coefficients are important for all systems design and sizing. The experimental results revealed that the pc-Si module showed a decrease in open circuit voltage by -0.0912V/ºC while mc-Si and a-Si had nearly -0.07V/ºC and the CIGS has -0.0123V/ºC. The results showed a slightly increase in short circuit current with temperature increasing about 0.3mA/ºC ,4.4mA/ºC and 0.9mA/ºC for mc-Si , pc-Si and both a-Si and CIGS. The mc-Si had the largest drop in output power about -0.1353W/ºC while -0.0915, -0.0114 and -0.0276 W/ºC for pc-Si, a-Si and CIGS respectively. The amorphous silicon is the more suitable module for high operation temperature but it has the lowest conversion efficiency between the tested modules.