Performance Of Graphene Oxide Research Articles

A critical review on the effect of graphene oxide in fiber reinforced cementitious systems

The most widely used building materials nowadays are aggregates and cementitious material composites. Recently, the Graphene Oxide (GO) nanomaterial has grabbed a lot of attention in the material science of building materials. These graphene oxide-based cementitious composites have been studied in terms of their effect on microstructure, hydration mechanisms, mechanical and durable properties, as well as the performance of GO-cement composites, which transform ordinary cement materials into intelligent, sturdy, and long-lasting composites. An overview of the contemporary state-of-the-art effect of cementitious composites containing GO with fiber addition is presented in this paper. The main purpose of this paper is to critically review GO's performance with fibers in cementitious composites. In this review, we examined the properties like Workability, mechanical properties, and durability of cement-based materials along with the microstructural characterization. The tailored property of cementitious composite made with graphene oxide and fibers controls not only the secondary hydration mechanism but also improves the material’s mechanical performance, robustness and other multifunctional properties. The interaction of GO nanomaterial with fiber results in a remarkable and unique performance, such as the improvement of gel pores, the decrease of bigger capillary pores, the bridging of microcracks and the resistance to their spread, and the overall performance improvement of cementitious composites. Thus, this article aims to provide a substantial critical review of the impact of GO and fibers in cementitious composites.

Performance of graphene oxide as a water-repellent coating nanomaterial to extend the service life of concrete structures

Surface treatments help to protect the built heritage against damage (environmental, accidental, etc.), reducing repair and restitution costs and increasing the useful life of building materials. The use of nanomaterials is currently the most important field of research in surface treatment technology for the preservation of building materials and, more specifically, to improve their durability and prevent their deterioration, extending their useful life. This paper studies the influence of a graphene oxide (GO) suspension as a surface treatment on the properties of concrete. The results indicate that, at best, surface treatment with GO can decrease both the water absorption and capillary absorption of concrete by about 15 %. The increase in the amount of GO deposited as a surface treatment leads to a further reduction in concrete water absorption. It is shown that, at best, GO coating also reduces water penetration at low and high pressures by approximately 20 % and 60 %, respectively. In addition, scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that GO surface treatment facilitates the hydration process and densifies the concrete microstructure. A simple aqueous suspension of GO is revealed as a tool with a high potential to protect concrete surfaces in a fast and cost-effective way, thanks to the easy application by spraying and the small amount of material needed to obtain great results.

Enhanced H2O2 Upcycling into Hydroxyl Radicals with GO/Ni:FeOOH-Coated Silicon Nanowire Photocatalysts for Wastewater Treatment.

There remains continued interest in improving the advanced water oxidation process [e.g., ultraviolet (UV)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)] for more efficient and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment. Here, we report the design, fabrication, and performance of graphene oxide (GO, on top)/nickel-doped iron oxyhydroxide (Ni:FeOOH, shell)/silicon nanowires (SiNWs, core) as a new multifunctional photocatalyst for the degradation of common pollutants like polystyrene and methylene blue through enhancing the hydroxyl radical (•OH) production rate of the UV/H2O2 system. The photocatalyst combines the advantages of a large surface area and light absorption characteristics of SiNWs with heterogeneous photo-Fenton active Ni:FeOOH and photocatalytically active/charge separator GO. In addition, the built-in electric field of GO/Ni:FeOOH/SiNWs facilitates the charge separation of electrons to GO and holes to Ni:FeOOH, thus boosting the photocatalytic performance. Our photocatalyst increases the •OH yield by 5.7 times compared with that of a blank H2O2 solution sample and also extends the light absorption spectrum to include visible light irradiation.

Comparison of effectiveness of blending and impregnation applications of dispersed nanoparticles on performance of cementitious composites

Blended or impregnated forms of nanomaterials in cementitious composites play a key role in determining mortar performance. In this study, the performance of graphene oxide (GO), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), pristine multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and functionalized MWCNTs impregnated and blended cementitious composites were compared using principal component analysis (PCA). The highest recorded compressive strength at 28 days was 39.1 MPa corresponding to the impregnation of carboxylated MWCNTs, representing a 29% improvement compared to reference cementitious composites while blending of pristine MWCNTs achieved a maximum compressive strength of 50.37 MPa, representing a 45% improvement over the reference. The group of GO, low-density AgNPs, and hydroxylated MWCNT-impregnated cementitious composites achieved the best sulfuric acid resistance, with an average compressive strength of 30.15 MPa, water absorption of 21.82%, porosity of 36.29%, and ultrasonic pulse velocity of 2.91 km/s due to preventing harmful sulfate ions entering their structure. After sulfuric acid exposure, a 5% compressive strength decrease occurred due to the presence of the functional groups of GO, hydroxylated MWCNTs, and small, low-density AgNPs on the surface of the cementitious composites. These results show that the impregnation method effectively improves cementitious composites' durability. Using PCA analysis, the pristine MWCNTs-blended cementitious composites were determined as the optimum specimen to obtain a durable mortar both pre- and post-acid exposure.

Experimental and computational study on utilising graphene oxide for adsorption cooling and water desalination

The adsorbent material’s thermal and sorption characteristics are the critical criteria that affect the adsorption systems’ overall performance. Therefore, this paper experimentally and computationally studies the utilisation of graphene oxide of a few atomic layers as a parent adsorbent material owing to its reported high thermal performance potential. Graphene oxide performance was benchmarked against the widely investigated silica gel adsorbent, emphasising adsorption cooling cum desalination application as the most needed to address the lack of sustainable cooling and clean water scarcity. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were undertaken to determine the influence of the evaporator temperature, cycle time and heat source temperature on the material and system levels. The results showed that graphene oxide enhances thermal performance by 44% compared to silica gel and adsorption by up to 57%. Furthermore, graphene oxide, compared to silica gel as a parent adsorbent, enhanced the system’s specific daily water production by up to 44.4%, the specific cooling power by up to 29.5%, the coefficient of performance by up to 17.2% and the exergy efficiency by up to 15.8%.

Effect of Diameter of Carbon Nanotubes in Nanocomposite Membrane for Methyl Orange Dye Removal

It is worth noticing that structure of nanomaterials affects the membrane performance, however, the effect of diameter of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has not been discussed in the past. This research aims to investigate the effect of diameter of MWCNTs on the performance of graphene oxide (GO)/ MWCNTs nanocomposite membrane for methyl orange dye removal. MWCNTs with different diameters (12-15 nm, 30-50 nm) with the same length (< 10 µm) are used to synthesize the nanocomposite membrane. The characteristics of the synthesized nanocomposite membrane were determined by surface hydrophilicity, pore size and porosity, zeta potential, and Fourier-transfer infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Besides, the membrane performance was evaluated by the water permeability test, dye rejection test, and antifouling test. The result showed that pure MWCNTs (30-50 nm) nanocomposite membrane (M2b) has the best performance among the synthesized membrane. The dye rejection of M2b membrane reached 86.77% and the normalized flux was approximately 0.82. Lower dye rejection (83.37%) and normalized flux (0.76) were attained by M2a membrane with smaller diameter MWCNTs (12-15 nm). This was due to M2b membrane having a smaller pore size (0.032 nm), which helped reduce the tendency of dye to pass through the membrane. Besides, M2b membrane has a more negative surface charge (-10.93 mV) that produces larger repulsion force, resulting in more dye being rejected. In conclusion, the performance of the synthesized nanocomposite membrane particularly antifouling properties can be enhanced with the addition of MWCNTs with larger diameter.

CO2 Capture Performance of Graphene Oxide Synthesized Under Ultrasound Irradiation

Nowadays, CO2 capture is a vital technology to notably reduce the uncontrolled released CO2 emissions. CO2 capture using graphene oxide, a derivative of graphene, has become of tremendous interest due to its unique morphology. In this present work, graphene oxide (GrO) was synthesized under ultrasound irradiation according to the modified Hummers’ method and its CO2 capture performance was examined. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses were applied to explore the structure of the sample. CO2 capture performance of GrO was examined by performing TG analysis under different temperatures. The CO2 adsorption capacity of GrO was reached up to 1.04 mmol g-1 at 25°C. The experimental data getting from the kinetic study revealed that the Avrami model better described the CO2 adsorption.

Research on Preparation and Absorbing Performance of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide

In this paper, graphene oxide (GO) is successfully prepared by the Hummers' method, based on which reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is prepared by the hydrothermal reduction method. Based on the characterization of GO and rGO materials, the electromagnetic parameters of the two materials are tested by the coaxial ring method, and their electromagnetic wave absorbing performance is analyzed in detail. It is found that GO has no obvious absorbing performance, while rGO exhibits partial absorbing performance. The latter has weak absorbing performance due to its characteristics limitation but has high electromagnetic wave absorbing potential due to its excellent dielectric performance. At the same time, because of the unique two-dimensional lamellar structure and abundant active sites on the surface, rGO can be used as an excellent substrate material to prepare composite absorbing materials with excellent electromagnetic wave absorbing performance.

Oriented square shaped pin-fin heat sink: Performance evaluation employing mixture based on ethylene glycol/water graphene oxide nanofluid

Based on effective heat dissipation in electronic devices, the current study deals with heat transfer characteristics of oriented square shaped pin fin heat sink having a fin angle of 22.5°. It has been investigated experimentally employing graphene oxide (GO) nanofluid under laminar flow regime. The performance of graphene oxide (GO) nanofluid having concentrations of 0.004%, 0.0065%, and 0.009 vol% is compared with a mixture of EG-water (50:50) as base fluid under three different heating powers of 20 W, 35 W, and 50 W. The experimental results revealed better thermal performance for all used concentrations of (GO) nanofluid compared to the base fluid due to the heat transfer augmentation and reduction in thermal resistance as a result of enhanced thermal conductivity of nanofluid. It was observed that the thermal performance of heat sink improved with increasing Reynolds number and heating power. Minimum wall temperature and maximum enhancement in Nusselt number of 30.75 °C and 19.68% respectively is associated with graphene oxide nanofluid having a concentration of 0.009 vol%. According to the results, nanofluid exhibited better trends of thermal enhancement in comparison of EG/water base fluid with an increase in nanoparticle concentration usually at low Reynolds number. Thus, graphene oxide nanofluid has proven to be the potential candidate for improving the thermal performance of heat sink.

Enhanced Photothermal and Photoacoustic Performance of Graphene Oxide in NIR-II Biowindow by Chemical Reduction

We report on a novel strategy for constructing graphene oxide nanomaterials with strongly enhanced photothermal (PT) and photoacoustic (PA) performance in the near-infrared (NIR)-II biowindow by chemical reduction. Optical spectra clearly reveal that obvious enhancement of optical absorption is observed in the whole NIR wideband from the NIR-I to NIR-II region for chemically reduced graphene oxide (CR-G) nanomaterials, which is mainly arising from the restoration of the electronic conjugation within the graphene oxide sheets and therefore inducing a black-body re-introduction effect of typical graphite-like materials. We experimentally synthesized CR-G samples with different degrees of reduction to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed strategy. Experimental results show that the PT performance of the CR-G samples is greatly improved owing to the absorption enhancement by chemical reduction in the NIR-II biowindow. Furthermore, both in vitro and in vivo PA imaging of the CR-G samples with different degrees of reduction are performed to demonstrate their enhanced NIR-II PA performances. This work provides a feasible guidance for the rational design of graphene oxide nanomaterials with great potential for PT and PA applications in the NIR-II biowindow by chemical reduction.

Corrosion performance of graphene oxide coated 304 SS in PEMFC environment

In this work, an electrophoretic deposition technique was used to deposit graphene oxide (GO) on 304 stainless steel. Its corrosion performance was evaluated in a simulated polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell environment. The corrosion current density (icorr) and interfacial contact resistance (ICR) were measured at 8.9 µA/cm2 and 19.3 mΩ cm2, respectively. The icorr of GO coated 304SS is several orders lower than bare SS 304. Similarly, the ICR of GO coated 304SS is nearly half of bare 304SS at a compaction pressure of 150 N/cm2. The potentiodynamic polarization plot indicates the prevalence of multiple corrosion mechanisms. A prolonged corrosion study for 30 days immersed in the simulated PEM cell environment shows the formation of rounded pits that corroborate the activity of pitting corrosion.

Evaluation of the catalytic activity of graphene oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles on the electrochemical sensing of T1R2-Rebaudioside A complex supported by in silico methods

Abstract Herein, we report on the performance of graphene oxide (GOx) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on a platinum (Pt) electrode, immobilized with the human T1R2 sweet taste receptor subunit for the detection of rebaudioside A (Reb-A). The characterization studies performed in this work confirmed the thin-layered structure of GOx and the polydispersed nature of ZnONPs. The elucidation of the mass loss observed by TGA demonstrates the stability of GOx. The cyclic voltammetry results for Pt/GOx revealed good catalytic activity over Pt/ZnONPs for adsorption of the T1R2-Reb-A complex. In addition, a series of computational modelling studies were carried out to better understand the surface adsorption phenomena of GOx and ZnONPs to mimic the layer-by-layer electrode modification strategies independently. The strongest interaction energy observed (−573 kcal mol−1) for the direct interaction of ZnONPs onto the Pt electrode surface, demonstrates a stronger adsorption in contrast to the GOx modified Pt electrode (−23 kcal mol−1). However, the overall results for the layered-nanocomposite revealed that the GOx (−256 kcal mol−1) were more strongly adsorbed in contrast to ZnONPs (−231 kcal mol−1) for the detection of the T1R2-ReB-A complex, demonstrating the reliability of our GOx electrode functionalization strategy. The results of this study can potentially be used to improve the design of rapid Reb-A sensors for the food and beverage industry.

Corrosion Protection Coatings from Size-Specified Graphene Oxide

Corrosion performance of graphene oxide (GO) coatings from different sheets sizes in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was investigated. The GO dispersion was subjected to 5 and 10 hours of ultrasonication before electrophoretically deposited (EPD) onto the copper substrate. It was found that the EPD-GO coating from smaller sheets (10h ultrasonication) possess hydrophobic, thinner film and smooth surfaces. It is suggested that the corrosion performance of the coating from smaller GO sheets is improved due to the surface texture and compactness of the coating as compared to the larger GO sheets.

Synthesis, characterization, and performance of graphene oxide and phosphorylated graphene oxide as additive in water-based drilling fluids

Graphene oxide (GO) and phosphorylated graphene oxide (PGO) have been synthesized from graphite electrode waste (GrW) or spent pot lining (SPL) from industrial aluminum wastes. The graphite waste was successfully recovered from the industrial aluminum wastes by alkaline and acid leaching method. The GO was then synthesized according to modified Hummers method in room temperature. The addition of oxygen into graphite structure was indicated by the formation of new vibrational bands at 3344, 1727, and 1069 cm−1 in the infrared (IR) spectrum, and the increase of oxygen content was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The formation of single or few layers of graphene is confirmed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis which show a down shift of 2θ peak and longer interlayer distance. Additional phosphate group to graphene oxide in functionalization process, in order to enhance the dispersion of graphene in water, was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). The effect of heat treatment on phosphorylated graphene oxide (PGO) was investigated by calcination at different temperatures (200–500 °C). The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and EDX results indicated that heat treatment decreased the oxygen containing group in PGO. An addition of GO as additive in water-based drilling fluids resulted in better rheology properties (plastic viscosity (PV) reduced from 10 to 7 cp and yield point (YP) increased from 11 to 15 lbs/100 ft2), an increase in fluid loss control performance (filtrate volume decreased from 6 mL to 3.6 mL and filter cake thickness reduced from 1.06 to 0.33 mm), and an increase in lubricity ability (lubricity coefficient reduced from 0.158 to 0.119). In the alkaline environment, the bentonite particles are negatively charged, and GO may also turn to be negatively charged. The repulsive static interaction might reduce the plasticity. The zeta potential of the GO and PGO was measured to be −38.90 and −41.23 mV, indicating that both are not easily agglomerated. The additional PGO as additive in water-based drilling fluids showed a negative impact due to significant pH decreased of drilling fluid.

Rheological properties and anticorrosion performance of graphene oxide- and reduced graphene oxide-based nanocomposites

In this study, the effect of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoparticles on the corrosion protection performance of nanocomposite coatings containing particle mass concentration ranging from 0.25% to 1% in epoxy matrix was investigated in detail. In addition, the effect of the distribution of GO and rGO nanoparticles in epoxy matrix on the corrosion performance and rheology of the coatings was studied by mixing the nanocomposites with the ball milling for 24 and 48 h. The surface morphology of coatings was analyzed by field-emission scanning microscope. It was observed that oxygen groups in the graphene structure, the effective distribution of nanoparticles in the matrix and the amount of nanoparticle doped affected the corrosion protection performance. The best corrosion protection performance among all nanocomposite coatings was 0.75 wt% rGO/epoxy nanocomposite, which was milled for 48 h. GO/epoxy nanocomposite coatings exhibit hydrophilic properties in all mass fractions and mixing times. However, adding 0.5 and 0.75 wt% of rGO and milling 48 h resulted in hydrophobic nanocomposites. rGO nanoparticles had the best dispersion performance at 0.75 wt% concentration in the epoxy. The nonlinear rheological measurements revealed that rGO/epoxy nanocomposites exhibit non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior at the studied mass concentrations and milling times as opposed to the nanocomposites containing GO particles.

Directional freezing of binary colloidal suspensions: a model for size fractionation of graphene oxide.

The performance of graphene oxide (GO)-based materials strongly depends on the lateral size and size distribution of GO nanosheets. Various methods are employed to prepare GO nanosheets with a narrow size distribution. One promising method was proposed recently, directional freezing of a GO aqueous dispersion at a controlled growth rate of the freezing front. We develop a theoretical model of a binary colloidal suspension, incorporating both the moving freezing boundary and the preferential adsorption of colloidal particles to the ice phase. We numerically solve the coupled diffusion equations and present state diagrams of size fractionation. Selective trapping of colloids according to their size can be achieved by a suitable choice of the experimental parameters, such as the adsorption rates and the freezing speed.

Kinetic evaluation of graphene oxide based heterogenous catalytic ozonation for the removal of ibuprofen

In this study, the performance of graphene oxide (GO) in ozonation process was kinetically evaluated using the modified Rct concept since GO may act as initiator, promoter and inhibitor in ozone radical chain reaction. The applicability of the modified Rct concept was demonstrated using different GO suspensions (GO alone, GO/TiO2, GO/Fe3O4, GO/TiO2/Fe3O4) in ozonation process. Results showed that ozone exposure and •OH exposure were found to be higher for GO/Fe3O4 and GO/TiO2/Fe3O4 compared to other GO suspensions, which was almost equivalent to O3/H2O2 process. The determined initiation and inhibition rate constants of GO alone, were 1 fold higher than GO/Fe3O4 and GO/TiO2/Fe3O4, since the GO alone suspension possesses higher O3 decomposition but lower organic degradation because that GO does not yield •OH. Moreover, GO/Fe3O4 suspension, along with natural organic matter (NOM), was proven to be helpful in degrading ibuprofen in ozonation process, but the effect was minimal when compared to O3/H2O2 process. These results exhibited that the surface modified GO suspensions could be utilized as future alternative AOPs.

High performance of Graphene oxide from Banana peel against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli

Carbon materials derived from non-renewable and fossil fuels have been extensively utilized in various energy storage applications but the elimination and manufacture procedure are frequently harmful and polluted. Hence, to obtained carbon nanomaterials from renewable bio-mass materials is ecofriendly and communally important. Banana peel is one of the majority and easy to get bio-wastes, obviously developed graphene nanomaterials. In this work, we report a new synthetic method to produce graphene oxide (GO) were effectively investigated utilizing waste banana peel at low temperature. To know the structure and nature of the synthesized GOBP were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and FT-IR. The XRD originally proved the successful preparation of GOBP by this ecofriendly method which shows the peak at 2? = 11.30 confirms the complete oxidized of waste banana peel into GO. Further, it was also proved by the FT-IR to determine various functional groups containing oxygen and the morphology were analyzed by SEM and TEM. The presence of various functional groups containing oxygen provides greater opportunities in many areas such as electronic and medicinal fields. The antibacterial activity of GO were performed against P. aeruginosa and E. Coli. From this report, we have concluded that the graphene based nanomaterials hold great promise for combating microbial infections and other applications in targeted drug delivery system, development, of biomedical device diagnostics and therapeutics.

ANALYSIS OF WEAR BEHAVIOR OF GRAPHENE OXIDE — POLYAMIDE GEARS FOR ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS

Recent advances in polymer nanocomposites open a wide range of applications in various industrial sectors. Due to their high potential properties, these materials are replacing the usage of metals for many heavier components in automobile industries. In this experimental work, the tribological performance of Graphene oxide (GO) — Polyamide is investigated against pristine polyamide by fabricating gears for the usage in engineering applications. A gear test rig was developed in-house for analysis to study the specific wear rate and temperature gradient at different conditions of load and speeds. The wear resistance of the polyamide gears with the addition of 0.03[Formula: see text]wt.% of graphene oxide is better than the pristine polyamide gears and the specific wear rate is reduced significantly. The reduced specific wear rate of these polymer nanocomposite gears is attributed to the superior properties of graphene oxide such as High specific surface area, good adhesion properties and enhanced glass transition temperatures. The GO nanocomposite gear seems to be a potential alternative against conventional gears for engineering applications. Finally, the wear mechanisms and the potential of GO-based polyamide nanocomposite gears were proposed tentatively in the development of transmission gears for engineering applications.

Preparation and Electromagnetic Absorption Performance of Ni-RGO

Electroless plating was utilized to deposit nickel nanoparticles on the reduced graphene oxide (RGO). By adjusting the nickel salt precursor concentration, three kinds of Ni-RGO with different nickel contents were synthesized, namely Ni-RGO-1, Ni-RGO-2 and Ni-RGO-5. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffrac- tion were employed to study the surface morphology and crystal structure of as-prepared Ni-RGO. The electro- magnetic performance of graphene oxide and Ni-RGO was characterized. The results indicated that the permit- tivity of Ni-RGO was above 8, almost three times higher than that of pristine graphene oxide. Ni-RGO-1 exhib- ited the best electromagnetic wave absorption performance, although the concentration of nickel precursor is the lowest one among three samples. The minimal reflection loss was up to -24.5 dB for Ni-RGO-1 with a thickness of 2 mm.