Data Transmission Performance Research Articles

Improving non-line-of-sight situations in indoor positioning with ultra-wideband sensors via federated Kalman filter

Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology is renowned for its exceptional performance in fast data transmission and precise positioning. However, it faces sensitivity challenges when the tagged object is not in direct line of sight, resulting in position inaccuracies. Applying the federated Kalman filter (FKF), this research focuses on mitigating position deviation induced by non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios in UWB technology. The utilization of the FKF in NLOS scenarios has demonstrated a noteworthy reduction in position deviation. This study uses the FKF to analyze measurements taken under line-of-sight (LOS) and NLOS conditions within indoor settings. The outcomes of this study provide a promising foundation for future research endeavors in the field of UWB technology, emphasizing the potential for improved performance and accuracy in challenging operational environments.

An optimization scheme of data link security transmission based on mobile edge computing

For the past few years, the security of data transmission links has been increasingly valued. However, with the increasing requirements for the security performance of data transmission links, how to cut the cost of upgrading while improving security has become a serious challenge. In response to the issue of ensuring low-cost and secure data transmission in wireless communication environments with eavesdroppers, this article innovatively starts with idle roadside units and studies how to incentivize roadside units to transmit interference power to interfere with eavesdroppers, thereby efficiently and economically improving the security performance of mobile user data transmission. Firstly, the impact of roadside unit transmission interference power on the security performance of data transmission links was analyzed by establishing a theoretical model; Then, this paper proposes a three-layer model consisting of ground user groups, eavesdropping users, roadside units, and UAVs equipped with mobile edge computing servers. In this model, by encouraging idle roadside units to send interference power, ground users are assisted to safely unload their own data to mobile edge computing servers. Meanwhile, considering the selfishness of idle roadside units, an improved algorithm based on simulated annealing algorithm is proposed to achieve the optimal mapping between ground users and idle roadside units. Finally, through the analysis of simulation results, this scheme can achieve the goal of reducing system costs while improving the security of data transmission.

Quick UDP Internet Connections and Transmission Control Protocol in unsafe networks: A comparative analysis

AbstractSecure data transmission and efficient network performance are both key aspects of the modern Internet. Traditionally, Transport Layer Security (TLS)/Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) has been used for reliable and secure networking communications. In the past decade, Quick User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Internet Connections QUIC has been designed and implemented on UDP, attempting to improve security and efficiency of Internet traffic. Real‐world platform investigations are carried out in this paper to evaluate TLS/TCP and QUIC/UDP in maintaining communication, security and efficiency under three different types of popular cyber‐attacks. A set of interesting findings, including delay, loss, server CPU utilisation and server memory usage are presented to provide a comprehensive understanding of the two protocol stacks in performing malicious traffic. More specifically, in terms of the efficiency in achieving short delays and low packet loss rates with limited CPU and memory resources, QUIC/UDP performs better under Denial of Service attacks but TLS/TCP overtakes QUIC/UDP when handling MitM attacks. In terms of security, the implementation of TCP tends to be more secure than QUIC, but QUIC traffic patterns are harder to learn using machine learning methods. We hope that these insights will be informative in protocol selection for future networks and applications, as well as shedding light on the further development of the two protocol stacks.

A hybrid congestion control scheme for Named Data Networking via SDN

As the mainstream congestion control in Named Data Networking (NDN), the hybrid control mechanism integrates the advantages of consumer and router control mechanisms. However, The concurrent control by both consumers and routers may results in degraded data transmission performance. Therefore, we propose a novel hybrid congestion control scheme for NDN, called ndnSieve. By using the characteristics of Software Defined Network (SDN) that can achieve global network information acquisition as well as global resource scheduling, ndnSieve manages to invoke consumer and router control mechanisms based on different congestion states in the network respectively and achieves the synergy between two kinds of mechanisms. The results of experiment demonstrate that, compared with existing works, ndnSieve has the lowest average round-trip time, relatively high level of throughput and fairness, effectively improving the Quality of Service (QoS) of the network.

Trusted Head Node for Node Behaviour Analysis for Malicious Node Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks

There has been a rise in the use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in several fields. Depending on the malicious actions, attacks on WSN can take many forms. This research demonstrates how to leverage request and response data from each node to pinpoint the location of malicious nodes. If a node is malevolent, it will prohibit data from being sent to other nodes. They do an excellent job of pretending to be someone else. To enhance route quality, packet dropping can be used to perform a Denial of Service (DoS) assault by rejecting data packets and cutting them off from their destinations. The primary goal of this research is to expose malicious nodes within the network. To avoid being attacked by the false information fed by the adversary through compromised nodes, it is crucial to discover and isolate the nodes that have been compromised. Unfortunately, flat topology networks are difficult to keep safe because of their limited scalability and substantial communication overhead. By computing the packet drop and throughput values with valid nodes, efficient security architecture for the WSN can be proposed, allowing for the detection of malicious activity. If sensor networks are susceptible to attacks, they will be unable to fulfill their duty in a variety of event detection applications. Malicious nodes can cause unacceptable drops in event detection effectiveness and spikes in false alarm rates by producing fake readings and deceptive information. In this research, a method for identifying malicious nodes in WSNs is proposed. This research considers a Trusted Head Node (THN) for monitoring the nodes behaviour in the network to detect the malicious actions in the network. This research proposes a Trusted Head Node for Node Behaviour Analysis for Malicious Node Detection (THN-NBA-MND) in WSN. The proposed model based on node behavior analysis in frequent time intervals; detect the malicious nodes to improve the network performance in data transmission. The proposed model when contrasted with the existing model performs better in malicious node detection.

Performance Assessment for the Validation of Wireless Communication Engines in an Innovative Wearable Monitoring Platform.

In today's health-monitoring applications, there is a growing demand for wireless and wearable acquisition platforms capable of simultaneously gathering multiple bio-signals from multiple body areas. These systems require well-structured software architectures, both to keep different wireless sensing nodes synchronized each other and to flush collected data towards an external gateway. This paper presents a quantitative analysis aimed at validating both the wireless synchronization task (implemented with a custom protocol) and the data transmission task (implemented with the BLE protocol) in a prototype wearable monitoring platform. We evaluated seven frequencies for exchanging synchronization packets (10 Hz, 20 Hz, 30 Hz, 40 Hz, 50 Hz, 60 Hz, 70 Hz) as well as two different BLE configurations (with and without the implementation of a dynamic adaptation of the BLE Connection Interval parameter). Additionally, we tested BLE data transmission performance in five different use case scenarios. As a result, we achieved the optimal performance in the synchronization task (1.18 ticks as median synchronization delay with a Min-Max range of 1.60 ticks and an Interquartile range (IQR) of 0.42 ticks) when exploiting a synchronization frequency of 40 Hz and the dynamic adaptation of the Connection Interval. Moreover, BLE data transmission proved to be significantly more efficient with shorter distances between the communicating nodes, growing worse by 30.5% beyond 8 m. In summary, this study suggests the best-performing network configurations to enhance the synchronization task of the prototype platform under analysis, as well as quantitative details on the best placement of data collectors.

Simulation Modeling of OLSR Routing Protocol Performance in Video Data Transmission from Unmanned Area Vehicle Using Various Mobility Models

Simulation Modeling of OLSR Routing Protocol Performance in Video Data Transmission from Unmanned Area Vehicle Using Various Mobility Models

Evaluation on Data Transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Computer Technology

Traditional network data transmission (DT) has certain limitations in terms of processing, storage, and communication capabilities. Moreover, DT is easily affected by the network environment, which can reduce the real-time performance of DT. In severe cases, network transmission failures, DT interruptions, and other issues may even occur. As a new network, wireless sensor networks (WSN) have been widely used in military, industrial, agricultural, medical and other fields. In this paper, WSN was regarded as an important research method, and in-depth research was carried out around the real-time and energy consumption (for the convenience of the following text, the abbreviation for energy consumption is EC) of WSN DT. This paper focused on the issues of real-time performance, EC, and real-time transmission. It balanced EC and improved real-time performance through the low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol and the power-efficient gathering in sensor information systems (PEGASIS) protocol. The experimental results showed that the real-time rates of LEACH under single reaction nodes were 45.5% and 48.6%, respectively. The lowest and highest real-time rates of PEGASIS were 86.2% and 89.5%, respectively. The real-time rate of PEGASIS was much higher than that of LEACH, proving that the proposed PEGASIS had high real-time performance and reduced DT delay.

Design and experiment of an intelligent surface mobile robot for the microbial slow-release control of pollution

In this paper, to solve the current problems of water quality pollution of rivers, such as multiple types, high toxicity and difficult degradation, we design an intelligent surface mobile robot based on the slow release of microorganisms. In the robot, the skeleton has a ship-type structure welded with stainless steel equilateral angle steel; the function module comprises a power supply part, motor part, transmission part, and release part; the wireless monitoring module is based on GPRS and EtherCAT networking technologies and consists of four submodules, including a data acquisition submodule, transmission submodule, database server and monitoring center. The field test results show stable overall transmission performance and wireless data transmission performance of the robot. When the water depth of the rotating cylinder is 0.3 m, and the speed of the rotating cylinder is 15 r/min, the pollution control ability of the robot is outstanding. The experimental results also verify the feasibility of the robot in treating water pollution. The robot can greatly improve the mechanization, automation and efficiency of water pollution control and facilitate the centralized monitoring of joint operations, so it is worth popularizing.

Experimental comparison of E-band BDFA and Raman amplifier performance over 50 km G.652.D fiber using 30 GBaud DP-16-QAM and DP-64-QAM signals.

We compare the performance of three optical amplifiers in the E-band: a bismuth-doped fiber amplifier (BDFA), a distributed Raman amplifier, and a discrete Raman amplifier (RA). Data transmission performance of 30 GBaud DP-16-QAM and DP-64-QAM signals transmitted over 50 km of G.652.D fiber is compared in terms of achieved signal-to-noise (SNR). In this specific case of relatively short distance, single-span transmission, the BDFA outperforms the distributed and discrete Raman amplifiers due to the impact of fiber nonlinear penalties at high input signal powers.

Optical injection locking and optical-fiber data transmission by directly modulated wavelength tunable laser transmitters

Enhancement of the small- and large-signal modulation performance of wavelength tunable laser diode (TLD) transmitters under strong optical injection locking (OIL) is investigated numerically in back-to-back and optical-fiber transmission schemes. Our model is based on the spatiotemporal description of laser dynamics as due to the composite cavity design of TLDs, the usual rate equation formalism is not directly applicable. We demonstrate that TLD transmission strongly depends on wavelength tuning, which was investigated over a 21-nm range between 1529 and 1550 nm emission wavelengths. The best performance for both free-running (FR) and OIL TLDs is achieved at shorter wavelengths, 1529 nm for our device. Although in both cases this is due to larger differential material gain at shorter wavelengths, the underlying physics of the effect is completely different. For an FR TLD, it is the resonance oscillation frequency (ROF) that defines the best modulation speed, while for an OIL TLD, the achievable modulation speed depends on the cavity mode shift due to optical injection. Both the ROF and the cavity mode shift increase when the differential gain increases. However, the ROF is the device’s fixed parameter, while the cavity mode shift is defined by the OIL conditions, and thus, it can be optimized. The superior performance of the optical fiber digital data transmission with the OIL TLD is demonstrated at around 20-Gb/s modulation speed for standard fibers. This result is attributed to an enhanced modulation response and suppressed frequency chirping of the OIL TLD, and it is important for practical utilization of TLD transmitters.

Analysis of PAPR reduction of optical-OTFS for 256-QAM using companding and clipping–filtering algorithms

Abstract The article presents an investigation into Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction techniques in Optical Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (O-OTFS) modulation. Focusing on clipping and filtering as well as companding methods, the study explores their efficacy in mitigating PAPR challenges inherent in O-OTFS waveforms. The research evaluates the impact of these techniques on signal quality, particularly in the context of a Rician channel. Clipping and filtering (C&F) are examined for their ability to control amplitude peaks, while companding is analyzed for its role in optimizing dynamic range. The study conducts a comprehensive analysis of Bit Error Rate (BER) and power spectrum density (PSD) under varying conditions, shedding light on how these methods influence the reliability and robustness of OTFS communication. The investigation considers the interplay of these PAPR reduction methods with the unique characteristics of the Rician and Rayleigh channel, which includes a dominant line-of-sight component. The findings contribute valuable insights into designing efficient OTFS modulation systems for real-world scenarios. Ultimately, this research aims to provide a deeper understanding of PAPR reduction strategies in OTFS, offering guidance for optimizing signal processing techniques in communication systems where mitigating PAPR is crucial for achieving high performance and reliable data transmission. It is noted that the proposed C&F and companding algorithms outperform the conventional methods and achieved a PAPR gain of 1–3 dB and BER gain of 10.6–2 dB.

OCC-MP: An optimal cluster based congestion aware technique multipath routing protocol in WSN using hybrid evolutionary techniques

Due to massive data traffic, wireless network congestion is inevitable, causing network performance deterioration and data transmission quality reduction. By adjustingthe traffic flow at the source node along the optimal path, Wireless sensor networks strive to evade and overcome congestion. Recently, numerous evolutionary approaches for congestion detection and avoidance have been presented, although they do not improve WSN performance. A hybrid evolutionary approach is attempted to avoid congestion in WSN and improve network performance. We present an optimum cluster-based congestion aware multipath routing protocol (OCC-MP). An improved atom search optimization (IASO) approach for efficient clustering is introduced initially in OCC-MP. Then the HSIPO method is used for decision making, which computes each node's trust degree. The HSIPO algorithm selects the cluster head (CH) from a group of nodes. Then a deep recurrent neural network (DRNN) is used to monitor congestion and provide congestion aware routing. Finally, multiple simulation situations like various node densities andat various simulation rounds supported our proposed OCC-MP techniqueoutperformedcurrent methodologies with respect to energy consumption, throughput, traffic load overflow, delivery ratio, and number of nodes alive.

Simple Calculator Application with Client-Server Connection Using Java Socket

This research aims to develop a simple calculator application using a client-server connection based on Java Socket. The research method involves the software development process that integrates a client-server architecture to enable users to perform basic mathematical calculations over a network. The main findings of this research are the successful implementation that enables effective communication between the client and server, facilitating the exchange of data for simple mathematical operations. The conclusion of this research indicates that the use of Java Socket in a calculator application can provide reliable and efficient data transmission performance. The contribution of this research lies in the development of a practical application that demonstrates the benefits of implementing a client-server connection using Java Socket in the context of mathematical calculations.

Research on the control strategies of data flow transmission paths for MPTCP-based communication networks.

The performance of multipath transmission control protocol (MPTCP) subflow through the enhancement mechanism of the MPTCP communication is improved. When dealing with multiple MPTCP subflows occupying the same transmission path, critical issues such as selection and optimization of multipath, and efficient scheduling of available multiple tracks are effectively addressed by incorporating the technology called software defined network (SDN) that is constructed based on four key parameters, namely, network transmission bandwidth, transmission paths, path capacity, and network latency. Besides, critical equipment such as the network physical device layer and SDN controller are integrated with the four parameters. So, the network model defines the transmission control process and data information. Considering the predetermined total network bandwidth capacity to select multiple paths, the adequate bandwidth capacity is determined by defining the data transfer rate between MPTCP terminals and MPTCP servers. However, the processing latency of the OpenFlow switch and the SDN controller is excluded. The effective network transmission paths are calculated through two rounds of path selection algorithms. Moreover, according to the demand capacity of the data transmission and the supply capacity of the required occupied network resource, a supply and demand strategy is formulated by considering the bandwidth capacity of the total network and invalid network latency factors. Then, the available network transmission path from the valid network transmission path is calculated. The shortest path calculation problem, which is the calculation and sorting of the shortest path, is transformed into a clustering, Inter-Cluster Average Classification (ICA), problem. The instruction of the OpenFlow communication flow is designed to schedule MPTCP subflows. Thus, various validation objectives, including the network model, effective network latency, effective transmission paths, supply-demand strategies, ineffective transmission paths, shortest feasible paths, and communication rules are addressed by the proposed method whose reliability, stability, and data transmission performance are validated through comparative analysis with other conventional algorithms. Found that the network latency is around 20 s, the network transmission rate is approximately 10Mbps, the network bandwidth capacity reaches around 25Mbps, the network resource utilization rate is about 75%, and the network swallowing volume is approximately 3M/s.

Optimum Performance Analysis and Receiver Design for OFDM-Based Frequency-Splitting SWIPT With Strong Nonlinear Effects

Multicarrier based frequency splitting simultaneous wireless information and power transmission (FS-SWIPT) signals are very prone to nonlinear effects due to the combination of high-power energy harvesting (EH) subcarriers with low-power data subcarriers. In this paper, we study the impact of nonlinear effects in FS-SWIPT signals, as well as ways to minimize these effects on the data transmission performance. We start by analytically characterizing the impact of nonlinear devices on the signals, showing that the nonlinear effects on data subcarriers are exacerbated by a factor close to the ratio between the power spectral densities of EH and data terms. This suggests that conventional receivers, that treat nonlinear distortion as an additional noise term, can have very poor performance. Then, we present an iterative receiver that iteratively estimates and cancels nonlinear distortion, and is able to have a performance close to the linear case. Finally, we study the optimum performance of FS-SWIPT signals with strong nonlinear distortion levels, showing that, by using optimum receivers, the nonlinear distortion term can be used to improve the performance of FS-SWIPT, even outperforming the linear case.

Performance of Data Transmission using LoRa Module in Smart Plantation Watering Systems

Indonesia has a very large plantation area and is the main sector to support the community's economy. Generally, not all of the harvests obtained are good, so farmers experience losses. This condition is influenced by several factors such as plant needs that are not being met, which is why the Smart Watering System for Plantation (SWAP) is presented. SWAP is an automatic plant watering tool designed for the plantation sector by implementing a data transmission system using LoRa (Long Range) and NodeMCU ESP 8266 as a microprocessor. This research aims to determine and test data transmission performance using LoRa (Long Range). The aspects tested were testing the data transmission configuration using LoRa and delay testing in the plantation 1 and plantation 2 areas. The results shows that the plantation 2 has a better performance in terms of delay with 280,97 ms than plantation 1 that needs 322,53 ms to transmit the data

Development of an Industrial Safety System Based on Voice Assistant

Currently, there are limitations in the human–machine interfaces (HMIs) used in industry, either due to the characteristics of users’ cognitive abilities or interfaces, which hinder communication and interaction between humans and equipment. For this reason, this work presents an alternative interaction model based on a voice assistant, Alexa, which promotes more natural, intuitive, direct, and understandable communication. The purpose of this work is the development of an industrial safety system for a controlled electric motor based on Alexa voice assistant, which allows the monitoring of its operating parameters, such as phase current, housing temperature, and rotor vibration, as well as making it possible to control ignition and shut down and change the rotation of the motor with a prior password, as a safety measure. Commercial smart devices and Arduino-compatible modules were used to achieve this, providing them with the Internet of Things (IoT) feature. In addition, several software platforms, such as Blynk, Tuya Smart, Node Red, and Voiceflow, are used to perform data transmission, device management, and programming of the Alexa skill, oriented to the execution of the security and run system. This shows the potential capacity of voice assistants in the industry to deliver information more naturally to humans and obtain optimal notifications. However, problems were evidenced, such as the influence of noise in the environment when communicating with the assistant, the vocalization of words, low voice tones, and accents typical of the language, that will increase the security level of the system and prevent potential identity theft.

Application and performance of a Low Power Wide Area Sensor Network for distributed remote hydrological measurements

Communication distances of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are greatly limited in settings where vegetation coverage is moderate or dense, and power consumption can be an issue in remote environmental settings. A newer innovative technology called “Low Power Wide Area Sensor Networks” (LPWAN) is capable of greater communication distances while consuming less power than traditional WSNs. This research evaluates the design and in-field performance of a LPWAN configuration in headwater catchments to measure environmental variables. The performance of the Beta LPWAN deployment indicate reduced signal strength in topographic valleys, but better actual than modelled data transmission performance. System performance during extreme cold temperatures (below – 15 ºC) resulted in increased sensor down time. The configuration of antennae combinations provides the greatest improvement in signal strength and system performance. This technology facilitates remote collection of physically-based, spatially-distributed information within regions with limited accessibility, ultimately advancing data collection capabilities into areas that are not feasible to visit regularly.

Implementing circularity measurements in industry 4.0-based manufacturing metrology using MQTT protocol and Open CV: A case study.

In the context of Industry 4.0, manufacturing metrology is crucial for inspecting and measuring machines. The Internet of Things (IoT) technology enables seamless communication between advanced industrial devices through local and cloud computing servers. This study investigates the use of the MQTT protocol to enhance the performance of circularity measurement data transmission between cloud servers and round-hole data sources through Open CV. Accurate inspection of circular characteristics, particularly roundness errors, is vital for lubricant distribution, assemblies, and rotational force innovation. Circularity measurement techniques employ algorithms like the minimal zone circle tolerance algorithm. Vision inspection systems, utilizing image processing techniques, can promptly and accurately detect quality concerns by analyzing the model's surface through circular dimension analysis. This involves sending the model's image to a computer, which employs techniques such as Hough Transform, Edge Detection, and Contour Analysis to identify circular features and extract relevant parameters. This method is utilized in the camera industry and component assembly. To assess the performance, a comparative experiment was conducted between the non-contact-based 3SMVI system and the contact-based CMM system widely used in various industries for roundness evaluation. The CMM technique is known for its high precision but is time-consuming. Experimental results indicated a variation of 5 to 9.6 micrometers between the two methods. It is suggested that using a high-resolution camera and appropriate lighting conditions can further enhance result precision.