Performance Of Public Organizations Research Articles

Theorizing Leadership Credibility: The Concept and Causes of the Perceived Credibility of Leadership Initiatives

AbstractThere are important reasons to conceptualize leadership credibility and formulate explicit expectations about its causes. First, credibility can be an important precondition when leaders aim to increase performance in public organizations that face complex societal problems and volatile governance. Second, leadership credibility is often mentioned but seldom systematically studied in the public administration literature. Based on a conceptualization of five distinct systematized concepts of leadership credibility, this article develops a theory of the perceived credibility of leadership initiatives and its antecedents (leader credibility, leader investments in the initiative and rules concerning authority, benefits, and costs). We define perceived credibility of leadership initiatives as the plausibility followers assign to a leadership initiative being realized. The concept is applicable across various types of leadership initiatives including visionary and transactional leadership within the public sector. The theory illuminates how leadership credibility draws on individual follower perceptions, leader behaviors, and institutions such as formal rules and professional norms. Compared to existing conceptualizations within public administration, it is more specific as it separates credibility from its effects, its antecedents, and the applied leadership strategies. It provides a much needed theoretical vocabulary for the study of leadership credibility within public administration and adjacent disciplines.

Peningkatan Kinerja Manajerial berbasis Anggaran Partisipasi

This study examines the effect of budgetary participation and perception of innovation on managerial performance and tests whether perception of innovation mediates the effect of budgetary participation on managerial performance in public sector organizations. The study was conducted at the Semarang City Health Office and Semarang City Health Centers, with 60 respondents from echelon officials, using the path analysis method. The results of the analysis show there is a direct influence between budgetary participation and the perception of innovation on managerial performance and the perception of innovation not being able to mediate the relationship between budgetary participation on managerial performance in the Semarang City Health Service and Puskesmas throughout the City of Semarang

“As Expected”: Theoretical Implications for Racialized Administrative Power as the Status Quo

AbstractThis article posits that racialized administrative power is the status quo in the United States and results from a wicked problem broadly construed as institutional racism. Acknowledging a baseline reality of racialized administrative power in the United States allows public administration theory to more directly grapple with the institutional racism that paradoxically may seem too big and complex to empirically study yet simultaneously too important and urgent to ignore. This article offers three contributions to the development of public administration theory from this conceptual frame of racialized administrative power as the status quo. First, by conceptualizing institutional racism as a wicked problem, a case is outlined to replace an assumption of neutral administrative power with a baseline assumption of racialized administrative power in the United States. Second, the article explores two prominent areas of theory in public administration—representative bureaucracy and administrative burden—to demonstrate how a baseline assumption of racialized administrative power can reorient and expand theoretical questions and research. Third, the article discusses the epistemological implications for public administration theory and research based on an assumption that racialized administrative power is the status quo. These contributions offer a step forward in addressing the need for public administration theory to better account for the institutional racism that pervades the management and performance of public organizations in the United States.

Public Sector Accounting and Organizational Performance: Study in Indonesian Health Care Industry

The implementation of public sector accounting is a crucial factor in improving the performance of public sector organizations. One of the organizations that implement public sector accounting is the health care industry. Purpose of this study to analyze public sector accounting effect on organizational performance in the health care industry. This research is quantitative research conducted at a health institution in Manado City. Respondents who participated were 100 participants from regional hospitals and health centers in Manado City, Indonesia. Data analysis is assisted by path analysis. The research findings reveal the relationship of public sector accounting to the performance of public sector organizations and the relationship mediated by accounting information systems. Several limitations and suggestions were revealed in this study.

Analisis Layanan Penerimaan Berkas Pencairan Santunan Kematian Di Kecamatan Kluet Timur

East Kluet District was the first to apply for a public service innovation program, one of which was the service program for receiving death compensation disbursement files in East Kluet District. This research was conducted because there was a gap that occurred in the people of East Kluet when they received deathcompensation services in the district capital, namely Tapaktuan District, the gap gave an unfavorable impression on the quality of public services. This study aims to determine the quality of public services in the service of receiving death compensation disbursement files in East Kluet District. Service quality can be measured by the performance of public organizations in providing services to the community. There are 8 indicators of service quality, namely: simplicity, clarity and certainty, security, openness, efficiency, economy, equitable justice, and timeliness. The type of research used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method by taking the focus of research in East Kluet District. Respondents used in this study were service providers, namely Setcam Kluet Timur and people who received death compensation services in East Kluet District. Data collection techniques used are interviews and field observations. After testing, the quality of public services in the service program for receiving death compensation disbursement files in East Kluet District according to the indicators, obtained maximum results. This means that the service program for receiving death compensation disbursement files in East Kluet District has met the quality of public services

Lean and Public Organization Performance: The Wisconsin Lean Government Initiative at the Wisconsin Department of Health Services

This exploratory research study employs an embedded single case study design of the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (DHS) to determine how the agency implemented the Governor’s Executive Order directing state agencies to promote efficiency by applying Lean principles. The order outlined goals such as a shift in mindset among employees and leadership by applying Lean principles, incorporating Lean principles in overall organizational plans, conducting Lean projects that can be tracked, and collaboration with other divisions and agencies to achieve Lean outcomes. For the study we used multiple data sources including survey, archival data, meeting minutes, and annual reports for the evaluation. We employed pattern matching for the analysis applying the Lean implementation framework SITE MAP developed by Furterer to the Wisconsin Lean Government Initiative implementation. Our results indicate the SITE MAP framework aligned with the implementation, and that the agency met the goals of the executive order. Based on our findings, we developed several theoretical propositions that should be useful for continuous improvement attempts at state agencies.

The publicness enigma: Can perceived publicness predict employees' formal and prosocial behavior across sectors?

The meaning of Publicness for organizations and for individuals has received growing attention in the public administration literature in recent years. We adopt a perceived publicness perspective to expand our understanding of the publicness concept and operationalize this perception as a means to predict employees’ formal and prosocial behaviors across sectors. Using a recently developed Publicness Perceptions Scale (PPS), we present and empirically examine a model regarding the direct and indirect relationships among perceived publicness, employees’ engagement, and their performance in public and hybrid organizations. Findings based on a field study of 340 employees from governmental (i.e. public) and non-governmental (i.e. hybrid) organizations reveal that perceived publicness has a positive relationship with Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCB) and that this relationship is largely mediated by employees’ engagement. In addition, in non-government organizations perceived publicness is negatively related to employees’ in-role performance. We thus contribute to the theoretical knowledge on publicness at the perceptual level and point to its role in formal and informal performance across sectors. Other theoretical, methodological, and practical implications are discussed, and directions for future studies are suggested.

Administrative delegation revisited: Experimental evidence on the behavioural consequences of public service motivation and risk aversion

Getting a grip on issues of administrative delegation is key to the performance of public organizations. The oversight game models delegation as a conflict of interest between an inspector and an inspectee to act in the interests of the former. This study tests alternative solutions to overcome ‘shirking’ in the oversight game. Specifically, we test the effect of external incentives, as implied by the game-theoretical solution, against the role of intrinsic factors, namely, public service motivation and job-related risk aversion. Evidence from a laboratory ( N = 208) and survey experiment ( N = 794) show that both the game-theoretical approach, which inspired new public management, and public service motivation, as its antithesis, fail to explain subjects’ behaviour. Instead, job-related risk aversion makes oversight more and ‘shirking’ less likely. This finding hints towards a more differentiated view of public employees’ risk attitudes to improve administrative delegation. Points for practitioners The promise of new public management that oversight issues in administrative delegation disappear with setting appropriate extrinsic incentives is too simplistic. Public service motivation, on the other hand, which started as an antithesis of the self-interested bureaucrat, also fails to solve the issue of ‘shirking’ in administrative delegation. Instead, job-related risk aversion appears to improve administrative delegation, which presents a remarkable counterpoint to the popular opinion in public management that risk aversion is problematic for public organizations’ performance. Rather than avoid selecting risk-averse public employees generally, more attention might be paid to the domains of administrative decision-making in which such traits can be beneficial.

Driving Strategy Implementation to Success

Under the pressure to improve strategy implementation effectiveness and organizational performance, several government officials look for new tools and methods to have greater public organizational performance. By improving the public organizations' performance, public value and citizens trust in government will be improved. Saudi Arabia is a country in Western Asia and one of the Middle East countries which depends on its natural resources (i.e. oil and gas production) as the primary source of income (Such countries are named rentier states). However, Saudi Arabia was trying to reduce its dependence on oil and to have a diverse set of products that feed its income since the ’70s of the last century. This notion has been injected by Saudi government officials into their national strategies (i.e. 5- year national development plans). However, several contemporary analyses show that Saudi still depends on oil as the primary source of income, which means that its national strategies implementation is not achieving its foremost objectives. Not achieving the strategic objectives keep the organisational performance low which accumulatively will have an impact on the whole government and the country’s economy. Based on a sample from Saudi public organisations, the research describes the strategy implementation dynamics and issues along with the drivers that have an impact on implementing effectiveness that leads to the organisational performance improvements in which -at the end- will lead to improvements in the economic performance of the country. One of the key findings of the research indicates that having a coordinated body for the strategy implementation activities across the organisation is the first ranked driver for having successful strategy implementation.

The impact of internal control systems on the intensity of innovation and organizational performance of public sector organizations in Vietnam: the moderating role of transformational leadership

Drawing on the resource-based view, new public management theory, and innovation systems theory, this study examines the relationships between internal control systems (ICSs) and organizational performance in Vietnamese public sector organizations (PSOs), with particular emphasis on the mediating role of intensity of innovation and the moderating role of transformational leadership. Data from 319 PSOs in Vietnam corroborated our hypothesis that ICSs boost the intensity of innovation, which has a beneficial effect on organizational performance. Additionally, data demonstrated that intensity of innovation fully mediated the relationships between ICSs and organizational performance, and that transformational leadership reinforced the mediating relationships. The findings have implications for our understanding of the function of leadership and ICSs in managing innovation and promoting performance in PSOs in emerging markets.

IMPLEMENTING AN INTERNAL CONTROL STRATEGY FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS

Strategic management is not only applied to the private sector but has also been applied to the public sector. The implementation of strategic management in the two sectors is actually not that much different, it's just that public sector institutions do not emphasize the organization's goal to seek profit but rather to serve the community. The stages of strategic management begin with strategy formulation, strategy implementation and strategy evaluation. The implementation of public sector strategic management is one of the best ways to achieve good governance. In an effort to realize a better performance of government organizations in providing services to the community, the implementation of strategic management for public sector organizations is very important to improve the effectiveness of the performance of public sector organizations. This requires public sector organizations to think strategically, be able to translate their inputs into effective strategies, and develop the rationale needed to lay the foundation for implementing their strategies. Implementation of strategic management in public sector organizations is expected to assist the organization in realizing its vision and mission. Although the outcome orientation to be achieved by implementing strategic management between the private sector and the public sector is slightly different, the two sectors certainly face different environmental conditions which become their own obstacles in the process of implementing strategic management. To overcome the obstacles that occur, one of them is by using a SWOT analysis approach (strength, weakness, opportunity, and threats). -constraints that occur in measuring the performance of public sector organizations

When Too Little or Too Much Hurts: Evidence for a Curvilinear Relationship Between Cyberloafing and Task Performance in Public Organizations

When Too Little or Too Much Hurts: Evidence for a Curvilinear Relationship Between Cyberloafing and Task Performance in Public Organizations

How do innovation and financial reporting influence public sector performance in a transition market?

PurposeDrawing on new public management (NPM) theory and institutional theory, this research examined the direct and indirect effects of an innovation-oriented culture on organisational performance as measured based on financial reporting quality and accountability. The investigation involved public organisations in Vietnam, which is a transition market.Design/methodology/approachA survey was administered to accountants and finance managers working in the public sector, and 248 valid questionnaires were subjected to analysis. The research model and hypotheses were tested via partial least squares-structural equation modelling.FindingsResults indicated that an innovation-oriented culture favourably affects the performance of public sector organisations. The quality of financial reporting and accountability mediate the relationship between the aforementioned culture and performance.Originality/valueThis study is the first to examine the chain of activities that spans innovation, financial reporting quality, accountability and organisational performance in the context of public sector organisations in an Asian transition market.

Public service motivation and organizational performance: Catalyzing effects of altruism, perceived social impact and political support.

With the increasing pressures and demands from the public sector to be more efficient and effective and accountable, the idea of Public Service Motivation (PSM) and Organization Performance (OP) has become more relevant and critical. This quantitative research hypothesizes that PSM leads towards higher level of organizational performance among public sector officials and also explores the intervening effects of Altruism (ALT), Perceived Social Impact (PSI) and Political Support (PS) in this context. Based on self-administered questionnaire, data was collected from 405 public officials using random sampling strategy. Covariance Based Structural Equation Modelling was used to test the hypothesized model. Following the validation of the measurement model, structural model was developed to test the various paths predicted in the hypotheses. Analysis revealed that PSM, PS and ALT have a positive relationship with OP whereas PSM relationship with PS could not be established.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PUBLIC SERVICES MOTIVATION AND ETHICAL LEADERSHIP WITH ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE AT MILITARY TRAINING ACADEMY, NDUM.

A public organization is an important sector in the administration of the Nation and it needs to remain relevant and accepted by society. The sub-sector such as services and security are the most important organizations that require high performance in society and the country to ensure security is always guaranteed. Military Training Academy, NDUM is an organization involved in various security and humanitarian operations either nationally or internationally. Accordingly, this study was conducted to assess employee motivation in public service activities by using the Public Service Motivation Model (PSM). The elements contained in the model are an attraction to public policymaking, commitment to the public interest, self-sacrifice, compassion, and ethical leadership. This study aims to analyze the relationship between Public Service Motivation (PSM) and organizational performance with ethical leadership among employees in Military Training Academy, NDUM. Quantitative research methods were used and questionnaires have been distributed to staff and instructors in Military Training Academy, NDUM, located in Kuala Lumpur by distributing the questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 19. The results of this study showed that the attraction towards public policy-making (t=1.927, p>0.01), commitment to public interest (t=0.289, p>0.01), self-sacrifice (t=1.623, p>0.01), compassion (t=0.704, p>0.01) and ethical leadership (t=7.071, p<0.01). Ethical leadership encourages employees to participate in community service programs and improve organizational performance.

KINERJA EKONOMI, EFISIENS, DAN EFEKTIVITAS DINAS SOSIAL KABUPATEN MALANG SEBELUM DAN SELAMA PANDEMI

The Social Service of Malang Regency has not applied the concept of value for money in evaluating performance, which consists of economy, efficiency and effectiveness. Several previous studies have analyzed the performance of public sector organizations, but this study fills the gap by comparing performance before and during the pandemic in 2019-2020. The data collected is interview data and financial performance reports. Three programs assessed were office administration service, facilities and infrastructure improvement, and development of the performance and financial reporting system. The result is that the Social Service is included in the category of balanced economic and economic in 2019 and 2020, in which there are no activities whose costs exceed the budget. In addition, overall, the Social Service was more efficient in 2020 as indicated by the lower total realized costs than in 2019, despite the same number of activities. Working from home and decreasing employee mobilization due to pandemic restrictions contribute to efficiency. Regarding effectiveness, the 2020 pandemic conditions did not reduce the achievement of the performance targets. Suggestions for the Social Service are to maintain performance, start performing performance appraisals based on value of money, and be more efficient in using inputs to optimize output.

Public organizational performance: Policy implementation in environmental management in Bandung City

This study is motivated by the performance of the Department of Environment and Hygiene Services of Bandung City which has not been optimal. This is partly due to the poor services in the underground water mining sector, thus it is a current synthesis. This study aims to explore and discuss organizational performance through policies that have been implemented. The research method used was a descriptive qualitative approach, using data collection techniques of observation, interviews, and literature study. The results of the study indicate that the performance of public organizations has not been optimal due to low responsibility, responsiveness, and accountability, as well as internal constraints that occur structurally, the competence of human resources and non-human resources that are not appropriate so that it affects performance in the underground water mining sector that does not comply rule. This study concludes that the organizational structure and human resources in public organizations have not been effective and efficient so that the completion of public services is hampered.

Introducing the Contextual Ambidexterity Scale for Public Organizations (CASPO): Scale development and initial evidence

Contextual ambidexterity describes the organizational capacity of being simultaneously able to adapt and change in the face contextual requirements while keeping alignment and predictability. Contextual ambidexterity has been recognized as an appropriate explanation of organizational performance, and its influence has already permeated accounts of public organizations’ dynamics. We join this line of reasoning by suggesting that some specific characteristics of public organizations call for refinement of the contextual ambidexterity concept, and the correspondent evolution in measuring this organizational ability, thus introducing the Contextual Ambidexterity Scale for Public Organizations (CASPO). We suggest going beyond the original measure of alignment and adaptability created by Gibson and Birkinshaw (2004), to include psychological safety, reflexive spaces, and flexibility as sub-dimensions of adaptability and imprinting, rulefollowing and shared vision as sub-dimensions of alignment. On the basis of a sample of civil servants (n=200), we used exploratory factor analysis to identify a six-dimensional solution covering alignment and adaptability. Using another sample of civil servants (n=200), we used confirmatory factor analysis to test CASPO’s construct validity and regression analysis in testing the criterion validity. The results reveal that CASPO shows appropriate metric qualities and that it surpasses Gibson and Birkinshaw’s (2004) scale in predicting both their measure of generic organizational performance and a measure of performance specific for public organizations. This study contributes to the creation of sound measures of relevant concepts explaining the performance of public organizations.

The Adoption of Geographic Information Systems in the Public Sector of Saudi Arabia: A Conceptual Model

The development of fuzzy sets in geographic information systems (GIS) arose out of the need to handle uncertainty and the ability of soft computing technology to support fuzzy information processing. Fuzzy logic is an alternative logical foundation coming from artificial intelligence (AI) technology with several useful implications for spatial data handling. GIS has been found to have a crucial role in the performance of public sector organizations (PSO). However, the literature shows no universal model to support and shed light on GIS adoption, which lessens the chances for effective GIS adoption and usage. Therefore, a new model is needed for successful adoption and eventual enhanced organization’s performance. Thus, there is a need to investigate the factors that can bring about GIS adoption. Models for GIS adoption in literature are few and far between, and the few that exist are not applicable as they do not cover all the significant factors that can contribute to adoption success. Hence, this paper brought a GIS adoption model for PSOs to promote their performance. The model was developed through the extension of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in addition to the DeLone and McLean’s Success Model. The study involved interviews with ten experts in ranking the extracted factors, and data was analyzed through thematic analysis. On the basis of the obtained analysis findings, the fundamental factors were found to be significant in their effects, and GIS adoption sufficiently related to the overall performance. Thus, the study contributes to the body of knowledge by filling the gap in the literature.

Linking Top Leader Turnover to the Performance of Public Organizations: Evidence from New York City Public High Schools

Limited research has taken the contingency perspective to analyze the conditions under which the impact of top leader turnover on public organizations’ performance may vary. Using panel data from New York City public high schools, this study not only examines the main effect of principal turnover on schools’ performance but also how the main effect depends on schools’ baseline performance. Two estimation strategies—namely fixed effect models and Blundell–Bond dynamic panel models—find a consistent pattern that leader turnover is negatively associated with subsequent organizational performance, and the negative impact is stronger in low-performing organizations than it is in high-performing organizations. This study contributes to the literature by showing that the disruptive effects of leader turnover outweigh the adaptive effects in some public organizations. Moreover, the contingency perspective highlights the role of pre-turnover performance in moderating the effect of leader turnover.