Performance Of Information Transmission Research Articles

The Spiral Spectrum of a Laguerre–Gaussian Beam Carrying the Cross-Phase Propagating in Weak-to-Strong Atmospheric Turbulence

In communication links, the presence of atmospheric turbulence leads to crosstalk between the orbital angular momentum (OAM) states, thereby limiting the performance of information transmission. Thus, knowledge of the effect of turbulence on the spiral spectrum (also named the OAM spectrum) is of utmost importance in the field of optical communications. However, most of the existing studies are limited to weak turbulence calculation models. In this paper, based on the extended Huygens–Fresnel integral, the analytical expression is derived for the mutual coherence function of a Laguerre–Gaussian beam carrying the cross-phase and propagating through weak-to-strong anisotropic Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence; subsequently, the analytical expression is used to study the behavior of the spiral spectrum. The discrepancies in the spiral spectrum between weak and strong turbulence are comparatively studied. The influences of the cross-phase and the anisotropy of turbulence on the spiral spectrum are investigated through numerical examples. Our results reveal that the cross-phase determines the distribution of the spiral spectrum. The spiral spectrum can be tuned to multiple OAM modes through the adaptation of the cross-phase coefficient. Moreover, increasing the cross-phase coefficient can reduce both the discrepancies of the spiral spectrum under two computational methods and the effects of the anisotropic factors of turbulence on the spiral spectrum.

Energy Trading and Power Allocation Strategies for Relay-Assisted Smart Grid Communications: A Three-Stage Game Approach

In smart grid, serious packet loss often occurs in the process of information interaction between the Utilities and customers, which results in supply-demand deviation and further increases the cost of the Utilities. In order to improve the information transmission performance of communication networks, the Utilities purchase relay service from telecom operator to help data aggregator units (DAU) transfer information to gateway (GW), so as to improve communication quality and reduce the cost of the Utilities. Secondly, in order to solve the problem of telecom operators' energy reduction and reduce the cost of purchasing energy, we utilize energy supply point (ESP) to collect the surplus energy of retail customers for energy supply, and telecom operator pays a certain amount of remuneration to ESP in exchange for ESP to continuously supply energy to telecom operator. Then, we establish a three-stage game method and system model between the Utilities, telecom operator and ESP, and propose the relay power allocation and energy transaction pricing strategy. Due to the real-time change of energy demand, we consider two situations of energy oversupply and conservative supply, and use the backward induction method and iterative algorithm to obtain the equilibrium solution of the Stackelberg game, including the unit energy price of ESP, total power of telecom operator, the proportion of transmission power allocated to the relay service, and payment scheme of the Utilities. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can quickly and accurately converge to the optimal solution of the problem, and the method can improve the stability of demand-side regulation, reduce the cost of the Utilities and increase the profit of telecom operator.

Prospects of the nanoelectronic element base of infosystems of autonomous aircraft

The ways of creating a nanoelectronic element base (NEB) of Autonomous Air Vehicle (AАV) with small dimen-sions and weight are analyzed. The autonomy of these devices predetermines the principles of building their in-formation systems using artificial intelligence logic, significant memory resources, as well as functionally special-ized and high-speed information processing methods. And the cost restrictions involve the use of practically de-bugged nano- and microtechnologies for optical devices and integrated circuits. In addition, the small volume and weight of AAV necessitate the miniaturization of their NEB. At the same time, the operation of the AAV in various extreme conditions with increased radiation and bursts of the electromagnetic field (for example, in space) is not ruled out. Under these conditions, the semiconductor elements of their electronics are likely to fail. Therefore, in NEB of AAV, it is expedient to switch to nanovacuum-channel transistors (NVCT), which do not have semiconduc-tors (or their role is auxiliary). In NVKT, the nanochannel of electron transfer between the electrodes is replaced by a vacuum one, and the control is carried out by the voltage on the field electrode - the gate. At the same time, the nanoscale length of the gap between the emitter and the collector provides low voltages on the electrodes of the NVKT. In general, replacing a semiconductor with a vacuum can simplify and reduce the cost of transistor technol-ogy, make it more resistant to radiation and high-energy fields, and will allow to reach THz frequencies. And the creation of new types of NVKT (for example, using the control of the electron spin orientation) will increase the per-formance of AAV information transmission and processing tools.

Brain-wide dendrites in a near-optimal performance of dynamic range and information transmission

Dendrites receive and process signals from other neurons. The range of signal intensities that can be robustly distinguished by dendrites is quantified by the dynamic range. We investigate the dynamic range and information transmission efficiency of dendrites in relation to dendritic morphology. We model dendrites in a neuron as multiple excitable binary trees connected to the soma where each node in a tree can be excited by external stimulus or by receiving signals transmitted from adjacent excited nodes. It has been known that larger dendritic trees have a higher dynamic range. We show that for dendritic tress of the same number of nodes, the dynamic range increases with the number of somatic branches and decreases with the asymmetry of dendrites, and the information transmission is more efficient for dendrites with more somatic branches. Moreover, our simulated data suggest that there is an exponential association (decay resp.) of overall relative energy consumption (dynamic range resp.) in relation to the number of somatic branches. This indicates that further increasing the number of somatic branches (e.g. beyond 10 somatic branches) has limited ability to improve the transmission efficiency. With brain-wide neuron digital reconstructions of the pyramidal cells, 90% of neurons have no more than 10 dendrites. These suggest that actual brain-wide dendritic morphology is near optimal in terms of both dynamic range and information transmission.

A construction and inspection technology of power emergency communication system based on Beidou

In order to improve the real-time performance of information transmission of power emergency communication system, the construction and inspection technology of power emergency communication system based on Beidou is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the differences between heterogeneous networks are described based on Beidou short message. Then, the fusion probability of heterogeneous network is calculated, and the optimal communication channel is obtained. Next, communication channel link is established, and the maximum transmission range is described. In addition, the network capacity is calculated, the congestion avoidance model is established, the bandwidth is obtained by defining the interference index of the information transmission channel, the total load during the construction and inspection process is calculated, and the construction and inspection of the power emergency communication system are realized.. Experimental results show that the proposed technology has better performance in information utilization, network throughput and system response time.

Flexible Pressure Sensor Decorated with MXene and Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites for Motion Detection, Information Transmission, and Pressure Sensing Performance.

Although fiber-based flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors have received extensive attention because of their simple fabrication and easy integration, the common practice of using a single material as the sensing layer often leads to unsatisfactory sensitivity and a limited sensing range. Herein, we exploit the combination of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and two-dimensional transition-metal carbides and nitrides (MXene), use a polyester filament (PET) as the fiber matrix, and fabricate an MX/rGO PET-based flexible pressure sensor using the "dipping-drying" method. A systematic study is conducted concerning the effect of the dip-coating sequence and material combination on the sensor's resistance and sensitivity, which reveals that MX/rGO PET has the smallest resistance and the highest sensitivity (1.24 kPa-1). A series of tests are conducted to evaluate the pressure sensing characteristics of the MX/rGO PET-based pressure sensor, confirming its good linearity, fast response speed, low detection limit, and stable performance. In addition, the sensor has been successfully used to monitor various human joint activities and physiological signals such as breathing, demonstrating great application potential in the field of personal health care. To further enhance the practical utility, an APP has been designed to analyze and display the collected signals, and the constructed sensor network also provides an ingenious method for information encryption and transmission via pressure sensing. In all, the MX/rGO PET-based pressure sensor proposed in this work is expected to provide a competitive scheme for wearable flexible electronic devices in information transmission and human-computer interaction in the future.

Secure transmission of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer system for Internet of things

Abstract Due to the excellent broadcasting characteristics of radio signals, simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) can transmit both information and energy, and provide users with stable power supply. Wireless channel has the characteristics of openness, which will lead to the leakage of information in the SWIPT system. It is one of the research hotspots in the industry to ensure the secure transmission of information in SWIPT system where there are differences in the transmission of energy and information. This paper proposes an ‘information-energy’ dynamic switching opportunistic secure transmission scheme. First, a model considering three factors of multi-cell, multi-user and multiple eavesdropper is established which assumes that the user adopts a time-domain switching receiver that collects energy in a nonlinear model. Then, combined with the time-varying wireless channel, a dynamic information energy switching transmission scheme based on signal-to-interference noise ratio threshold is proposed. Finally, the energy and information transmission performance of the scheme are comprehensively analysed.

Design of telemedicine information query system based on wireless sensor network

INTRODUCTION: A wireless sensor network-based remote medical information query system is proposed and designed. OBJECTIVE: The proposed method aims at improving the throughput of the hospital information remote query system and reducing the response time METHODS: The system structure is divided into three levels. The presentation layer is responsible for displaying the query operation interface of the function layer. The function layer realizes the query function according to the user instructions. The wireless sensor network is responsible for the transmission of instructions. The data layer starts the query of telemedicine information based on the Top-k query algorithm. In wireless sensor networks, the improved ant colony algorithm is used to optimize it, which improves the information transmission performance of the system. RESULTS: The experimental results show that the designed system can complete the medical information query according to the needs of users, the system throughput and the residual energy of sink nodes are high, and the maximum response time of the system is always less than 0.5s. CONCLUSION: It shows that the designed system has strong practical application performance and high application value.

Adaptive Neural Fault-Tolerant Control for USV With the Output-Based Triggering Approach

This paper presents an adaptive neural fault-tolerant control algorithm for the path-following activity of the underactuated surface vehicle (USV) using the novel output-based triggering approach. In the algorithm, the event-triggered mechanism is designed utilizing the attitude states from the kinematics aspect of USV. Both the control inputs and the related calculation thread are implemented only at the trigger instants. Furthermore, neural networks (NNs) are employed to remodel the model uncertainties, and the adaptive observer is developed to estimate and compensate for the effect of the unknown actuator faults. With the direct Lyapunov theorem, the semi-global uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB) stability can be guaranteed for the closed-loop system in aspects of both the trigger instant and the continuous interval. The comparison experiment has been illustrated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, which can effectively improve the information transmission performance and the fault-tolerant capability.

Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Aided Wireless Energy and Information Transmission: An Overview

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is a promising technology for achieving spectrum and energy-efficient wireless networks cost-effectively. Most existing works on IRS have focused on exploiting IRS to enhance the performance of wireless communication or wireless information transmission (WIT), while its potential for boosting the efficiency of radio frequency (RF) wireless energy transmission (WET) still remains largely open. Although IRS-aided WET shares similar characteristics with IRS-aided WIT, they differ fundamentally in terms of design objective, receiver architecture, practical constraints, and so on. In this article, we provide a tutorial overview on how to efficiently design IRS-aided WET systems as well as IRS-aided systems with both WIT and WET, namely, IRS-aided simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) and IRS-aided wireless powered communication network (WPCN), from a communication and signal processing perspective. In particular, we present state-of-the-art solutions to tackle the unique challenges in operating these systems, such as IRS passive reflection optimization, channel estimation, and deployment. In addition, we propose new solution approaches and point out important directions for future research and investigation.

Non-normality Improves Information Transmission Performance of Network Systems

In this article, we propose a new measure of communication performance of linear network systems, the information gain, and we show that this measure is strongly affected by the degree of non-normality of the network's adjacency matrix. Specifically, we prove that the numerical abscissa of the network's adjacency matrix, a well-known indicator of matrix non-normality, regulates the behavior of the information gain. Furthermore, we establish a lower bound on the information gain of positive networks, i.e., weighted networks with positive weights. This bound reveals that the information gain may exhibit an exponential dependence on the graphical distance between the transmitter and the receiver nodes. Finally, we present a design methodology that provably enhances the information gain while keeping the network's weights bounded in magnitude. We illustrate and validate our theoretical findings by means of examples with structured and random networks.

Interference Alignment Inspired Opportunistic Communications in Multi-Cluster MIMO Networks with Wireless Power Transfer

In this work, we jointly investigate the issues of node scheduling and transceiver design in a sensor network with multiple clusters, which is endowed with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer. In each cluster of the observed network, S out of N nodes are picked, each of which is capable of performing information transmission (IT) via uplink communications. As for the remaining idle nodes, they can harvest energy from radio-frequency signals around their ambient wireless environments. Aiming to boost the intra-cluster performance, we advocate an interference alignment enabled opportunistic communication (IAOC) scheme. This scheme can yield better tradeoffs between IT and wireless power transfer (WPT). With the aid of IAOC scheme, the signal projected onto the direction of the receive combining vector is adopted as the accurate measurement of effective signal strength, and then the high-efficiency scheduling metric for each node can be accordingly obtained. Additionally, an algorithm, based on alternative optimization and dedicated for transceiver design, is also put forward, which is able to promote the achievable sum rate performance as well as the total harvested power. Our simulation results verify the effectiveness of the designed IAOC scheme in terms of improving the performance of IT and WPT in multi-cluster scenarios.

Selection of the Optimal Smart Meter to Act as a Data Concentrator with the Use of Graph Theory.

Changing the construction of mart Meter (SM) devices, more specifically equipping them with more than one communication module, facilitates the elimination of a Transformer Station Data Concentrator (TSC) module, moving its function to one of the SMs. The opportunity to equip a chosen device in an additional communication module makes it possible to use it as an acquisition node. The introduction of this solution creates a problem with the optimum selection of the above-mentioned node out of all the nodes of the analyzed network. This paper suggests the criterion of its location and, as per the criterion, the way of conduct using the elements of the graph theory. The discussion is illustrated with the examples of the possibility to use the method for the optimization of the architecture of the network. The described method makes it possible to choose the location of a backup acquisition node as well as locate intermediary nodes (signal repeaters) in case of a failure (removal) of some SM devices. In the era of the common introduction of dispersed telemetric systems requiring an adequate level of performance and reliability of information transmission, the offered method can be used for the optimization of the structures of Smart Grids.

Design of high-order QAM modem algorithm

More and more attention has been paid on the issue of bandwidth utilization. Nowadays, with limited frequency spectrum resources, the capacity of traditional communication system has not been able to meet the demands of users. Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) has become a critical technical solution for broadband wireless access and wireless video communication due to its advantages of high frequency spectrum utilization and high-power spectrum density. In order to further improve the control information transmission performance of high-order QAM, we propose a high-order QAM modulation and demodulation algorithm, which is designed from the aspects of interleave between channels, leading sequence, constellation modulation, frequency domain sampling and (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) OFDM generation, etc. The simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm can ensure the reliable reception of control information.

Minimum transmission delay algorithm for multi-hop nodes in Internet of Things based on symmetric algorithm

In view of the increase of network information transmission times, the transmission delay of multi hop nodes in the Internet of Things increases, resulting in the decline of network information transmission performance. In order to improve the quality and performance of information transmission, a minimum transmission delay algorithm of multi-hop nodes in the Internet of Things is designed based on symmetric algorithm. In the perception layer of the Internet of Things, based on the revocable symmetric encryption algorithm, the multi-hop nodes in the perception layer are encrypted; The link information transmission delay under the direct transmission, cooperative transmission and multi-hop transmission modes is compared, and the gradient projection algorithm is used to solve the problem of minimizing the delay of multi-hop nodes’ information transmission in the Internet of Things. After calculating the projection matrix and the gradient, the iteration terminates when the steady link traffic and the delay value are obtained. The source node refers to the network node that acts as the source to send the original data packet; the source node uses this algorithm to select the transmission mode with minimum delay, and sends information to the destination node step by step. The simulation test shows that the algorithm can guarantee the security of data transmission of multi-hop nodes in the Internet of Things, and the transmission delay is the minimum.

Research on Automatic Operation and Maintenance Technology of Optical Fiber Communication System Based on Computer Control Network

The essence of optical fiber communication transmission technology is to use light as the carrier of information, and to achieve the purpose of information transmission through the optical fiber network. The communication mode based on optical fiber communication technology has been widely recognized in the field of industrial production and telecommunication transmission due to its good information transmission performance. However, with the expansion of the construction scale of optical fiber communication network and the improvement of user coverage, the disadvantages of the management and maintenance of the traditional optical fiber communication network are becoming more and more obvious. Therefore, this paper describes the characteristics of the optical fiber communication technology, and analyses the existing problems in the optical communication system and their causes. On this basis, this paper analyses the automatic operation and maintenance technology of optical fiber communication system. The analysis results in this paper provide some technical support for the deep integration of computer control technology and optical fiber communication automatic maintenance system.

A secure and reliable transmission scheme for low loss high performance wireless communication system based on IoT

In order to solve the problem of energy limitation and security for wireless network transmission, an opportunistic secure transmission scheme based on dynamic handover optimization is proposed. Firstly, according to the network model of the information energy joint transmission system, the algorithm flow of the dynamic signal energy switching dips transmission scheme is determined. Then, the operation mechanism and constraints of the proposed transmission scheme are comprehensively judged from four aspects: energy transmission, information transmission based on dynamic switching, performance optimization and analysis. Finally, the advantages of the proposed scheme in energy conversion and information transmission performance are verified by experiments. Compared with several other advanced schemes, the proposed opportunistic secure transmission scheme based on dynamic handover optimization has greater throughput, and the system has better reliability and security, which has proved the validity of the proposed scheme.

Software defined solutions for sensors in 6G/IoE

In order to widely apply 6G/IoE (Internet of Everything) to various scenarios in real life and link the infrastructure closely related to people through the network, this paper analyzes the dual-channel architecture defined by the software of wireless sensor in 6G/IoE and proposes a reasonable solution to reduce the signal interference, so as to better transmit the related signals. Moreover, the node data in the sensor is processed by fog computing and edge computing, and the network communication quality is judged by transmission energy consumption and packet loss rate. On this basis, the delay, channel transmission, and total network throughput are analyzed to find the problem. The results show that the dual-channel architecture of software-defined wireless sensor can transmit control messages and sensor messages of nodes separately, which not only reduces the traffic load of single channel, but also avoids collision between control messages and sensor messages of nodes. It improves the information transmission performance of the network and facilitates the further application of 6G/IoE. Therefore, the analysis of the software definition of sensor and the solution proposed play an important role in the widespread use of 6G/IoE.

The effects of prestige on collective performance and information flow in a strictly hierarchical institution

Institutions such as the military aim to respond efficiently to complex logistical challenges using a strictly hierarchical structure, where leaders are assigned a rank by senior colleagues and team members are trained to obey leader commands. Anthropologists have observed that leadership status outside of these top-down hierarchical institutions is often affected by the attribution of prestige by non-leaders. Here we show that even in the strictly hierarchical institutional context of the Royal Navy, informal prestige networks play a functional role in leadership efficacy and group-level dynamics. Specifically, a team leader’s informal prestige is a far stronger predictor of team performance and rate of information transmission during training exercises at sea than their formal rank. We find that the more decentralised the prestige network the more efficient it is for disseminating information. The implications of our findings for traditional conceptions of leadership in hierarchical institutions and the effects of prestige on group-level behaviour are discussed.

On the Application of Directional Antennas in Multi-Tier Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Networks

This paper evaluates the performance of downlink information transmission in three-dimensional (3D) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks, where multi-tier UAVs of different types and flying altitudes employ directional antennas for communication with ground user equipments (UEs). We introduce a novel tractable antenna gain model, which is a nonlinear function of the elevation angle and the directivity factor, for directional antenna-based UAV communication. Since the transmission range of a UAV is limited by its antenna gain and the receiving threshold of the UEs, only UAVs located in a finite region in each tier can successfully communicate with the UEs. The communication connectivity, association probability as well as coverage probability of the considered multi-tier UAV networks are derived for both line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) propagation scenarios. Our analytical results unveil that, for UAV networks employing directional antennas, a necessary tradeoff between connectivity and coverage probability exists. Consequently, UAVs flying at low altitudes require a large elevation angle in order to successfully serve the ground UEs. Moreover, by employing directional antennas an optimal directivity factor exists for maximizing the coverage probability of the multi-tier UAV networks. Simulation results validate the analytical derivations and suggest the application of high-gain directional antennas to improve downlink transmission in the multi-tier UAV networks.