Performance Of Irrigation Systems Research Articles

The Application of Smart Drip Irrigation System for Precision Farming

Managing water resources in urban areas is relatively expensive due to the costs of electricity and water distribution from wells and water companies. Therefore, water resource management for urban agricultural purposes needs to be made efficient, such as through smart irrigation technologies, one of which is the drip irrigation system that engages soil moisture sensors and the Internet of Things (IoT) to control the amount of distributed water. This study aims to apply and evaluate the performance of a drip irrigation system based on soil moisture sensors and IoT in urban agriculture. The results showed that the distribution uniformity in the system was identified at fair levels, with a Coefficient of Uniformity (CU) of 90.15% and 86.58%, respectively. Furthermore, our study also found that the IoT-assisted drip irrigation system that engaged a Deep Neural Networks (DNN) model to meet the water requirement led to better peanut yield than the irrigation system based on soil moisture as a control.

Design of Scheduled Fog Irrigation System with ESP 32 in Mustard Seedbed (Brassica juncea L.)

Plants receive water from the fog irrigation system in the form of tiny, mist-like water particles. Currently, irrigation technology has advanced, nurseries can be automatically irrigated. In this research, the ESP32 microcontroller is used to create the electronic circuits for the automation of the fog irrigation control system in a mustard green nursery. This study's methodology combines direct field observation with an experimental or trial approach. Water flow (ml/minute), water use efficiency (%), plant height (cm), number of leaves, and scheduled fog irrigation system performance are among the measured parameters. In this investigation, four different treatments were used: manual irrigation using a watering can, two-time, three-time, and one-time irrigation. All is going according to plan with this mist watering system. With an average height of 4.58 cm and an average number of leaves of 3.24, the mist irrigation system had the highest water use efficiency of 77.35% during the test. It was also found that mist irrigation produced the highest amount of mustard leaves in the three-times-per-day treatment. Keywords: ESP32, Fog irrigation, Green mustard, Nurseries.

Joint modeling of longitudinal and survival data for the evaluation of the impact of irrigation systems on the time until the occurrence of phoma leaf spot in Arabica coffee plants.

The coffee crop is prominent in Brazilian agriculture, making the country a global power in this area. One of the main concerns in the coffee sector is disease, which can affect coffee productivity and quality. Thus, it is important to evaluate the factors that may affect coffee quality and thus enhance the development of strategies to reduce coffee losses and costs and optimize production. This study evaluated the influence of the type of irrigation (self-propelled, drip, and center pivot) on the time until the occurrence of phoma leaf spot on Arabica coffee plants, considering the intensity of the disease. Additionally, the association between longitudinal incidence and the time until an event of interest was assessed based on the joint modeling of longitudinal and survival data. The results of this study identify the effectiveness of drip irrigation system compared with other systems; the use of such systems was associated with an ~46.5% reduction in the risk of leaf spot disease compared with the use of a self-propelled irrigation system. The use of a center pivot system increased the risk of disease progression compared with a self-propelled system. An association between the longitudinal and survival processes was also observed. The findings demonstrate the superior performance of the drip irrigation system in controlling phoma leaf spot disease in Arabica coffee plants compared with self-propelled and center pivot systems. This research highlights the potential of using drip irrigation to establish more effective agricultural practices in coffee cultivation, contributing to better disease management and improved crop quality. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Effect of Fertigation Methods on Hydraulic Performance of Drip Irrigation System under Greenhouse Conditions

Effect of Fertigation Methods on Hydraulic Performance of Drip Irrigation System under Greenhouse Conditions

Experimental performance of smart irrigation systems using IoT

In agriculture field soil is a crucial determinant of plant development, primarily in irrigated environments. Nowadays there are several ways for assessing soil quality on a density or suspense basis. To develop, all plants need a specific amount of moisture level. PI involves cutting-edge technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), and cloud computing. In this method presents an overview of the soft computing methods based on the PI concept and architecture, including the most common wireless technologies. Then, a real-time IoT-based intelligent irrigation system is designed as a proof of concept. Several wireless sensor nodes are deployed to monitor both soil moisture and temperature. Sensed data are transmitted to the gateway through the Messaging Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) communication protocol. Root based findings depict that the proposed work increases crop growth and productivity and decreases water wastage more than other state-of-the-art strategies. ANFIS method to predict the plant growth level based on the fuzzy rule. Wireless communication technology allows for the automation of different devices and real-time analysis of data collected by these sensors. The IoT (Internet of Things) system demonstrates improved plant growth. Furthermore, the application used in the plant's worst conditions and situations has provided the best sources for appropriate plant growth..

The incorporation of solar energy and compressed air into the energy supply system enhances the environmentally friendly and efficient operation of drip irrigation systems

Photovoltaic-powered drip irrigation is a vital approach to address the irrigation requirements in regions with limited water resources and energy deficiencies, thereby ensuring the provision of sustenance and horticultural produce for local inhabitants. However, the susceptibility of the drip irrigation system to clogging as well as the fluctuations in photovoltaic output can significantly impact irrigation quality. Moreover, conventional storage methods commonly employed in photovoltaic-powered drip irrigation systems, such as elevated water tanks and batteries, exhibit notable technological, economic, and environmental limitations. The present study introduces a novel photovoltaic drip irrigation technology (CAES-PVDI) that utilizes solar energy as the exclusive source of power, enabling stable and cost-effective high-quality drip irrigation. This technology actively regulates solar energy through compressed air energy storage, employing a cyclic pulse discharge method to ensure uniformity in irrigation outflow and significantly enhance the anti-clogging performance of the drip irrigation system. The proposed technology was implemented in a solar greenhouse for drip irrigation, and subsequent tests were conducted to assess its hydraulic performance and anti-clogging properties The results demonstrated that the system achieved a discharge uniformity of no less than 91.76 %. Furthermore, there was no blocked emitter in CAES-PVDI system, and the sedimentation inside the capillary tube decreased by 78.95 %-93.36 % compared to traditional drip irrigation system. In comparison to existing photovoltaic-powered drip irrigation technology, the CAES-PVDI system exhibited exceptional technical indicators and offered significant economic and environmental benefits, thereby presenting a novel approach to promote environmentally friendly and efficient operation of drip irrigation systems.

تقييم أداء أنظمة ري مختلفة تعمل بالطاقة الشمسية وتأثيرها على إنتاجية الباقلاء (Vicia Faba…L)

An experiment was carried out at Al-Raed Research Station, which is located on the Baghdad-Anbar Road. It was conducted during the winter season of 2022-2023, in order to evaluate the performance of different solar irrigation systems and their effect on bean yield (Vicia faba… L). A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with three replications. The experiment consists of three factors. first factor was the solar panel type with two levels: mono-crystalline and poly-crystalline. Second factor was the irrigation system with two levels: drip and sprinkler irrigation system. The third factor was the distances between the sub-lines with three levels (40, 60, 80 cm). The results show that the monocrystalline achieved the best result by achieving the highest irrigation system efficiency (76.31%), and highest seeds yield total (6618 Kg/ha) with minimum operational costs (0.0252 $/KWh). The drip irrigation had the highest irrigation system efficiency (84.40%), and highest total seeds yield (6077 Kg/ha) with minimum operational costs (0.0340 $/ KWh). The distance (40cm) between the sublines had the highest irrigation system efficiency (76.83 %), with less operational costs (0.0398 $ / KWh).

Modification of Risers in Buried Pipe Irrigation System to Improve their Performance

This study identified the problems associated with the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of risers in buried pipe irrigation systems and proposed a modified design. The problems of buried pipe irrigation systems were assessed by inspecting three deep tube wells (DTWs) supplying water through buried pipes with twenty-five outlets. One DTW of the Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC) with five outlets in Netrokona, and one with fifteen outlets in Bara Kailati village and one with five outlets in Bali Bazar, both in Netrokona Sadar, were selected. Data were collected from farmers, field staff, and management authorities by employing pretested questionnaires and field investigations. Site visits revealed that the primary problems were the water leakage through outlets and cracks in the riser structure around the outlet. These problems were due to unsuitable outlet design of the buried pipe system. To overcome these problems, the riser design has been modified structurally, that may lead the buried pipe to suitable and durable performance of buried pipe irrigation system and reduce water losses. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 22(2):225-230, 2024

Empowerment of farmers through participatory irrigation management in Bihar, India

AbstractPoorly performing irrigation schemes in India require technical, managerial and institutional support on an urgent basis. In recent years, participatory irrigation management (PIM) has gained momentum as a strategy to improve the performance of irrigation systems, increase water use efficiency and promote equitable water distribution. This approach involves the active involvement of farmers and other stakeholders in the planning, implementation and management of irrigation systems. The state of Bihar has primarily an agrarian economy and irrigation is essential for agricultural production. However, Bihar's irrigation potential is being underutilized due to improper management of irrigation systems. In Bihar, the experiment of PIM in the Paliganj distributary of the Sone irrigation scheme was attempted as a local initiative by WALMI Patna, which was funded by USAID, and, thus, the need for an overall state policy and strategic plan was realized. Therefore, PIM has been implemented through the formation of water users' associations (WUAs) and farmers’ organizations (FOs) at different levels under the Bihar Irrigation Act of 1997, and Bihar Irrigation, Flood Management and Drainage Rules, 2003. The Bihar model of PIM is based on the macro‐to‐micro approach because of its geographical conditions and the size of the schemes in the state. This paper examines the implementation of PIM in Bihar and its impacts on farmers.

Pathways and technologies for modern irrigation services: Iran country paper

AbstractI.R. Iran, with 8.8 million ha of irrigated area, is fifth in the world with respect to irrigated land. Scarcity of water resources and great difficulty with water accessibility have brought about initiatives of technology building, as well as approaches to agricultural water management by local communities. During recent decades a huge public budget has been invested in order to improve irrigation services. Improving performance of irrigation systems needs proper diagnosis of the problems and a systematic approach towards modernization. Also having been recently developed and modernized, adjustment of the laws and regulations of the water sector has caused management frameworks of irrigation networks to be gradually improved. In general, in addition to the management framework, equipping with modern tools for measuring water flow and applying tools such as geographic information systems and databases have led to the improvement of water distribution and management. Technical, managerial and policies programmes, as well as investment in water resources and irrigation infrastructures in addition to training and education of farmers and field engineers in water saving in agriculture and enhancing water productivity, resulted in positive impacts on better management of limited fresh water in irrigation.

Evaluation of the drought resilience of indigenous irrigation water systems: a case study of dry zone Sri Lanka

The wave of modernization and globalization in the last century has rapidly involved a technological paradigm shift from indigenous irrigation water systems to modern systems in arid regions. Despite interest in the drought resilience of indigenous water systems, the impact of this paradigm shift on drought resilience remains poorly understood because previous studies have focused on fixed irrigation water systems. To fill this gap, we investigated the drought resilience of an indigenous and modern irrigation water system that coexists in the drought-prone Mahaweli H region of the Sri Lankan dry zone. To explain drought resilience, we quantified the historical irrigation system performance (1985–2021) of both water systems using the water duty indicator (i.e., the volume of water required to cultivate a unit land area). The statistical Pettitt test was used to detect significant change points in the time series of water duty, and we divided the time line into few periods based on the change points. Furthermore, a quantitative trend analysis of several socio-hydrological variables and a qualitative analysis of their socio-hydrological backgrounds with triggers of water duty were conducted to explain drought resilience path dependency in modern and indigenous water systems. The results indicated a higher drought resilience is embedded in the indigenous system as the mean water duty increment in drought years compared to non-drought years is 16.4% for the indigenous system and 58.3% for the modern system. In addition, drought resilience pathways that elucidated by water duty change points also demonstrated that indigenous water system features a higher drought resilience compared to the modern water system. The findings of this comparative study can contribute to the design of drought resilience improvement strategies in arid region irrigation water systems in a more comprehensive manner.

EVALUASI KINERJA SISTEM IRIGASI (Studi Kasus Pada Daerah Irigasi Manganti Kabupaten Ciamis dan Kabupaten Cilacap)

Evaluation of the performance of an irrigation system is needed to determine the value of all supporting components of the irrigation system which then becomes a reference for improvement. The evaluation of irrigation system performance refers to PUPR Minister Regulation No. 12/PRT/M/2015 concerning Operation and Maintenance of Irrigation Network combined with Subak irrigation network system. Manganti Irrigation Area has an area of 26,153.00 Ha. There is a problem of less than optimal performance of the irrigation system of the Manganti Irrigation Area in 2022. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the D.I Manganti irrigation system. In this study, a qualitative descriptive method was used, by collecting primary data using a structured form of maintenance based on evaluating the performance of the irrigation system by means of manual calculations using Microsoft Excel. The results of the analysis of the value of the irrigation system performance index have a value weight of 73.88% according to regulatory standards with a range of values of 70-79 including in the category of good performance, therefore it still needs maintenance, routine maintenance and periodic maintenance to avoid a decrease in the value of the irrigation system performance index, this can affect the condition and function of the D.I Manganti irrigation system.

Performance Evaluation of a Drip Irrigation System inside the Automated Greenhouse in Huye Ecological Condition

This research, titled Performance Evaluation of a Drip Irrigation System inside the Automated Greenhouse in Huye ecological Condition, was carried out in the Research Center of Integrated Polytechnic Regional College (IPRC)-Huye Campus, which is located in the Ngoma Sector of Huye District of Rwanda, in 2023. The study has mentioned the specific objectives of determining the average emitter discharge of the irrigation system, evaluating Christiansen Coefficient Uniformity (CU), and evaluating the distribution uniformity (DU) of the system. The research design was a randomized complete block design with four replications. The experiment was conducted on 24 laterals and 288 drippers installed in the greenhouse. Each lateral had an equal distance of 36.5m and carried 94 total drippers. Data analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD for means were used as statistical tools in MINITAB software version 17. The confidence interval was 95%. The obtained results indicated an average discharge (q) of 3.98 L/h in the drip irrigation system, coefficient uniformity (CU) of 99.96%, and distribution uniformity (DU) of 57.72%. The research concludes that the performance of irrigation systems is excellent for water application. However, the way water is distributed in all systems is poor. In addition, the drip irrigation system may reach an adequate level of performance when it works in a shifty manner.

Effect of treated wastewater irrigation on ornamental plants: Case study of Lantana and Hibiscus, Morocco

AbstractIn water stressed countries such as Morocco, the use of treated wastewater represents a strategic perspective for sustainable agricultural development. However, technological and management innovations are needed to make it feasible and effective. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of irrigation with treated wastewater compared with fresh water on the growth of two ornamental plants: Rosa Sinensis hibiscus and Lantana Camara. The study also aimed to examine the impact of treated wastewater on the hydraulic performance of different irrigation systems. To carry out this study, irrigation was applied by two irrigation systems: subsurface drip irrigation and surface drip irrigation. Also, two sources of water were compared: treated wastewater from the WWTP of M'zar (tertiary treatment) and well water, each for a duration of 2 months. The results obtained showed that the treated wastewater generally promoted a better development of agronomic parameters such as height, number of branches, leaves, and flowers for both plants. The same observation was also made regarding the esthetical parameter. For the irrigation system effect, the results obtained showed a better development under the subsurface drip irrigation system; thus, the combination of treated wastewater and subsurface drip irrigation provided the best results for both plants. Regarding the hydraulic performance of the irrigation system, no risk of clogging of the distributors was observed in relation to the water quality; the uniformity coefficient and distribution uniformity remained above 90%. It can therefore be deduced that the use of treated wastewater for irrigation of green spaces should be at the heart of water resource mobilization policies. in fact, it represents an excellent alternative for promoting national water management strategies.

Preliminary Evaluation of Drip Irrigation System Performance in Watermelon Cultivation

In watermelon production, irrigation is the most significant factor in achieving good yields. Properly selecting an irrigation system may provide successful irrigation for excellent crop quality and productivity. Drip irrigation is a popular approach for this purpose. Drip irrigation can successfully deliver water to plants based on the amount required by the crop. However, this irrigation system's performance should be investigated to guarantee that it can run in the best possible conditions. This study aimed to assess the preliminary version of drip irrigation for watermelon crops. The field experiments were conducted on a watermelon planting plot at MARDI Kundang Selangor. The drip irrigation system performance was evaluated based on hydraulic parameters such as coefficient uniformity (CU), emission uniformity (EU), coefficient of variation (CV), and emitter flow variation (EFV) according to ASAE standards. The results indicate that CU is in excellent classification, with a CU efficiency greater than 91 per cent. The EU value was 86%, showing a reasonable variety. However, the CV value was 0.1, indicating a marginal classification. Meanwhile, the emitter flow variation (EFV) is 19% which is considered acceptable. The results of this preliminary study showed that the performance of this drip irrigation system is satisfactory, as the hydraulic parameters evaluated met the ASAE standard's minimum classification requirements. The distribution of discharge data was similarly shown to have no significant difference using a one-sample t-test, with a p-value of 0.096.

Improving Hydraulic Performance of Drip Irrigation Emitters Through CFD Analysis

A drip irrigation system delicately nourishes plant roots by gently delivering water drop by drop, ensuring minimal water loss due to runoff or evaporation. This method allows soil particles ample time to absorb and retain the water, promoting optimal plant hydration. To enhance the efficiency of drip irrigation, a mesmerizingly detailed 3D solid model of a drip emitter was meticulously crafted using cutting-edge SolidWorks software, revolutionizing the irrigation system's performance. CFD simulation technique is used to understanding the internal flow behavior and optimum pressure inside the in -line drip irrigation emitters. Their labyrinth structures of channels are main cause of change in flow behavior and optimum pressure in the drip irrigation emitters. Standard k-ɛ model and Enhanced wall function are used to simulate the flow behavior in labyrinth channels. Key findings are the efficiency of triangular channel is greater than the other channels (rectangular, trapezoidal and circular) based on analysis of flow rate. The value of Discharge coefficient of these channels from CFD simulation present a relationship of kCircular>kTrapezoidal>kRectangular>kTriangular. When the channel shape is smooth (like a circular channel) than the higher value of k. The efficiency of triangular channel is greater than the other channels (rectangular, trapezoidal and circular) based on analysis of flow rate. Discharge is increased by 76%, 68.42%,66.67% and 39.39% for circular channel, Trapezoidal channel, rectangular channel and Triangular Channel respectively for pressure range of 1.02m of water head to 10.2m of water head.

Performance of a Drip Irrigation System under the Co-Application of Water, Fertilizer, and Air

The co-application of water, fertilizer, and air is a new water-saving irrigation method based on drip irrigation technology, which can effectively alleviate the phenomenon of soil rhizosphere hypoxia, improve water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, and inhibit the clogging of irrigation equipment in drip irrigation systems. The performance of drip irrigation systems is one of the important factors affecting the effectiveness of the co-application of water, fertilizer, and air. However, the impact of factors such as the aeration method, fertilization device, and working parameters on the performance of drip irrigation systems for the co-application of water, fertilizer, and air is still unclear. Therefore, based on two typical aeration methods, i.e., micro-nano and Venturi aeration, the performance of a drip irrigation system under the co-application of water, fertilizer, and air was studied by comparing and analyzing the effects of different aeration methods, working pressures of the drip irrigation system, and the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of fertilizer irrigation on the spatial distribution uniformity of water, fertilizer, and air in the drip irrigation pipeline network. The results showed that the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of fertilization irrigation had no significant impact on system performance, while the working pressure significantly affected system performance. Compared with the effective effect of Venturi aeration on system performance, micro-nano aeration can significantly affect drip irrigation system performance and effectively improve drip irrigation system performance. The micro-nano-aerated drip irrigation system with the co-application of water, fertilizer, and air under a working pressure of 0.1 MPa has better system performance. The research results are of great significance for revealing the mechanism underlying the impact of the co-application of water, fertilizer, and air on the performance of drip irrigation systems and constructing efficient drip irrigation technology for the co-application of water, fertilizer, and air.

Performance Index Model of Main Structure (CASE STUDY IN IPDMIP)

Purpose: This research intends to build a performance index model of main stucture by case study in IPDMIP. Theoretical reference: It is important to evaluate the percentage weights of 6 (six) variables in the Irrigation System Performance Index (ISPI) assessment so that irrigation managers get assessment results close to actual conditions in the field, improving the quality of irrigation system management. Method: The methodology or the main structure model in this study was analyzed by using SEM-PLS software and GRG analysis. The selection of a research location in the Central Authority Irrigation Area was by considering the same data availability as previous research. In this research, the author used the Smart-PLS (Partial Least Square) application to analyze and reduce variables, which were then analyzed again using the GRG (Generalized Reduced Gradient) method to calculate non-linear equations. Result and Conclusion: The result shows that in this equation, there is only 1 (one) variable, 3 (three) dimensions, and 13 (thirteen) indicators analyzed. After analyzing with SEM PLS, followed by GRG (Generalized Reduced Gradient) analysis with the solver in Microsoft Excel, changes in variable weights occur, so the new model equation for the main structure performance index (Y) is 0.348, with structure body dimensions of + 0.492 and door & gear to operate of +0.160. Mud Bags and drain doors apply to the Central Authority. Implication of research: Based on the results of previous research, where the assessment weight of the variable of the main irrigation network (with a weight of 0.744) is greater than the tertiary irrigation network (with a weight of 0.256). Originality/ value: the role of the main irrigation network is more dominant in channeling water from the intake to the tertiary irrigation network. However, previous research has not been completed since the main structure still has a level below it and has not been included in the scope of previous research.

Analysis of the Performance of Drip Irrigation System for Okra Production Using Wastewater at Zagyuri in Sagnerigu Municipal in the Northern Region of Ghana

In this study, a field evaluation was performed for the drip irrigation system. The results indicate that the average Christiansen's coefficient of uniformity (CU) for the drip up-stream of the plot system had a coefficient of uniformity (CU) value of 97.0% while the drip mid-stream was next with 96.0% and the least was the drip down-stream of 76.0% of (CU). Hence, the systems performed well. The average soil infiltration rate observed was 160.25 mm/ h. The crop water productivity of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) grown under drip irrigation was determined as 22.31 kg/m3 for the mid-stream, followed by 21.98 kg/m3 for the up-stream and down-stream was the least of 16.48 kg/m3.

Penilaian Indeks Kinerja Sistem Irigasi (Studi Kasus Daerah Irigasi Cirompang Kabupaten Garut Jawa Barat)

Irrigation is an effort to provide, regulate and distribute irrigation water. The Cirompang Irrigation Area is located in Bungbulang District, Garut Regency, West Java Province, with a functional area of 847 Ha, covering the service area of 4 (four) villages, namely Cihikeu Village, Bungbulang Village, Margalaksana Village and Hanjuang Village, Bungbulang District. The location of the Cirompang Irrigation Area Weir is in the village of Cintarasa, Samarang sub-district. The availability of water in the upstream, downstream and main network areas during the planting season I to planting season III is felt to be sufficient but in the middle areas the availability of water is reduced or it can be said to be non-existent due to reduced water potential and there are damaged irrigation networks and accumulation of sedimentation which results in obstruction of water flow. The Cirompang secondary canal experienced moderate to moderate damage, there was accumulation of mud or sedimentation which affected the flow of water and besides that there was also a lack of personal O&M officers in the field such as irrigation officers, weir operation officers, water gate officers and workers who have so far relied on participation. water user farmers (P3A/GP3A). The research method was carried out by direct observation in the field, interviews and secondary data analysis. Calculation of the real need for operation and maintenance is needed to determine the O&M funding and priority recommendations proposed to increase the value of irrigation system performance appraisal (IKSI). The results of the IKSI assessment for the Cirompang irrigation area, the combined index value is in the bad criteria, namely with a weight value of 48.14%, meaning that the irrigation network requires rehabilitation of the irrigation system and needs immediate treatment. 117,626,150.00 In addition, O&M financing in Cirompang for the last 3 years is still far from ideal conditions, namely an average of only 10% of AKNOP. Efforts to increase the water discharge, it is suggested for the Public Works and Spatial Planning Office of Garut Regency is to increase the budget allocation, empower the participation of water-using farmers and rehabilitate irrigation networks.