Performance For Grain Yield Research Articles

Analysis of combining ability in white seeded genotypes of maize (Zea mays L.)

The present investigation consisted of 45 hybrids alongwith 18 parents and four checks viz., Arawali Makka-1, Mahi Kanchan, Navjot and PEHM-2 a total 67 entries was conduted during Kharif 2002 in Randomised Block Design having three replications. The data were recorded on fourteen traits to study general and specific combining ability effects. In general inbred lines L 1 , L 3 , L 11 and L 15 were considered good general combiner for yield and yield contributing traits as well as for quality traits. Among the testers, the tester T 2 was considered good general combiner for maturity traits, plant type traits, harvest index and starch content. Majority of the hybrids exhibited significant positive values for yield and yield contributing traits as well as quality traits. Thereby, indicating that for these traits the genes with positive effects were dominent. The variance due to lines was of greater magnitude than that of testers for most of the traits. The ratio of 6 2 sca/6 2 gca indicated prependerance of non-additive variance for most of the traits. Parental lines L 1 , L 3 , L 11 and L 15 were found to be good general combiners for grain yield per plant as well as for other traits. Hybrid L 12 x T 1 exhibited maximum significant positive sca effects for grain yield per plant. While the hybrid L 2 x T 1 exhibited highest estimates of significant positive sca effects for starch content. In general, there is a close association between sca effects, relative heterosis and per se performance for grain yield per plant was observed among the best hybrid identified on the basis of sca effects.

Diversity and stability analysis for yield and component traits inCajanus cajanunder rainfed conditions

Twenty one genotypes of short duration pigeonpea were evaluated under rainfed condition of Manipur during kharif season of 2007/8, 2008/9 and 2009/10 to obtain the knowledge of genetic diversity and stability for yield and its component traits and used for identification of stable genotypes of pigeonpea. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Genetic divergence between genotypes was estimated using Mahalanobis D2 method. The genotypes under study were distributed in six different clusters based on D2 statistics. Highest number of genotypes were found in cluster IV (6) followed by cluster VI (5). The genotypes viz., GT 101 showed higher mean performance for grain yield with non-significant deviation from regression, followed by ICPL 87 and PA 134. The present study indicated that crossing between genotypes from cluster I and II could be brought a wide spectrum of genetic variability into progenies with superior combination of different traits viz., early maturity, short plant stature and higher grain yield.

Adaptability and stability of soybean genotypes in off-season cultivation.

The oil and protein contents of soybean grains are important quantitative traits for use in breeding. However, few breeding programs perform selection based on these traits in different environments. This study assessed the adaptability and stability of 14 elite early soybean breeding lines in off-season cultivation with respect to yield, and oil and protein contents. A range of statistical methods was applied and these analyses indicated that for off-season cultivation, the lines UFUS 5 and UFUS 10 could be recommended due to their superior performance in grain yield, oil content, and specific adaptability to unfavorable environments along with high stability in these characteristics. Also recommended were UFUS 06, which demonstrated superior performance in all three tested characteristics and showed adaptation to favorable environments, and UFUS 13, which showed high adaptability and stability and a superior performance for protein content.

Elite Performance for Grain Yield from Unadapted Exotic Soybean Germplasm in Three Cycles of a Recurrent Selection Experiment

ABSTRACTSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm collections remain largely unexploited for complex quantitative traits such as grain yield. A long‐term recurrent selection (RS) program was developed to improve soybean grain yield in a population designated UP2Y, developed from seven unimproved plant introductions selected on their high seed protein concentration and diverse geographical origin. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of S3–derived line RS for increased grain yield on major agronomic traits of the UP2Y population. Response to selection was measured by evaluating the 10 highest‐yielding lines selected at the end of each of three RS cycles along with the seven founders and three check cultivars in three replications of a randomized complete block design in eight environments. After three cycles of RS, grain yield increased significantly (P < 0.001) from a mean of 3070 kg ha−1 for Cycle 0 (C0) to a mean of 5037 kg ha−1 for Cycle 3 (C3) with an average significant (P < 0.001) gain of 567 kg ha−1 cycle−1. Mean maturity and plant lodging decreased significantly, while average plant height increased after three cycles of RS. We present evidence suggesting that effective selection methods can bring together the appropriate genetic makeup for superior performance from nonelite landraces of exotic geographical origins in a relatively short time. Our evidence further supports previous findings of favorable alleles being present in untapped germplasm.

Parental genome contribution in maize DH lines derived from six backcross populations using genotyping by sequencing

Molecular characterization of doubled haploid (DH) maize lines and estimation of parental genome contribution (PGC) may be useful for choosing pairs of DH lines for hybrid make up and new pedigree starts. Six BC1-derived DH populations created by crossing two donor with three recurrent parents were genotyped with 97,190 polymorphic markers with the objectives of: (i) understanding genetic purity, genetic distance and relationship among 417 maize DH lines; (ii) estimating PGC of the DH lines derived from different genetic backgrounds; and (iii) understanding the correlation between donor parent introgression and testcross performance for grain yield and anthesis-silking interval (ASI) under managed drought and optimum environments. The DH lines were 97 % genetically pure, with 5 %, which is likely to be due to errors during seed multiplication or maintenance. Genetic distance between pairwise comparisons of the 417 DH lines ranged from 0.055 to 0.457; only 0.01 % showed a genetic distance <0.100, indicating large genetic differences among the DH lines. Both populations 1 and 6 showed significantly lower (p < 0.001) donor introgression than the other four populations. Donor parent contribution was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in the CML444 genetic background than CML395 and CML488. The average donor and recurrent PGC across all 417 DH lines was 31.7 and 64.3 %, respectively. Donor genome introgression was higher than expected in 82 % of the DH lines in the BC1 generation, possibly due to artificial selection during the DH process, during the development of F1 or BC1 seed, or during initial agronomic evaluation of the DH lines. Donor parent introgression up to 32 % showed significant positive correlation with grain yield under drought (r = 0.312, p < 0.001) and optimum (r = 0.142, p < 0.050) environments but negative correlation with ASI under drought (r = −0.276, p < 0.001). Additional multi-environment phenotype data under managed drought are needed to confirm the correlations reported in this study and to map the specific genomic regions associated with such correlations.

Effects of Enzymatic Biofertiliser on Growth and Yield of Lentil Genotypes under Deficit Irrigation/ Enzimatisko Biomçslojumu Ietekme Uz Daþâdu Lçcu Genotipu Augðanu Un Raþu Irigâcijas Trûkuma Apstâkïos

Abstract Lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) is one of the important pulse crops in semiarid agro-ecological zones with a Mediterranean-type climate. Terminal drought stress and poor plant nutrition are important factors limiting crop under these regions. The effects of enzymatic biofertiliser (MOG) application at sowing time or during reproductive stage on some morphological traits and yield components of eight lentil lines were evaluated under deficit-irrigation conditions at Maragheh (37°23' N; 46°16' E) in northwestern Iran. Results revealed that application of biofertiliser did not significantly affect most of the morphological traits. However, foliar application of MOG during early flowering stage somewhat increased 100-grain weight and grain yield and decreased the number of empty pod per plant. Moreover, the results indicated that there was significant diversity between lentil lines for the investigated traits. The best performance for grain yield was recorded for FLIP 86-35L. The overall lack of considerable response of lentil to the MOG treatments may suggest that the optimal efficiency of biofertiliser cannot be achieved under water scarcity conditions. Improvement in the adaptation of enzymatic fertilisers to semi arid regions with terminal drought stress requires to be increased.

English

Hybrid pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] breeding technology based on cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) was recently developed in India. A program was initiated to track the purity of female parental lines by incorporating an obcordate leaf shape marker in established male sterile A-lines. Seven obcordate A-lines developed by backcrossing and selection were crossed with four known fertility restorers in line x tester mating design to study their general and specific combining ability. Higher magnitude of specific combining ability (SCA) effect showed that, hybrid yield was under the control of non-additive genes. Among A-lines, ICPA 2204 was the best general combiner. Among testers, ICPL 20116 was the best general combiner. Among hybrids, ICPA 2208 x ICPL 20108 a cross between high general combining ability (GCA) parents was the best with positive significant SCA effect and higher mean performance for grain yield, 100-seed mass, number of seeds/pod and resistance to fusarium wilt disease. The success of this technology will help to address the issue of seed purity to some extent. Key words: Combining ability, line × tester, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA), obcordate leaf shape, pigeonpea.

Genetic variation of several bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes based on some morphological traits

The genetic diversity among 56 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes was evaluated by 18 agronomical traits in the experimental field at Maragheh, Iran. Significant differences among bread wheat genotypes in all of the measured traits i.e. stem diameter, plant height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, tiller number, internode length, peduncle length, spike length, floret number, spikelet number, grain number, length of awn, grain diameter, grain length, the number of days to flowering, thousand seed weight and grain yield. The coefficient of variation (CV) was high for grain yield (25.61%), number of tillers per plant (22.06%) and number of grains per spike (21.45). The other remaining traits recorded moderate to low CV estimates from 14.30% in grain number per spike to 4.81% in days to flowering. The largest thousand seed weight was 45.93 g, the lowest thousand seed weight was 26.16 g and the mean thousand seed weight was 37.85 g. The mean performance of grain yield was 5031.2 kg ha-1, the minimum grain yield was 2835.0 kg ha-1 and the maximum grain yield was 7125.3 kg ha-1. Ward’s minimum variance cluster analysis based on squared Euclidian distance on the raw data of 18 agronomic traits clearly separated five clusters. In general, cluster analysis of the 56 genotypes based on the selected agronomic traits was consistent with known information. Our plant materials could be important germplasm resources for enriching the genetic background of commercial cultivars. Such genetic differences of bread wheat traits studied in this investigation can be applied as a new source of variation in other breeding programs and crossing nurseries in breeding program

Heterosis for Yield Component Traits and Protein Content in Bread Wheat under Normal and Heat-stress Environment

A study was conducted during 2008–2010, to estimate heterosis for yield component traits and protein content in bread wheat under normal and heat-stress environment by utilizing a set of 45 half diallel cross combinations, involving 10 diverse parents. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for the two environements, whereas differences over the years were non-significant for all the traits. The pooled data over the years, exhibited highly significant differences for all the traits under both normal and heat-stress environments. The number of tillers/plant exhibited maximum degree of standard heterosis under normal and heat-stress environment (with value of 12.62% and 53.75%), respectively. In general, spike length (16.02%) and number of grains/spike (52.10%), showed higher magnitude of standard heterosis under normal environment than heat-stress environment, whereas number of tillers/plant (53.75%) and gain filling duration (43.68%) showed higher standard heterosis in heat-stress environment than the normal one. For grain yield/plant, 1000-grain weight and protein content, the number of cross combination showing standard heterosis were almost same in both the environments. The ten crosses, out of forty-five crosses, namely HD 2733/WH 542; PBW 343/UP 2425; HD 2687/PBW 343; PBW 343/UP 2382; PBW 343/HD 2285; WH 542/UP 2425; PBW 343/PBW 226; UP 2382/HUW 468; PBW 343/WH 542 and PBW 226/HD 2285 can be used to select transgressive segregants for normal as well warmer wheat growing areas. These ten combinations can be used by involving, the trait grain filling duration, tillers per plant, spike length, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight to improve grain yield for warmer areas. In all 45 cross combinations, six cross combinations were identified for better per se performance for grain yield as well as protein content under heat-stress environment. These combinations may thus be used for developing superior genotypes through fixation of heterosis are also supported by high SCA. Besides, results of present study also revealed ample scope for developing transgressive segregants involving some of these parents to develop high yielding genotypes in wheat suitable for heat stress environments.

Agro-nutritional variations of quality protein maize (Zea mays L.) in Nigeria

Quality protein maize (QPM) combining the enhanced levels of lysine and tryptophan with high grain yield and desirable agronomic traits could reduce food insecurity and malnutrition in West and Central Africa. Twenty-two varieties of QPM and two local checks were evaluated for agronomic characteristics and nutritional qualities in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria for two years (2009 and 2010). Though crude protein levels are good indicators of quality, amino acid composition analyses, especially lysine and tryptophan that would provide a final proof are in progress. The genotypes comprised five open pollinated varieties (OPVs), nine inbred lines, eight hybrids and two local varieties. Differences among the varieties were significant (P&lt;0.01) for grain yield, days to tasselling as well as plant and ear heights, while year x variety interaction was only significant (P&lt;0.05) for days to tasselling. Most of the QPM inbred lines (CML 437, CML 490 CML 178) and hybrids (Dada-ba, ART98-SW5-OB, ART98-SW4- OB and TZPB-OB) have superior performance for grain yield, other yield attributes and nutritional qualities compared with the OPVs and local checks. These inbreds could be potential sources of favorable alleles useful for future maize breeding, while the hybrids could be evaluated in different environments of Nigeria for comparative advantages in different environments and quality of the grains to be released to farmers.

Heterosis Study for Grain Yield, Protein and Oil Improvement in Selected Genotypes of Maize (Zea Mays L)

The extent and nature of heterosis was studied at College of Agricultural farm; Rajendranagar for thirteen important characters in Line x Tester mating design comprising of twenty four crosses from 6 lines and 4 testers in maize (Zea mays L.). It was carried out under irrigated condition in 2002-2003 using randomized block design with three replications. The results of this study indicated that the occurrence of non additive gene action for grain yield, oil and protein. B-QPM-117x B-QPM-128 was the only hybrid that recorded positive and highly significant standard heterosis for grain yield over DHM-105 with a value of 31.95%. Hence this cross can be a good substitute over the check DHM-105. Though it was not significant only hybrid B-QPM-114x B-QPM-118 showed the highest positive standard heterosis for oil content with the value of 0.71% and for grain yield per plot with value of 20% over the check Mandhuri. However, all the other crosses gave negative and significant standard heterosis for oil and protein contents over this check. This hybrid can be considered to improve oil content. Heterobeltiosis studies revealed that the five hybrids showed positive and significance performance for grain yield. Further three hybrids recorded positive and significant heterobeltiosis for protein content.

Analysis of new experimental barley genotype performance for grain yield using AMMI biplot

Presence of GE interaction reduces the correlation between genotypic and phenotypic parameters and complicates progress of selection. Among several methods proposed for evaluation of the GE interaction, the AMMI model is one of the most commonly used. The objective of this study was to estimate the GE interaction in new barley lines using the AMMI model, and to identify winter barley genotypes with stable and high yield. Multi-location trials with 25 winter barley advanced lines were conducted at four locations. The AMMI model was used to estimate GE interaction. The AMMI analysis of variance indicated that the genotype, environment and GE interaction had significant influence (p<0,01) on barley grain yield. Based on AMMI method, G8 and G18 could be recommended for further testing due their high and stable yields.

Número ótimo de ensaios de competição de trigo em diferentes regiões de adaptação

Este estudo teve por objetivo determinar o número ótimo de ensaios necessários à predição da produtividade de grãos de genótipos de trigo, em diferentes regiões de Valor de Cultivo e Uso (VCU), com vistas à seleção e recomendação de cultivares. Foram usados os dados de produtividade de grãos de 285 ensaios de competição, avaliados em 31 locais, nas safras agrícolas de 2007 a 2011, nas regiões de VCU 1, 2, 3 e 4. Existem diferenças entre as regiões de VCU quanto ao coeficiente de repetibilidade e ao número de ensaios necessários para uma precisão pré-estabelecida. Constatou-se a necessidade de aumentar o número de ensaios nas regiões de VCU 2 e 4 e reduzir o número de ensaios nas regiões de VCU 1 e 3. Nas regiões de VCU 1, 2, 3 e 4, para um nível de precisão de 80%, são necessários 8, 14, 10 e 12 ensaios, respectivamente.

Relationship of Line per se and Testcross Performance for Grain Yield of Tropical Maize in Drought and Well‐Watered Trials

ABSTRACTTo optimize the efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.) drought breeding, the ability to predict testcross performance (TP) under drought stress using line per se performance (LP) of the parental inbreds would be useful. We evaluated LP and TP of tropical inbreds in well‐watered and drought environments in Kenya and Mexico. Our main objective was to determine if LP under drought stress was predictive of TP for grain yield under drought stress and if selection for LP under drought stress would result in reduced yield potential for TP under well‐watered conditions. Average yield reduction under drought stress was 77% for lines and 68% for testcrosses. Average genotypic correlations between lines and testcrosses under drought stress were positive and low (genotypic correlation = 0.48), but correlations increased with increasing levels of drought stress in both LP and TP trials. Averaged over all sets, indirect selection for LP was predicted to be only 57% as effective as direct selection for TP under drought stress but was on average substantially higher in testcross sets where yield reduction due to drought was 70% or more. Therefore, LP under drought stress could be used to develop hybrids for severely drought‐prone environments. Moreover, LP under drought stress was uncorrelated with TP for grain yield under well‐watered conditions, showing that selection of lines per se for drought tolerance would likely not reduce yield potential of testcrosses.

English

Rhizoctonia solani&nbsp;causal agent of banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB), is widely distributed in the South China and Southeast Asian in maize causing severe yield losses. In this study, we identified the disease resistance of 282 maize inbred lines to BLSB. The results showed that no immune and highly resistant germplasm was found and four moderately resistant inbred lines were identified. These four moderately resistant inbreds had good performance in grain yield, combining ability and a suitable growth period; they could be good donor of disease resistance gene to improve the other maize lines. The environments,&nbsp;R. solaniisolate and the evaluation method were main factors that affect the evaluate results. In order to evaluate the disease resistance of maize lines to BLSB, environments beneficial to the disease,&nbsp;R. solani&nbsp;isolate have stronger pathogenic force, artificial infection and proper disease nurseries were necessary. The analysis on the disease resistant inbred lines from different heterosis groups showed that lack of resistance germplasm in SS array was more serious and it was more effective to seek resistance germplasm from the NSS array, especially from the PB and tropical maize germplasm. &nbsp; Key words:&nbsp;Maize, inbred lines, resistance, banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB).

Stability in Performance of Normal and Nutritionally Enhanced Highland Maize Hybrid Genotypes in Eastern Africa

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major crop in Eastern Africa in terms of production, consumption and income generation. Although highland ecologies in Eastern Africa have high potential for maize production, few varieties have been developed. Breeding efforts have been also concentrated on Quality Protein Maize (QPM) as a viable and cheaper method to alleviate malnutrition. Twenty conventional and 20 QPM three-way hybrid genotypes were developed and evaluated in a randomized block design across 11 and 8 environments in Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda in 2010. The objective was to identify superior and stable varieties from genotypes. Data were recorded on major agronomic traits (grain yield t ha-1). Additive main effects and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) statistical model was used to assess stability in performance for grain yield. Combined analysis of variance across environments indicated highly significant differences among non-QPM and QPM genotypes. Variations due to environment and genotypexenvironment (GxE) were suggesting genotypes performed differently across environments. Environments of Gisozi, Holleta, Kongoni and Kapchorwa were favourable and stable while Kulumsa was favourable but unstable. Other environments were of medium to low potential. The AMMI analysis ranked 5 non-QPM genotypes were with above-average yield (6.34 t ha) and 8 for stability performance across environments. While for QPM 3 genotypes were yielded better than best check (6.941 ha) and 7 genotypes were stable. Genotype 9 (7.15 t ha) was the only non-QPM genotype with yield better than the best check across environments. The information obtained will help to streamline highland maize testing programs in the region.

Performance in Grain Yield and Physiological Traits of Rice in the Yangtze River Basin of China During the Last 60 yr

Knowledge on the performance in grain yield and physiological traits is essential to understand the main yield-limiting factor and make strategies for breeding and crop management in rice (Oryza sativa L.). This study investigated the changes in grain yield and associated physiological traits of rice in the Yangtze River Basin of China during the last 60 yr. Thirteen mid-season indica and 12 japonica rice cultivars that were popularly used were grown in the field in 2008 and 2009. The grain yield and yield components, biomass, leaf area, leaf photosynthesis, root oxidation activity, and harvest index were examined. The results showed that grain yield and grain yield per day have progressively increased during the years and such increases are mainly attributed to the expanded sink size as a result of more spikelets per panicle, especially for the case of super rice. Both biomass and harvest index were increased with the improvement of cultivars. Increase in biomass for modern rice cultivars was associated with an enhancement of leaf area and photosynthesis, root dry weight, and root oxidation activity, although the indica super rice cultivars showed a lower leaf photosynthetic rate and root oxidation activity than the semi-dwarf cultivars during the grain filling period. Both indica and japonica super rice cultivars exhibited a low percentage of filled grains, which may limit their great yield potential. All the data suggested that grain yield have been substantially improved during the 60 yr of rice breeding in the Yangtze River Basin. Expanded sink size, increased dry matter production and harvest index, and enhanced leaf area and photosynthesis, root dry weight, and root oxidation activity contribute to the improvement in grain yield. Increase in filling efficiency could realize the great yield potential in super rice.

Correlations and comparisons of quantitative trait loci with family per se and testcross performance for grain yield and related traits in maize

Simultaneous improvement in grain yield and related traits in maize hybrids and their parents (inbred lines) requires a better knowledge of genotypic correlations between family per se performance (FP) and testcross performance (TP). Thus, to understand the genetic basis of yield-related traits in both inbred lines and their testcrosses, two F (2:3) populations (including 230 and 235 families, respectively) were evaluated for both FP and TP of eight yield-related traits in three diverse environments. Genotypic correlations between FP and TP, [Formula: see text] (FP, TP), were low (0-0.16) for grain yield per plant (GYPP) and kernel number per plant (KNPP) in the two populations, but relatively higher (0.32-0.69) for the other six traits with additive effects as the primary gene action. Similar results were demonstrated by the genotypic correlations between observed and predicted TP values based on quantitative trait loci positions and effects for FP, [Formula: see text] (M (FP), Y (TP)). A total of 88 and 35 QTL were detected with FP and TP, respectively, across all eight traits in the two populations. However, the genotypic variances explained by the QTL detected in the cross-validation analysis were much lower than those in the whole data set for all traits. Several common QTL between FP and TP that accounted for large phenotypic variances were clustered in four genomic regions (bin 1.10, 4.05-4.06, 9.02, and 10.04), which are promising candidate loci for further map-based cloning and improvement in grain yield in maize. Compared with publicly available QTL data, these QTL were also detected in a wide range of genetic backgrounds and environments in maize. These results imply that effective selection based on FP to improve TP could be achieved for traits with prevailing additive effects.

Performance of quality protein maize (Zea mays) genotypes under different moisture-stress environments

Eightysix genotypes of quality protein maize (Zea mays L.) including 12 parents, their 66 crosses and 7 checks were evaluated for morpho-physiological traits in four environments created by withdrawing irrigation at different crop growth stages in winter (rabi) season of 2009–10. Hybrids exhibited higher grain yield/plant and low chlorophyll stability index in stress condition, were found good for stress environments. The traits under investigation were governed by additive and non-additive gene action and thus could be improved through selection, followed by hybridization. Among the good general combining inbreds with high per se performance for grain yield was P7 and P12. Among the hybrids, P9 × P12 and P4 × P12 were found best for all the environments but P10 × P12, P1 × P7, P1 × P4 were best only in well irrigated environments. The above hybrids also exhibited higher estimates of specific combining ability effects, economic heterosis and per-se performance in all the environments for grain yield/plant and chlorophyll stability index (CSI).

Effect of different nitrogen management patterns on grain yield and radiation use efficiency of middle-season indica super hybrid rice

The middle-season indica super-hybrid recombination Liangyou293 was used to study the performance of grain yield and radiation use efficiency(RUE) under three treatments of nitrogen management patterns.Site-specific nutrient management applied nitrogen 120 kg/hm2;Real-time nutrient management applied nitrogen 120 and 210 kg/hm2,and farm fertilizer practice applied nitrogen 210 kg/hm2.The result showed that,with the same amount of nitrogen fertilizer,the performance of grain yield increased and RUE improved.The site-specific nutrient management pattern was better than any other other patterns.The total number of effective panicles,leaf area index in the middle and late growth stage,and the accumulation of total dry matter significantly increased and the disease index of sheath blight also decreased,which suggested that these might be the main causes for the increase of grain yield and RUE under site-specific nutrient management pattern.Compared with real-time nutrient management,the grain yield,total number of effective panicles,dry matter and radiation use efficiency of site-specific nutrient management increased by 1.61%,10.3%,13.3% and 12.0% respectively,and that of ShBI decreased by 17.2% with the same applied nitrogen 120 kg/hm2.