Electrochemical Capacitive Performance Research Articles

Utilizing Activated Carbon Nanopores for Electrochemical Oxidation of Perylene to Redox-Active 3,10-Perylenedione: Application in Electrochemical Capacitor Electrodes.

We demonstrate that nanopores of activated carbon (AC) function as nanoreactors that oxidize perylene (PER) to a redox-active organic compound, 3,10-perylenedione (PERD), without any metal catalysts or organic solvents. PER is first adsorbed on AC in the gas phase, and the PER-adsorbed AC is subjected to electrochemical oxidation in aqueous H2SO4 as the electrolyte. Because gas-phase adsorption is solvent-free, PER is completely adsorbed on AC as long as the amount of PER does not exceed the saturated adsorption capacity of the AC, which enables accurate control of the amount adsorbed. PER is electrochemically oxidized to PERD in the nanopores of AC at above 0.7 V vs Ag/AgCl. The hybridized PERD undergoes a rapid reversible two-electron redox reaction in the nanopores owing to the large contact interface between the conductive carbon pore surfaces and PERD. The resulting AC/PERD hybrids serve as electrodes for electrochemical capacitors, utilizing the rapid redox reaction of PERD. The hybridization method is advantageous for quantitatively optimizing electrochemical capacitor performance by adjusting the amount of adsorbed PER. Moreover, because PERD hybridization in the AC nanopores does not expand the electrode volume, the volumetric capacitance increases with increasing hybridized PERD content. In three-electrode cell measurements, the volumetric capacitance at 0.05 A g-1 reaches 299 F cm-3, and 61% of this capacitance is retained at 10 A g-1 when 5 mmol of PER is used per gram of AC. Meanwhile, pristine AC delivers 117 F cm-3 at 0.05 A g-1 with a capacitance retention of 46% at 10 A g-1. Two-electrode cell measurements reveal that self-discharge is significantly suppressed by the hybridized PERD when AC/PERD hybrids and AC are used as cathodes and anodes, respectively, compared to that of a symmetrical AC cell. Moreover, PERD does not undergo cross-diffusion in the asymmetrical cells during self-discharge tests for 24 h.

Scalable NH4V4O10 clusters as functional network nodes on toughened porous carbon nanofibers for hybrid capacitive deionization

Layered vanadium-based compound (e.g., NH4V4O10) is acknowledged as an outstanding candidate for intercalation pseudocapacitance electrode of capacitive deionization (CDI) cells. However, the directed production of high-efficiency NH4V4O10-based self-supporting CDI electrodes and their structure–activity connection warrant more in-depth study. Herein, the delicate design and controllable construction of NH4V4O10 clusters on the freestanding porous carbon nanofiber (PCNF) scaffolds (the composite PCNFs/NH4V4O10 is defined as CNVO) using a new organic reducing agent of citric acid is proposed, where NH4V4O10 clusters as functional network nodes can improve the mechanical toughness, electrochemical capacitive performance, and desalination capability of the CNVO hybrid. The Na+ adsorption mechanism on CNVO is confirmed by ex-situ experimental characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The hybrid CDI (HCDI) cell composed of the optimized CNVO cathode and PCNFs anode shows a desirable desalination capacity (45.07 mg g−1), a superior salt removal rate (16.4 mg g−1 min−1), an excellent energy utilization, and an acceptable cyclic regeneration ability in 500 mg L-1 NaCl solution. More importantly, the assembled HCDI system is promising for the desalination of reclaimed water from the printing and dyeing enterprise. This work highlights a scalable strategy that is experimentally and theoretically feasible to design and fabricate high-efficiency CDI electrodes.

Sub-millisecond lithiothermal synthesis of graphitic meso–microporous carbon

Porous carbons with concurrently high specific surface area and electronic conductivity are desirable by virtue of their desirable electron and ion transport ability, but conventional preparing methods suffer from either low yield or inferior quality carbons. Here we developed a lithiothermal approach to bottom–up synthesize highly meso–microporous graphitized carbon (MGC). The preparation can be finished in a few milliseconds by the self-propagating reaction between polytetrafluoroethylene powder and molten lithium (Li) metal, during which instant ultra-high temperature (>3000 K) was produced. This instantaneous carbon vaporization and condensation at ultra-high temperatures and in ultra-short duration enable the MGC to show a highly graphitized and continuously cross-coupled open pore structure. MGC displays superior electrochemical capacitor performance of exceptional power capability and ultralong-term cyclability. The processes used to make this carbon are readily scalable to industrial levels.

A Highly Robust and Conducting Ultramicroporous 3D Fe(II)-Based Metal-Organic Framework for Efficient Energy Storage.

Exploitation of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials as active electrodes for energy storage or conversion is reasonably challenging owing to their poor robustness against various acidic/basic conditions and conventionally low electric conductivity. Keeping this in perspective, herein, a 3D ultramicroporous triazolate Fe-MOF (abbreviated as Fe-MET) is judiciously employed using cheap and commercially available starting materials. Fe-MET possesses ultra-stability against various chemical environments (pH-1 to pH-14 with varied organic solvents) and is highly electrically conductive (σ=0.19Sm-1) in one fell swoop. By taking advantage of the properties mentioned above, Fe-MET electrodes give prominence to electrochemical capacitor (EC) performance by delivering an astounding gravimetric (304Fg-1) and areal (181mFcm-2) capacitance at 0.5Ag-1 current density with exceptionally high cycling stability. Implementation of Fe-MET as an exclusive (by not using any conductive additives) EC electrode in solid-state energy storage devices outperforms most of the reported MOF-based EC materials and even surpasses certain porous carbon and graphene materials, showcasing superior capabilities and great promise compared to various other alternatives as energy storage materials.

Improvement in Electrochemical Performance of Waste Sugarcane Bagasse-Derived Carbon via Hybridization with SiO2 Nanospheres.

Sugar industries generate substantial quantities of waste biomass after the extraction of sugar water from sugarcane stems, while biomass-derived porous carbon has currently received huge research attention for its sustainable application in energy storage systems. Hence, we have investigated waste sugarcane bagasse (WSB) as a cheap and potential source of porous carbon for supercapacitors. The electrochemical capacitive performance of WSB-derived carbon was further enhanced through hybridization with silicon dioxide (SiO2) as a cost-effective pseudocapacitance material. Porous WSB-C/SiO2 nanocomposites were prepared via the in situ pyrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)-modified WSB biomass. The morphological analysis confirms the pyrolytic growth of SiO2 nanospheres on WSB-C. The electrochemical performance of WSB-C/SiO2 nanocomposites was optimized by varying the SiO2 content, using two different electrolytes. The capacitance of activated WSB-C was remarkably enhanced upon hybridization with SiO2, while the nanocomposite electrode demonstrated superior specific capacitance in 6 M KOH electrolyte compared to neutral Na2SO4 electrolyte. A maximum specific capacitance of 362.3 F/g at 0.25 A/g was achieved for the WSB-C/SiO2 105 nanocomposite. The capacitance retention was slightly lower in nanocomposite electrodes (91.7-86.9%) than in pure WSB-C (97.4%) but still satisfactory. A symmetric WSB-C/SiO2 105//WSB-C/SiO2 105 supercapacitor was fabricated and achieved an energy density of 50.3 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 250 W kg-1, which is substantially higher than the WSB-C//WSB-C supercapacitor (22.1 Wh kg-1).

Enhancing electrochemical capacitor performance of N-doped tannin-derived carbons by hydrothermal treatment in ammonia

This study demonstrates that ammonia concentration when doping carbons using hydrothermal treatment has crucial impact on textural properties. The latter translates into an improvement of the electrochemical performance of carbon materials, when used into electrochemical capacitors, especially at high-rate performance. Nitrogen-doped carbons were synthesized by subjecting tannin to hydrothermal carbonization in ammonia solutions of varying concentrations. After carbonization and CO2 activation, the as-produced activated carbons (ACs) were tested as electrodes for electrochemical capacitors in symmetric configuration using 1 M H2SO4 as aqueous electrolyte. Interestingly, ammonia concentration during the hydrothermal synthesis step did not significantly affect the final N content (ca. 3 and 4 at. %) nor the nitrogen and oxygen functionalities on the surface. However, the use of ammonia had crucial impact on the textural properties developed by CO2 activation, and therefore on the electrochemical performance of the ACs. The best-performing N-doped AC showed specific electrode capacitance values, based on carbon material, of 212 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and outstanding capacitance retention of ca. 71 % at 40 A g−1. It also showed high cycling stability, with capacitance retention of ca. 96 % after 30,000 cycles. Furthermore, this AC outperformed similar reported materials, achieving a specific energy of 4.6 W h kg−1 at 12.1 kW kg−1.

Simple solid-state synthesis of mesoporous NiCo2O4/N-doped reduced graphene oxide nanosheet composites with enhanced performance in electrochemical capacitors

Simple solid-state synthesis of mesoporous NiCo2O4/N-doped reduced graphene oxide nanosheet composites with enhanced performance in electrochemical capacitors

Electrochemical characterization and structural analysis of (In2O3)/(Fe2O3) nanocomposites for high-performance supercapacitors

This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the electrochemical characteristics and structural properties of novel nanocomposites with varying compositions of (In2O3)x/(Fe2O3)1-x, where x ranges from 1 to 0. These nanocomposites were synthesized using a versatile and cost-effective co-precipitation method. The crystallographic structure and morphology of the synthesized samples were thoroughly analyzed using Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Tunneling Electron Microscopy (TEM). Advanced analytical techniques were employed including Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS) and Coincidence Doppler Broadening Spectroscopy (CDBS) to uncover critical insights into the structural and molecular properties of these nanocomposites. PALS analysis revealed valuable insights into the pore characteristics of the nanocomposites, while CDBS identified crucial molecular interactions within the materials. Electrochemical characterization of the nanocomposites is carried out using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) and electrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The (In2O3)0.3/(Fe2O3)0.7 nanocomposite exhibits a remarkable specific capacitance of 945 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 and exceptional rate performance, retaining 93.6% of its specific capacitance at a six-fold higher current density. Moreover, this nanocomposite electrode demonstrates outstanding cyclic stability, maintaining 92.1% of its specific capacitance even after 3000 GCD cycles at 8 A g-1. These findings suggest that the novel composition and integrated electrochemical properties of the (In2O3)0.3/(Fe2O3)0.7 nanocomposite hold great promise for enhancing the performance of next-generation electrochemical capacitors. This research contributes valuable insights into the design and development of advanced energy storage materials with applications in various high-performance energy storage devices.

Nanoarchitectonics of low process parameter synthesized porous carbon on enhanced performance with synergistic interaction of redox-active electrolyte for supercapacitor application

To develop materials of lower embodied energy and materials footprint for energy storage industry, the present work reports synthesis of porous carbon from a waste wetland weed (wild sugarcane) using low process parametric conditions (temperature and impregnation ratio) and their electrochemical capacitive (synonymously known as supercapacitors) charge storage performance in aqueous and redox active electrolytes. The phase, surface chemistry, physical surface, and morphology of the porous carbon thus developed are studied in detail using X-ray diffraction, gas adsorption measurements, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Porous carbon synthesized at 500 °C, with the activator ZnCl2, resulted in a combination of micro and meso pores and a specific surface area ∼1294 m2 g−1. The optimized electrodes show outstanding energy storage performance, viz. specific capacitance of ∼414 F g−1 (three-electrode system) and ∼197 F g−1 (two-electrode system) at 1 A g−1 current density in aqueous 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. The porous activated carbon showed high performance in terms of electrochemical stability of 96 % in half cell configuration for 10,000 cycles, while the symmetric device showed 80 % cyclic stability for 5000 cycles in full cell configuration. Addition of redox active 0.01 M hydroquinone in the 1 M H2SO4 significantly improved the storage capacity to 540 C g−1 at current density of 3 A g−1 in two-electrode configuration and maintained 72 % of capacity for 5000 cycles. The redox-active symmetric supercapacitors show an energy density ∼26.9 W h kg−1 and power density ∼5527 W kg−1 and other related electrochemical properties.

Effect of a buffer/iodide electrolyte on the performance of electrochemical capacitors

New strategy using buffer solutions and iodide as additive for improvement of EC performance.

Synthesis and performance of binder-free porous carbon electrodes in electrochemical capacitors.

Porous binder-free carbon electrodes were obtained by impregnating cellulose filter papers with phenolic resin through soft-salt template synthesis and thermal pyrolysis. These self-standing electrodes were used directly in a supercapacitor device. To understand the impacts of filter paper (FP) thickness on carbon filter paper (CFP) morphology, porosity, and surface functionalities, five different materials were examined. The CFP electrode thickness was adjusted linearly with the FP thickness to produce electrodes ranging from 100 to ∼800 μm. As the thickness of the CFP increased, there was an increase in the specific surface area and oxygen-based functionalities. Electrochemical testing in a 1 M KOH aqueous electrolyte demonstrated that electrode thickness played a key role in electrochemical capacitor (EC) performance, i.e., capacitance enhances linearly when the electrode becomes thinner. For low thicknesses (<280 μm), the capacitance and rate capability decreased slightly with increasing thickness; for high thicknesses, the performance drastically degraded despite the high specific surface area and oxygen surface functionalities. This effect was amplified at high regimes, indicating that high electrode thicknesses and fiber diameters limited electrolyte diffusion in the applied synthesis conditions. Thus, the high material porosity was inaccessible to ion adsorption. Consequently, thinner electrodes showed the highest capacitance (197 F g-1 at 0.1 A g-1) and rate capability (81%) values, exceeding those of their traditional binder-electrode counterparts prepared under similar conditions. Finally, for alkali metal hydroxide solutions, 1 M KOH exhibited a cation match with the salt template (KCl), while CsOH achieved additional capacitance retention (88% at 10 A g-1). Complex ion adsorption mechanisms were observed through a quartz crystal microbalance.

The Electrode/Electrolyte Interface in MXene-Based Electrochemical Capacitors

The operating voltage of electrochemical capacitor (EC) in aqueous medium is considerably limited due to the theoretical stability of water (1.23V). Hence, the delivered energy density of such systems is restricted compared to that of batteries. A traditional approach to tackle this issue is to focus on improving the capacitance rather than the working voltage of ECs. Especially, combining traditionally used carbons with pseudocapacitive materials has been investigated by many researchers. Adopting this strategy improves the delivered capacity of the system, but key metrics such as a power performance and cycle life of ECs may face a serious failure. The slow nature of faradaic reactions affects the frequency response, while the parasitic activities downgrades the favorable cyclability of the device. Hence, a realistic pathway to improve the energy performance of ECs must be taken. Transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides (MXenes) are a new family of 2D layered materials. They have the general formula of Mn+1Xn, in which M indicates the transition metal, like Ti, Mo, Nb, etc., and X is carbon or nitrogen. Considering favorable properties such as a high conductivity and the ability of cation intercalation, many ECs designs based on MXenes have been reported. Nevertheless, there is a lack of clear elucidation of the charge storage mechanism in these materials. Here, the interface of electrode-electrolyte was studied to gain a better insight into the hydrogen storage mechanism and overpotential of MXenes (Ti3C2Tx) in acidic and neutral media. It has been found that MXene-based ECs are suffering from an unbalanced capacitive performance between negative and positive electrodes. Especially, a low capacitance in the positive potential range limits the cell voltage to 0.8V and 1.3V in 1M H2SO4 and 1M Li2SO4, respectively. To extend the cell voltage, self-standing composites based on 3D graphene and Ti3C2Tx were designed. Interestingly, it was observed that during the negative polarization, a significant redox couple activity was observed at the surface of 3DG/ Ti3C2Tx composite electrode. The working potential of the positive electrode was enlarged using micro/mesoporous Black Pearl (BP2000) as electrode material. The realized asymmetric cell was operated in a wider potential window. A higher expansion was realized after balancing the charge of both electrodes. The addition of redox-active salt (KI) to the electrolyte medium improved the capacitive performance of the positive electrode, due to the activity of iodide/iodine species. Excessive increase of the positive electrode capacity was further equalized by balancing the mass of electrodes. In the neutral medium, an asymmetric design of the cell based on Ti3C2Tx (negative electrode) and BP2000 (positive electrode) allowed the cell to operate in a broad range of voltage (up to 2V) with a stable cycling (more than 7000 cycles). The prepared electrodes were characterized using different physiochemical techniques, including XRD, XPS, BET, and SEM analyses. For the electrochemical characterization in two and three-electrode cells, electrodes in the form of pellets or self-standing discs were utilized. The performance of EC cells was studied by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

Hierarchical Porous Carbon Aerogel Derived from Sodium Alginate for High Performance Electrochemical Capacitor Electrode

To improve the performance of electrochemical capacitors, there is a notable focus on carbon materials characterized by a large surface area, reasonable pore size, pore size distribution, appropriate electronic conductivity, and excellent chemical durability. Herein, the hierarchical porous carbon aerogel originating from sodium alginate (SA) with well-defined porosity are proposed. The resultant hierarchical porous carbon aerogel shows a substantial specific surface area of 2050.6 m2 g−1 with macropores, mesopores and micropores confirmed by techniques such as TEM, SEM, BET, etc., resulting from a sequence of aerogel formation-carbonization-activation. By electrochemical measurement, the hierarchical porous carbon aerogel exhibits a specific capacitance of 204 F g−1 at an operating current density of 0.2 A g−1 employing 6 M KOH aqueous solution. The hierarchical carbon aerogel displays outstanding cycling stability with a 96.2% capacity maintenance for 10,000 cycles at an operating current density of 1 A g−1. This study presents a viable method for for preparing hierarchical porous carbon aerogel derived from biopolymer for electrochemical capacitors.

Sulfonate-Functionalized Two-Dimensional Metal–Organic Framework as a “Dispersant” for Polyaniline to Boost Its Electrochemical Capacitive Performance

Sulfonate-Functionalized Two-Dimensional Metal–Organic Framework as a “Dispersant” for Polyaniline to Boost Its Electrochemical Capacitive Performance

Monitoring the ion population at a carbon electrode/aqueous electrolyte interface at various pHs using electrochemical dilatometry

Changes in the electrode thickness in electrochemical capacitors depend strongly on the electrolyte pH. Hence, different ions (or ions with various solvation shells) participate in electrical double-layer formation. In this study, operando electrochemical dilatometry experiments incorporating various electrochemical techniques, including cyclic voltammetry, large amplitude sinusoidal voltammetry, and step potential electrochemical spectroscopy, were performed on ECs operating in 1 mol L−1 Li2SO4 with different pHs (6, 9, and 12) and 1 mol L-1 LiOH (for comparative purposes). A microporous carbon (Kuraray YP-80F) was used as the electrode material. Comparable trends for the cell behaviour were observed for electrolytes with pHs of 6 and 9; however, the cell containing the pH 12 solution exhibited similar behaviour to that containing the LiOH solution, suggesting that during positive polarization, the primary role was played by OH−, because the same salt concentration was used in all cases. This result raises an essential concern regarding the actual ion population at the electrode/electrolyte interface, which affects the water decomposition potentials and triggers various parasitic reactions impacting long-term electrochemical capacitor performance.

Positional isomeric effect of nitro group substituted indoles on the electropolymerization and the capacitance performances of their polymers

AbstractThe isomers of conducting polymers usually have different properties, however, there are still few studies on the isomeric effect of conducting polymers in supercapacitors field. In this work, four isomers (4‐nitroindole, 5‐nitroindole, 6‐nitroindole, and 7‐nitroindole) were selected as the research objects to study the positional isomeric effect of nitro group substituted indoles on the electropolymerization and the capacitance performances of their polymers. The results show that the prepared poly(5‐nitroindole) (5‐PNI) and poly(6‐nitroindole) (6‐PNI) are in nanowires structure, poly(7‐nitroindole) (7‐PNI) is in dense structure, while poly(4‐nitroindole) (4‐PNI) fails to be prepared. In addition, the as‐prepared 5‐PNI, 6‐PNI nanowires and dense 7‐PNI exhibit very different electrochemical properties and capacitance performances. Taking into account the specific capacitance (364 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1), rate capability (58.5%) and cyclic stability (94% capacitance retention after 1000 cycles test), it can be concluded that 5‐PNI is the most suitable electrode material in the field of supercapacitors.

Synergistic engineering of infiltration–coating strategy and interfacial interaction boosts pseudocapacitive kinetics for zinc-ion capacitor

Effective adjustment of structure and interface charge transfer ability of composite electrode materials are the key to improve the electrochemical performance of the zinc-ion capacitor. Herein, a novel 3D birdcage-like architecture composed of interactive carbon nanotube (CNT) network confining ZIF-67 is prepared though the infiltration–coating strategy, followed by a photo-assisted method to reinforce the coupling interaction between ZIF-67 and CNTs, which is directly used as an cathode of zinc-ion capacitors (ZICs). In terms of this composite, the birdcage-like structure with abundant voids facilitates the ionic/electrolyte transport and buffers the shrinkage/expansion of pseudocapacitive ZIF-67 during intercalation–conversion–deintercalation reactions. Moreover, the robust connection between the ZIF-67 and CNTs can effectively prevent structural deterioration and ensure the ion/electron transport between ZIF-67 and CNTs, thus resulting in a high Zn ion diffusion coefficient, which synergistically guarantees the rate capability and cyclic stability of ZICs. Consequently, the ZICs exhibit a high specific capacitance of 142.33F g−1 (0.5 A/g) and a high energy density of 44.5 Wh kg−1 (375 W kg−1). Furthermore, the ZICs shows excellent cycling stability (92.5% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles at a current density of 0.5 A/g). Our work provides a novel design tactic to enhance the storage properties of zinc ions.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Boron-Doped Graphene for High-Performance Zinc-Ion Hybrid Capacitor Using Aloe Vera Gel Electrolyte

The great interest in developing emerging zinc-ion capacitors (ZIC) for energy storage applications is due to their inexpensiveness and the future necessity for hybrid electrical energy storage devices. The Zn-ion hybrid capacitor device was assembled using boron (B)-doped reduced graphene oxide (B-RGO) material, which acts as the cathode, and pure zinc metal as an anode. This research work aims to study the influence of B-doped reduced graphene oxide (B-RGO) with Aloe vera gel as an electrolyte. The reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and B-RGO electrode active materials were confirmed through X-ray diffraction (XRD), RAMAN, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and field emission-transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM) analysis. The surface morphological images reveal that a few-layered nanostructure B-RGO was used in the Zn-ion hybrid capacitor device. The electrochemical performance of the Zn-ion hybrid capacitor was evaluated through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) measurements, with a wide active potential range of 0–2 V versus Zn/Zn+. The mixture composition of Aloe vera extract and 1M ZnSO4 electrolyte generated a stable voltage and exhibited good capacitive behavior. The fabricated ZIC coin cell device with the Aloe vera gel semi-gel electrolyte containing ZnSO4 demonstrated improved Zn+ ionic exchange and storage efficiency. Moreover, the B-RGO electrode active material exhibited excellent cycle stability. The simple one-step electrochemical technique is the most suitable process for boron doping into graphene nanosheets for future energy storage applications.

Cerium-based metal–organic framework-conducting polymer nanocomposites for supercapacitors

Nanocomposites consisting of a cerium-based metal–organic framework (Ce-MOF-808) and a conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), are synthesized by performing the pulse electrodeposition of PEDOT within the Ce-MOF-808 thin films. Ratios between MOF and PEDOT in the composites are tunable by simply adjusting the charge density used for electropolymerization, and the crystallinity, morphology, and elemental distributions of the resulting nanocomposites are characterized. Electrochemical behaviors and capacitive performances of the pristine MOF, pristine PEDOT thin films, and composite thin films are investigated with the use of the neutral sodium sulfate aqueous electrolytes. The reversible electrochemical reactivity of the highly porous Ce-MOF-808 provides a pseudocapacitance, and the electronically conducting PEDOT can not only offer a remarkable double-layer capacitance but also facilitate the electronic conduction between the redox-active cerium sites present in the MOF. As a result, the composite can outperform both the pristine MOF and pristine electrodeposited PEDOT as the active materials for supercapacitors. Findings here suggest that the highly porous and redox-active cerium-based MOF thin films are capable to enhance the capacitive performances of the electrodeposited PEDOT thin films.

The Effect of Morphology and Temperature on the Electrochemical Capacitive Performance of Mesoporous Carbons Synthesized Using Reverse Copolymers

The Effect of Morphology and Temperature on the Electrochemical Capacitive Performance of Mesoporous Carbons Synthesized Using Reverse Copolymers