Intersection Performance Research Articles

Turning-lane and signal optimization at intersections with multiple objectives

ABSTRACTTraffic congestion at intersections is a serious problem in cities. In order to discharge turning vehicles efficiently at intersections to relieve traffic jams, multiple left-turn and right-turn lanes are often used. This article proposes a novel multi-objective optimization method for signal setting and multiple turning-lane assignment at intersections based on microscopic traffic simulations and a cell-mapping method. Vehicle conflicts and pedestrian interference are considered. The intersection multi-objective optimization problem (MOP) is formulated. The cell-mapping method is adopted to solve the MOP. Three measures of traffic performance are studied including transportation efficiency, energy consumption and road safety. The influence of turning-lane assignment on intersection performance is investigated in the optimization. Significant impacts of the number of turning lanes on the traffic are observed. An algorithm is proposed to assist traffic engineers to select and implement the optimal designs. In general, more turning lanes help increase turning traffic efficiency and lower fuel consumption in most cases. Remarkable improvement in traffic performance can be achieved with combined optimization of lane assignment and signal setting, which cannot be obtained with signal setting optimization alone. The studies reported in this article provide general guidance for intersection planning and operation. The proposed optimization methodology represents a promising emerging technology for traffic applications.

Optimising the public transport priority at road intersections

A lot of effort is put into improving the efficiency of transportation and the optimisation of the current traffic situations. Nevertheless, this will not be sufficient to deal with the increasing number of road users. Public transportation is an appealing economical solution, although its quality is dependent on the efficiency of traffic lights and congestions. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of public transport (PT) priority on the performance of a single road intersection with two two-way crossing streets and a dedicated tram line. In this perspective, the authors set up a microscopic simulation experiment to evaluate different PT priorities. The study is applied to a road intersection in Ghent (Belgium) and all relevant inputs are based on real-life data. Overall, the total travel time of all actors advocate for traffic light control regulations that accommodate regular road users at the expense of PT and contradict the current priority settings of the signal control system. However, the passenger-dependent travel times give a slightly nuanced view advocating a delayed priority or even no priority for PT vehicles only during the evening peak.

ANALISIS DAMPAK LALU LINTAS PENGEMBANGAN PASAR PON TRENGGALEK

ABSTRACT The plan to develop the Pon Trenggalek Market, which is located on Jl.RA Kartini No. 1 Trenggalek, will cause seizures and pulls which will reduce the performance of roads and intersections around the area. Therefore it is necessary to do an Traffic Impact Analysis (Andalalin) in order to minimize the decline in the performance of roads and intersections and be able to provide solutions to traffic problems that occur due to the development of the Trenggalek Pon Market. Keywords: Generating and pulling, Traffic impact analysis, Jl RA Kartini

Cooperative and Integrated Vehicle and Intersection Control for Energy Efficiency (CIVIC-E2)

Recent advances in connected vehicle technologies enable vehicles and signal controllers to cooperate and improve the traffic management at intersections. This paper explores the opportunity for cooperative and integrated vehicle and intersection control for energy efficiency (CIVIC-E <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) to contribute to a more sustainable transportation system. We propose a two-level approach that jointly optimizes the traffic signal timing and vehicles' approach speed, with the objective being to minimize total energy consumption for all vehicles passing through an isolated intersection. More specifically, at the intersection level, a dynamic programming algorithm is designed to find the optimal signal timing by explicitly considering the arrival time and energy profile of each vehicle. At the vehicle level, a model predictive control strategy is adopted to ensure that vehicles pass through the intersection in a timely fashion. Our simulation study has shown that the proposed CIVIC-E <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> system can significantly improve intersection performance under various traffic conditions. Compared with conventional fixed-time and actuated signal control strategies, the proposed algorithm can reduce energy consumption and queue length by up to 31% and 95%, respectively.

2457 - The Holistic Intersection Rating System (HIRS: A Novel Methodology to Measure Intersection Performance

Background Urban roadway intersections are key components of urban transportation networks. They are traditionally viewed and designed as primarily motorized-traffic facilities thus their physical and operational designs aimed at maximizing traffic throughput. Seen from a systems’ viewpoint, however, they are transport and community facilities with direct and indirect impacts on traffic functionalities, public health and the livability of communities. Thus, an integrated physical and operational design approach is necessary to design and/or analyze those intersections. Methods This study proposes a new methodology for measuring intersection performance called the Holistic Intersection Rating System (HIRS). It is based on design and technology innovation to improve operations and foster public health and community well-being. HIRS will assess the intersection design and functionalities with respect to two main categories: enabling technologies and physical design aimed at the transport functionality, and physical design and operability aimed at public health and community well-being. In particular, HIRS examines transportation intersections as system components of the urban environment. It rates the physical features of the road and the different motorized and non-motorized traffic flow design and operation parameters that equitably optimize throughput and support desired public health and community well-being outcomes. The public health and community well-being outcomes HIRS rates relate to physical and mental health, community severance, and “completeness” of intersections. Results HIRS facilitates pedestrian and cyclists’ use of intersections so intersections serve the dual needs of meaningful travel and good health while improving drivers experience and neighborhood livability and quality of life. The HIRS index may be constructed using common intersection travel efficiency and public health and community well-being indicators or indicators. The indicators can be weighed using two methodologies: the Relative Importance Index (RII) and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The proposed system will be validated using an interdisciplinary industry panel of experts, and with empirical theoretical data runs. Conclusions Physical and operational design of roadway intersections, and the rating of sufficiency of such designs, are both necessary and possible for the well-functioning and use of urban transport systems and their users irrespective of modality. Tools that are dynamic and accommodating of changing designs and community values and priorities are necessary.

Automated intersection delay estimation using the input–output principle and turning movement data

Abstract Vehicle delay is one of the most important performance measures of effectiveness (PMOE) in intersection traffic operations. It allows traffic engineers to evaluate the performance of a traffic system component or the effectiveness of the system-wide control strategy. It is often utilized for real-time applications such as adaptive signal control, congestion management, and dynamic traffic assignment. However, obtaining intersection performance data in real time such as intersection control delay can be very time consuming and labor intensive. This paper develops and tests a reliable method called the Automated Vehicle Delay Estimation Technique (AVDET), which automatically estimates delay at a signalized intersection using detector data and signal timing information from the existing traffic signal controller. Results from the delay estimation algorithm were compared with those from simulation, followed by statistical tests under varying traffic operation conditions. The findings showed that AVDET was able to provide effective results under different traffic and signal control scenarios. Future work of field implementation for the proposed algorithms is recommended to investigate the model reliability and effectiveness in real-time traffic conditions.

KINERJA KOORDINASI SIMPANG BERSINYAL JALAN RAJAWALI – JALAN GARUDA (SIMPANG I) JALAN RAJAWALI – JALAN TINGANG (SIMPANG II) KOTA PALANGKA RAYA

Ruas Jalan Rajawali merupakan ruas Jalan Kolektor dimana sepanjang jalan terdapat banyak Pertokoan, Sekolah, Puskesmas, Hotel dan Perumahan Penduduk. Pada ruas Jalan Rajawali terdapat 2 (dua) titik simpang bersinyal empat lengan dimana jarak antara kedua titik persimpangan yaitu 540 meter. Kedua simpang yang berdekatan yaitu Jalan Rajawali dan Jalan Garuda (simpang I) serta Jalan Rajawali dan Jalan Tingang (simpang II). Penelitian memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja Simpang I dan Simpang II pada kondisi eksisting dan memberikan pilihan solusi agar tingkat pelayanan kedua simpang bersinyal menjadi lebih baik. Pengambilan data primer dilakukan dengan obeservasi langsung dilapangan, komponen data yang diambil melalui observasi berupa volume lalu lintas simpang, Geometrik simpang, dan waktu siklus. Sedangkan dalam melakukan perhitungan untuk mengetahui kinerja pada Simpang I dan Simpang II dilakukan dengan pendekatan MKJI. Solusi yang diterapkan untuk meningkatkan pelayanan pada kedua kinerja simpang dengan cara merubah fase pada kedua simpang kemudian dilakukan koordinasi sinyal pada kedua simpang secara manual. Hasil kinerja pada kondisi eksisting jam puncak siang menunjukkan nilai tundaan tertinggi di simpang I sebesar 78,79 det/smp dengan tingkat pelayanan E, sedangkan pada simpang II nilai tundaan sebesar 47,71 detik dengan nilai Indeks Tingkat Pelayanan E untuk jam puncak siang. Setelah dilakukan Skenario koordinasi sinyal dengan menyamakan kedua fase yaitu 3 fase serta perubahan waktu siklus pada Simpang I selama 50 detik dan Simpang II selama 50 detik, diperoleh nilai tundaan rata–rata pada simpang I sebesar 27,38 det/smp dengan nilai pelayanan D untuk jam puncak siang dan simpang II sebesar 30,30 det/smp dengan nilai pelayanan D. Penerapan koordinasi sinyal antara Simpang I dan Simpang II telah memaksimalkan kinerja simpang serta tingkat pelayanan pada Simpang I dan Simpang II menjadi lebih baik.

Investigating the safety impact of roadway network features of suburban arterials in Shanghai

With rapid changes in land use development along suburban arterials in Shanghai, there is a corresponding increase in traffic demand on these arterials. To accommodate the local traffic needs of high accessibility and efficiency, an increased number of signalized intersections and accesses have been installed. However, the absence of a defined hierarchical road network, together with irregular signal spacing and access density, tends to deteriorate arterial safety. Previous studies on arterial safety were generally based on a single type of road entity, either intersection or roadway segment, and they analyzed the safety contributing factors (e.g. signal density and access density) on only that type of road entity, while these suburban arterial characteristics could significantly influence the safety performance of both intersections and roadway segments. Macro-level safety modeling was usually applied to investigate the relationships between zonal crash frequencies and demographics, road network features, and traffic characteristics, but the previous researchers did not consider the specific arterial characteristics of signal density and access density. In this study, a new modeling strategy was proposed to analyze the safety impacts of zonal roadway network features (i.e., road network patterns and road network density) along with the suburban arterial characteristics of signal density and access density. Bayesian Conditional Autoregressive Poisson Log-normal models were developed for suburban arterials in 173 traffic analysis zones in the suburban area of Shanghai. Results identified that the grid pattern road network with collector roads parallel to arterials was associated with fewer crashes than networks without parallel collectors. On the other hand, lower road network density, higher signal density and higher access density tended to increase the crash occurrence on suburban arterials.

Study on Performance of Intersection Around The Underpass Using Micro Simulation Program

In order to overcome the problems of congestion at the major intersections in Palembang City, there have been grade separation constructions in the form of flyover or underpass. One of them is the intersection of Patal Pusri Underpass. The smooth traffic due to the underpass construction needs to be balanced by the arrangement management at the intersections located close to the underpass to get the best network performance since both affect each other performance. The Taman Kenten and Seduduk Putih junctions which are just 569 and 226 meters from the underpass of Patal Pusri has to be analyzed for its needs of management and traffic arrangements to reduce its impact on the performance of the intersection of Patal Pusri or vice versa. Some alternatives of management and traffic arrangements were developed to get the best solutions and the Vissim 8.00 microsimulation program was used to evaluate the performance of intersections in the network where the compared parameters are the value of the queue length and average delay. The results of the analysis and the conducted modeling show that the best solution to optimize the performance of the two junctions are to make geometric changes and diversion of traffic flow at Seduduk Putih Junction and making geometric changes at Taman Kenten Junction.

Using Micro-Simulation VISSIM to Study the Effectiveness of Left-Turn Waiting Area Implementation

Numerous attempts have been made to improve the existing intersection systems to maximize capacity and reduce the delay costs and queues. This paper introduces a simulation method to study the effectiveness of a new technique introduced recently in China – the left-turn waiting area. This has an extended left lane that allows the vehicles to wait before the signal turns green. It is reported that this system can significantly improve intersection performance. This paper introduces the different types of left-turn waiting areas which have been widely implemented in China. The method of using micro-simulation VISSIM to study the effectiveness of left-turn waiting area is proposed in this paper, along with some preliminary results of a case study.

Simulation of traffic flow in unsignalization intersection using computer software SIDRA in Baghdad city

Computer simulation is a vital means for the examination of expressways and urban lanes and streets. Transportation experts concentrate on the arrangement and dissemination of traffic jams on roadways. The objective of this study is to calculate and analyses the travel time, delay time, degree of saturation, and level of service and travel speed in Jordan intersection in Baghdad, Iraq using Sidra software. The number of vehicles passing Jordan intersection was recorded by the author of this work from 7am to 3pm for four days. A simulation model has been used to assess the performance of the current intersection. Results demonstrated that the level of service (LOS) for Jordan intersection is D with (35 sec/veh) average delay and degree of saturation (0.996 v/c). It was concluded that Jordan intersection needs further developments like using intelligent transportation system application (ITS) to regulate traffic signals, whereby reducing traffic jam, using closed circuit TV (CCTV) might assist traffic office in identifying jam point to reduce traffic jam.

Right Turn Coeficient Evaluation Analysis on Intersection capasity formula at Indonesia Highway Capasity Manual 1997 Using Vehicle Tracking Simulation

The aims of this study are to evaluate the the right-turn coefficients at intersection capasity formula by Indonesia Highway Capacity Manual (MKJI 1997). Therefore, it is necessary for analysis that examines right-turn coefficient values in intersection capacity function. The simulation with many various geometric intersections defined by many scenarios using vehicle tracking application program, which increase the space maneuver vehicle at the intersection includes: 1) widen approach lane; 2) add a right-turn lane; and 3) backward median in each approach. Intersection performance Analysis will produce degree of saturation that is affected by right-turn coefficient according to the simulated vehicle maneuver using new formula. The study can be concluded that the intersection changes the right-turn factor adjustment which was originally set with the value based on linear function being a log function. According to the new function, Prt Less 2,5% right turn vehicle make significant decrease of intersection capacity, that why, it makes many conflict based on opposite traffic from other approach. In the other side, if Prt more then 2,5%, it makes increase intersection capacity because intersection space used to right turn vehicles.

Indonesian Highway Capacity Guidance (IHCG) correction factor for signalized intersection

Indonesian Highway Capacity Guidance or IHCG is a manual developed in 2014 to accommodate traffic characteristics which are no longer appropriate to the preceding manual (Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual or IHCM, established in 1997). From a preliminary study, there are still some differences between theoretical analysis (using IHCG) with the actual conditions. This study aims to obtain IHCG correction factor based on a comparison between predicted performance parameter of a signalized intersection (using IHCG) and measured data, in order to optimize IHCG development. Intersection performance parameters analyzed are the number of queue vehicles (NQ1 and NQ2), and queue length (QL). The model of the correction factor was determined with regression analysis, using DS value as the independent variable, and NQ1, NQ2, or QL differences value as the dependent variables. Implementation of the proposed correction factor of queue length on nearby intersections resulted that the corrected guidance could produce more accurate queue length against measured one by 12% deviation.

Analysis of signalized intersection performance using IHCM 1997 method and PTV Vistro software

Brigjend Slamet Riyadi road is the main city road serving the traffic of Surakarta City. It is located in the Central Business District so that many vehicles pass through this road. The relatively high traffic volume in Brigjend Slamet Riyadi affects the signalized intersections performance along this road. This study analyses the performance of signalized intersections along the Brigjend Slamet Riyadi road by using the IHCM 1997 method and PTV Vistro software. The IHCM 1997 method is a traffic modelling method based on empirical Indonesian traffic conditions. PTV Vistro is traffic modelling software based on empirical United States America traffic conditions. Analysis of the signalized intersections performance results using both approaches is compared with the field data. Calibration and validation of models is carried out to see the similarity of traffic performance results between models with field data. In general, the IHCM 1997 method produces vehicle queue length closer to field data than the PTV Vistro software. The IHCM 1997 method tends to produce lower degree of saturation, vehicle delay and level of service than the PTV Vistro software.

A Suggested Model to Simulate the Distance Between Signalized Intersection and U-turn on Urban Road (Study Case: Middle East Ring Road, Surabaya)

U-turn movement possible generates queueing on U-turn system. Queueing which occurs near intersection could affects to intersection performance. The intersection performance that influenced is speed of vehicle to pass the intersection. The impact is interlock of intersection movement possibly occur. The objective of the research is to determine minimum distance of U-turn and intersection based on Poisson Process Simulation. Location of this research is U-turn on Surabaya, Indonesia with distance from the nearest intersection about 202 meters. Queueing will occur when arrival time of vehicle from intersection is above of total arrival time and service time of vehicle from U-turn. The result of simulation is total queuing cause of operational U-turn about 10 vehicles or 60 meters. The reduction distance of U-turn and Intersection is 142 meters, and it’s still fulfil the requirement of regulation about the distance between opening and intersection.

Motorcycle Red Box Evaluation at Signalized Intersections in Bogor: Traffic Flow, Occupancy Rate and Stop Line Violation

The number of motorcycle’s population until the end of 2016 was reach the peak around 98.2 million units and the sales was reach 5.93 million units. The accumulation of motorcycle disorderly movement at signalized intersection during waiting at the red light is a negative impact due to high motorcycle population. The red box is an alternative solution to increase signalized intersection performance. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the implementation of Red Box for motorcycle in relation to traffic flow, occupancy rate and traffic violations. The traffic flow analysis used the Indonesian road capacity manual while analysis of the occupancy rate and traffic violation method used the guidelines of Red Box monitoring. Analysis of the result showed that after implementation of the Red Box, traffic flow increased up to 15.64%. The occupancy rate to the capacity increased around 22.70% to 38.40%. Meanwhile, the Red Box occupancy by motorcycle was only around 33.33% to 68.33%. The number of stop line violations decreased up to 89.88%

Methodology for Control Delay Estimation Using New Algorithm for Critical Points Identification

AbstractControl delay, as a primary indicator of signalized intersection performance, is commonly estimated using analytical models due to difficulty of field measurements. This paper presents a ne...

Joint Impact of Bus Stop Location and Configuration on Intersection Performance

There are several possible bus stop locations and configurations. A bus stop can be located before or after the intersection as curb-side stop, bus bay or bus bulb. Determining the proper configuration and location of bus stop represents an important planning decision. While previous research efforts in literature have suggested some advantages and disadvantages regarding bus stop locations and configurations, little effort has been made towards understanding the joint impact of bus stop location and configuration on the transit and other vehicle traffic performance on the intersection. So, this paper analyses the joint impact of bus stop location and configuration on the operational characteristics of traffic flow in terms of average bus trip time and control delay. These operational performance measures for various intersection layouts, volume distributions, movement splits, average bus dwell times and bus departure frequencies have been obtained using calibrated microsimulation traffic software.

Influence of roundabout capacity enhancement on emission production

Secondary effects of intersections insufficient capacity in urban areas are negative impacts on environment out of acceleration and deceleration of vehicles moving in long queues. The positive influence of increased intersection performance to reduce delays and queues, as well as negative impacts on the atmosphere is presented in this paper. The case study includes two single-lane roundabouts located close to each other in Žilina. Both roundabouts do not comply with the current traffic loads. This results in long queues and delays lasting not just during the peak hours. The solution to this problem is a new type of roundabout – turbo-roundabout. Capacity characteristics of both the current and new state are determined by microsimulation using PTV Vissim software. Obtained main characteristics of traffic flows are used as inputs to establish emission productions of NOx, CO and HC at the roundabout entries. The paper shows that proposed basic turbo-roundabout provides significant higher capacity performance compared with current state. Waiting times and queue lengths decrease about ten times. Due to this reduction, emission productions decrease about 50-60%.

Queues with Server Vacations as a Model for Pretimed Signalized Urban Traffic

A queuing system resulting from a signalized intersection regulated by pretimed control in a network of urban traffic is considered. Modeling the queue length and the delay of vehicles is crucial to evaluate the performance of intersections equipped with traffic signals. Air quality and rational use of energy also depend on an efficient management of the intersections. These traffic systems have the specificity that the server (green signal) is deactivated (red signal) during a fixed period of time. In the present work, an M/D/1 queue with a server that occasionally takes vacations is analyzed. The mean delays of vehicles and the mean queue length are computed and compared with those obtained by using a detailed simulation model in a case study. We find that, in general, the mean delays of vehicles given by the proposed queuing model provide a good approximation, but the model can provide slightly smaller values than those obtained in the simulation model for large traffic flows. This result is of interest for traffic engineers, as the approaches one can find in the literature for large signalized urban traffic flows are subject to criticism.