Performance Of Clubs Research Articles

Financial and sporting efficiency and productivity in Brazilian football clubs

PurposeThis paper analyses the efficiency and productivity of Brazilian football clubs in the post-world cup 2014 period (2014–2022) using a network dynamic DEA-Malmquist model.Design/methodology/approachFinancial and sporting efficiency and productivity in Brazilian football clubs.FindingsThe financial division’s average efficiency is higher than that of the sporting division and overall efficiency from 2014 to 2022. Fourteen clubs exhibited increased productivity during this period. Regression models revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between the debt ratio and DEA dependent variable models at a 1% significance level and a significant negative relationship with the three Malmquist dependent variable models. Additionally, the models identified a statistically significant relationship with the “Covid” (2020 years) variable across all models.Practical implicationsOur findings suggest that increased expenditures can lead to higher liabilities, reducing the ability to afford high-quality players and thus diminishing overall club value. Additionally, the inefficiencies observed among some of the largest football clubs reveal room for improvement in both financial and sportive aspects.Originality/valueThis is the first study to investigate efficiency and productivity in two dimensions for Brazilian football clubs, incorporating an analysis of productivity over an extended period and examining the impact of debt and other determinants on club performance.

Development Strategy Management Model for Tennis Club in Guangzhou City, the People’s Republic of China

Background and Aim: More tennis players in Guangzhou offer a larger platform for the sport's growth. The Guangzhou Tennis Club has grown quickly in the last few years. However, as the tennis club has grown, several issues have emerged, including management, staffing, and club operations. Materials and Methods: This study used a questionnaire to look into 286 club members, 143 club coaches, and 53 club administrators from 50 tennis clubs in Guangzhou. The data is analyzed using the descriptive statistics method, and the resultant conclusion serves as a foundation for guidance for the Guangzhou Tennis Club's strategic management model. The instrument; (1) Survey data questionnaire for research purposes. (2) Evaluation form for focus groups. (3) Expert interview guide. (4) Questionnaire for expert assessment. Analyzing Data: (1) The average and percentage must be used in the questionnaire. (2) Content analysis will be used to analyze the data from focus groups and interviews. Results: (1) Able to fully mobilize resources to support development; good at forging cooperative relationships with pertinent institutions. (2) There are organizations to support the growth of the tennis club, and the staff management structure is well-defined. (3) There are standards and design requirements for both members and staff to meet to enter the club. Issues and challenges: (1) Absence of strategies to encourage tennis club growth in conjunction with pertinent institutional or national policies. (2) Professional staff is absent from tennis club management and instruction, and the clubs' development trajectory is unidirectional. (3) Absence of a system for tracking tennis club performance and lack of authority over the maximum number of members. And (4) abusing the tennis club welfare allowance, pressuring staff members. Conclusion: (1) Guangzhou Tennis Club should be taken into consideration when creating the phased development plan, and national and government policies should be used to promote development. The organizing section's management development strategy can be summed up as follows: using the organization's current resources to support the club's quick development. The leading development strategy should be summed up in the leadership section as follows: suitable systems should be developed to standardize each employee's daily work and have requirements for employees. The following succinctly describes the controlling development strategy in the control section: planning employee development and effectively ensuring employee welfare, as well as collaboratively advancing the growth of Guangzhou Tennis Club. (2) Fifteen experts have given the Guangzhou Tennis Club's development strategy management mode, which was created for this study, high marks. The Guangzhou Tennis Club's development strategic management mode received an average score of 4.65 from 15 participants, indicating that the experts are satisfied with the mode's practical application and overall impact.

Assessing the influence of financial fair play on sporting performance: A study of the Spanish league using a data envelopment analysis model

AbstractThe football industry stands as an important economic sector in numerous countries, sparking scholarly discussions on the multifaceted nature of interconnected objectives and the influence of financial, accounting, and management elements on athletic performance. This discussion has gained prominence following the implementation of Financial Fair Play (FFP) regulations, which have substantially reshaped industry management practices. This study introduces two innovative models—financial and sporting—that employ data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the performance of Spanish league football clubs within the context of FFP regulations. These models illuminate a crucial aspect of sports economic theory: the balancing act between financial and sporting objectives. Moreover, our analysis explores the influence of FFP on the efficiency of the Spanish league by comparing club proximity to the best practice frontier before and after FFP implementation. Our findings uncover intriguing differentiations within the proposed models and across various club clusters, providing valuable insights into the nuanced interplay among finance, accounting, and sports management.

New players? New managers? New stadiums? Which investments drive football club performance?

PurposeProfessional football clubs, like other businesses, need to make investments in both human capital and fixed capital. We examine how investments in players, managers and stadiums drive football club performance.Design/methodology/approachUsing data from the English Premier League (EPL) from 2012 to 2021, we use a lag model to relate investments in the past two years to the current financial and sporting performance of clubs.FindingsWe find that investments in new players are associated with better subsequent sporting performance. A £100 million increase in transfer expenditure is associated with 12 more points and 4 better table positions over the following two seasons. Investments in stadiums are associated with better subsequent financial performance. An increase in stadium capacity by 10,000 seats is associated with an extra £26 million in profits over the next two seasons. Manager changes are associated with better sporting performance in non-Big Six clubs, but worse sporting and financial performance in Big Six clubs.Originality/valueThese results have implications for optimal investment strategies at professional football clubs. For example, we find that new managers in Big Six clubs need to be complemented by additional transfer expenditure of at least £135 million to maintain the same level of sporting performance.

Analysis of Financial Performance of Public Sports Clubs in Türkiye via CRITIC-Based SAW Method

Sports activities have been performed as a spectacle since ancient times. With the start of the Olympics, sports competitions were organized for the entertainment of the masses in Ancient Greece and later in the Roman Empire. Since the end of the nineteenth century, clubs have been established in many sports branches, especially football, and they have had large fan bases. The establishment of different clubs by different socioeconomic, political and religious strata has also caused these clubs to be positioned in a different place than the purpose of sports. The financial aid of their supporters to these structures, which have the status of association, has enabled the formation of a local and global economy. Sports economy, which was previously non-profit, has turned into for-profit service companies in recent years, especially with the purchase of sports clubs by business people, and they have become public by incorporation. Although many sports clubs are joint stock companies in Türkiye, four of them are traded on Borsa İstanbul. In the study, the financial performance of sports clubs has been examined based on the data of these publicly traded companies. Within the scope of the study, the criteria used in the study have been weighted with the CRITIC method, and the performances of the alternatives have been evaluated with the SAW method. As a result, it has been determined that there is a relationship between working financial performance and sportive success.

Stadium Investments and Club Performance: Evidence From the English Premier League

Abstract: Many professional football clubs have big plans for new stadiums or stadium expansions. Bigger stadiums are a sign of status, help to increase and diversify revenue streams, and enhance the fan experience. So how should a football club go about getting a bigger stadium? Should they build a new one or expand their existing stadium? And how are these stadium investments associated with club performance? Using an event study approach, we analyze sporting performance in the years around stadium investments in the English Premier League from 1992/1993 to 2021/2022. We find that clubs with stadium expansions have better subsequent sporting performance while clubs with new stadiums do not. Further analysis indicates that investments in new stadiums are associated with a temporary decrease in transfer expenditure. This decrease is not the case for stadium expansions as transfer expenditure is maintained and performance on the field subsequently improves. In summary, our analysis indicates that stadium expansions are the better option for professional football clubs as they increase both stadium capacity and sporting performance in the short-term.

Governance, management, sustainability, and performance in the football industry: A bibliometric analysis

This paper utilizes the bibliometrix R package for a bibliometric analysis of 572 academic documents spanning from 1992 to 2023. These documents, sourced from 213 scholarly outlets via the Web of Science Database, focus on the governance, management, sustainability, and performance of football clubs. The analysis marks significant developments in this field, examines the interplay among various research topics, and quantifies the contributions from journals, authors, and countries. Furthermore, it outlines several potential avenues for future research. The results emphasize the interconnection of governance, management, sustainability, and performance within football clubs.

Sustainability of debt in the football industry: One, nobody and one hundred thousand owners

Today, football is widely regarded as one of the most significant leisure activities in people's lives, given its considerable impact in terms of fostering social cohesion, promoting physical and mental health, generating economic and financial benefits, as well as attracting millions of viewers globally. The football industry is a major industry with a plethora of stakeholders that support a complex and dynamic multi-billion-euro industry. However, the unique and unpredictable nature of the football industry presents ongoing challenges to debt management and financing strategies. Debt in the football industry, especially at the club level, is a matter of concern and discussion among academics, as well as politicians, financial investors, and organizations. This study aims to analyse the financial and economic performance of Italian football clubs, their trends, and perspectives in comparison to their European counterparts. The results in the table show clear economic and financial difficulties facing the professional Italian football industry. Our findings and our reflections on the operational strategic consequences may be useful for both practitioners, who might know the impact of their sports-related choices in their clubs' debts, and policymakers.

IMPACTO DO PROGRAMA DE MODERNIZAÇÃO DA GESTÃO DO FUTEBOL E RESPONSABILIDADE FISCAL NO DESEMPENHO FINANCEIRO E ESPORTIVO DOS CLUBES BRASILEIROS

The professionalization of football in Brazil has heightened interest in the financial management of clubs, prompting the Brazilian government to establish the Financial Responsibility and Modern Management Program for Football (PROFUT). Hence, our research investigates the impact of adherence to PROFUT on the financial and sporting performance of football clubs in Brazil. We gathered accounting and sports performance data from 58 football clubs participating in the first, second, and third divisions of the Brazilian football championship. This data was sourced from the clubs’ official websites and the Brazilian Football Confederation website. The collected data underwent unbalanced panel data regression analysis using the differences in differences estimator. As regards financial performance, the findings suggest that PROFUT participation increased clubs’ total revenue and the specialization of their revenue structures. However, no impact was observed on indebtedness, undermining the program’s intent to reduce clubs’ liabilities. Furthermore, the results indicate that adherence to the program could potentially diminish a club’s sporting performance, implying that managers seem unable to balance financial health with on-field results effectively. This study ventures beyond investigating clubs’ revenue to examine underlying structural factors. Furthermore, it employs an innovative estimator in the context of financial and sports performance in Brazilian football clubs, particularly in relation to PROFUT regulations. Thus, this empirical research carries significant practical implications for directors and managers associated with football clubs and entities. It can guide regulatory bodies’ strategic decisions, policy formulation, and inspection procedures.

The Impact of Corporate Governance on Financial Performance in Professional Sports Clubs: The Case of Italian Serie A

This paper explores professional football clubs' corporate governance challenges, recognizing them as symptoms of a deeper management crisis. The need for more effective managerial practices within these organizations is evident in the prevailing issues. This study aims to assess how corporate governance quality impacts the profitability and sustainability of Italian Serie A football clubs. Through the analysis of governance variables and financial indicators from the 2018/2019 season, the research identifies crucial factors. These factors encompass the business model, board composition, board age, control bodies, and internal procedure transparency. The results highlight the significant influence of corporate governance variables on club performance and insolvency risk. Enhanced governance quality is associated with higher profitability and viability, even among clubs facing financial difficulties. These findings hold significance for academics, practitioners, and regulators interested in understanding corporate governance practices within the competitive soccer market and their impact on financial performance. Future research should expand the sample and incorporate a comparative analysis of major European football leagues, accounting for varying legal frameworks. Moreover, the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the football industry must be considered in forthcoming investigations. The pandemic's financial consequences will likely differ based on each club's business model, international reputation, financial structure, and governance approach.

Examining the Impact of Supply Chain Quality Management on the Performance of Premier League Volleyball Clubs with the Mediating Role of Organizational Structure

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of supply chain quality management on the performance of Premier League volleyball clubs, with the mediating role of organizational structure. Methodology: The research was descriptive-survey in nature, and the statistical population consisted of head coaches, coaches, and operational staff of the Iranian Premier League volleyball clubs. A total of 120 participants were selected through simple random sampling. The research tools included the Supply Chain Management Questionnaire by Mahmoudzadeh (2012), the Organizational Structure Questionnaire by Robbins (1989), and the Organizational Performance Questionnaire by Shafiei et al. (2013). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 and AMOS software. Findings: The results of the path analysis showed that supply chain quality management has a significant impact on the performance of Premier League volleyball clubs. The mediating role of organizational structure in this relationship was also confirmed. Additionally, the use of information technology as a reinforcing factor increased the positive effect of supply chain management on club performance. Fan satisfaction was significantly improved through better supply chain management and organizational structure. Conclusion: The findings indicate that supply chain quality management and organizational structure are two key factors in improving the performance of Premier League volleyball clubs. The use of information technology further enhances the positive effects of supply chain management. Sports managers should utilize these factors to increase efficiency and fan satisfaction.

Examining sustainability investments and financial performance of football clubs: an empirical analysis

Examining sustainability investments and financial performance of football clubs: an empirical analysis

The impact of the sports and financial performance of European football clubs on their share prices

The impact of the sports and financial performance of European football clubs on their share prices

The Resource-Based View and the Implications of Organisational Orientation in Professional Football Clubs: An Exploratory Study

The COVID-19 crisis represented a major challenge in various social and economic sectors, and the sport context was no exception. Professional clubs had to deal with an intense organisational and operational environment, which is essential to apply their tangible and intangible assets to obtain a sustainable competitive advantage. This study aims to examine the role of entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation and learning orientation in the performance of professional football clubs. In light of the lens of the resource-based view and adopted a qualitative approach, we conducted semi-structured interviews during the pandemic period with stakeholders from five football clubs participating in professional competitions. The results show that entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation, and learning orientation influence sports clubs’ performance. This study is relevant for sports organisations as it identifies a set of assets that, when strategically managed, can increase organisational performance and generate and enhance their competitive advantage and sustainability. It shows a relation between organisational orientations, the resources implemented in clubs and their performance. Competition stimulated sports organisations to adapt, renew, reconfigure and re-create their resources and capabilities in tune with the environment. Furthermore, professional sports clubs try to follow strategies that improve their sports performance, adapting entrepreneurial orientation to developing new services, products and activities, accepting risks and being proactive. This study is relevant for sports organizations in general, as it identifies a set of assets that, when strategically managed, can increase organizational performance as well as generate and improve a competitive advantage.

A shared-input integer network DEA approach linking football teams’ wages and market values

This paper proposes a new approach, based on an SBI, shared-input NDEA model, to assess the sport and value creation performance of football clubs that are playing in national and international competitions. The novel features of the proposed approach include the relationship between the different sub-processes that make the team transform their salaries into sporting results and these into market value; the computation of inefficiency scores for the participation in the national and international competitions as well as the inefficiency of the value creation stage; and the computation of target intervals for the sports results of the clubs. The proposed approach has been applied to 22 teams, from six major European football leagues that played the UEFA Champions league in the 2021/2022 season.

Factors affecting financial performance of football clubs in Arab Republic of Egypt

Factors affecting financial performance of football clubs in Arab Republic of Egypt

The Influence of Players Contracts in Sport and Economic Performance of Brazilian Football Clubs

Objective: This study analyzes the influence of the representativeness of players’ contracts on financial and sports performance in Brazilian football clubs. Method: Based on the 2020 Brazilian Football Confederation rank, our sample comprises 29 teams covering the 2011-2021 period. We use the players' contracts registered in the intangible assets as our primary independent variable. We also subdivided this value into professional and young players. Results and Discussion: Results suggest that most big clubs invest more in professional players while small clubs in young players. Moreover, a higher investment proportion in players' contracts influences financial and sportive performance. This is mostly confirmed by the investment in professional players, whereas the investment in developing young players could not be confirmed. Contributions: Intangible assets play an important role in the overall success of football clubs, not only from a financial perspective but also in terms of their sporting achievements. This comprehensive study seeks to provide evidence that sheds light on the distinctive relationship between players' contracts and the subsequent impact on both the sporting and financial performance of Brazilian football clubs. Furthermore, it is worth noting that in Brazil, clubs have the unique advantage of being able to capitalize on costs associated with the development of young players, which is a distinctive setting to analyze.

Football finance and Covid-19

This study looks at the financial performance of top English football clubs to understand the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. Our analysis focuses on English Premier League (EPL) and English Football League (EFL) clubs that have participated at least once in England’s highest league, the EPL. Using panel data methodology from 36 clubs between 2005 – 2021, we quantify the impact and severity of Covid-19 on top English football clubs’ financial performance. We find statistically significant evidence that profitability deteriorated during the pandemic with EPL clubs more reliant on matchday revenue the most impacted. Both financial stability and indebtedness deteriorated during the pandemic but the deterioration was not statistically significant. EFL clubs were the most impacted by reduced financial stability and increased indebtedness. These findings are vital for football’s regulators as it provides empirical evidence on the stability of the industry and also provides insights football club owners on strategies they can adopt to survive during external shocks to the industry

Productive Organisational Energy and Performance in Estonian Football Organisations

Abstract Sports governance is a broad domain in which many ambitious goals are expected to be considered by top management. Attending to productive organisational energy may be the key to consolidating and amplifying efforts by members of sports organisations at individual, group and organisational levels in order to achieve those wide-ranging goals. The aim of the article is to discover whether Estonian football organisations with higher results for the dimensions of productive organisational energy also show higher performance. Overall, we reached about 14% of the population of players, coaching staff and management from football organisations in Estonia. Productive organisational energy was measured using affective, cognitive and behavioural dimensions (Cole et al., 2012). Rankings in the league tables for 2020, 2021 and 2022 reflected the performance of the football clubs. The results demonstrated that football clubs that had higher levels of productive organisational energy were mostly placed in the top half of the league table. All three dimensions of productive organisational energy were similarly relevant in regard to performance. The connection between productive organisational energy and performance has so far been analysed only in business organisations and in one health service organisation. We brought the topic to the sports context and distinguished three dimensions of productive organisational energy while comparing the performance of organisations, which has not been done before. We also conducted the first empirical study that considers whether dimensions of productive organisational energy are balanced in better performing clubs.

The impact of journal clubs on postgraduate medical education in China

PurposeJournal clubs hold significant importance in medical education, with numerous studies highlighting their contributions worldwide. However, studies specifically examining their role in China, particularly among Chinese medical postgraduates categorized into academic and clinical types, remain scarce. This research aims to investigate the participation, performance, and benefits of journal clubs, and explore the influence of student type and study phase on these aspects.MethodA survey encompassing demographic information, participation rates, performance evaluations, and perceived improvements was distributed to postgraduates at Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. A total of 232 completed questionnaires were included for further analysis. Statistical analysis employed the Mann–Whitney U test and Gamma tests, with statistical significance set at p-value < 0.05.ResultsOverall participation and performance in journal clubs among Chinese medical postgraduates were comparable to global findings. Notably, academic postgraduates exhibited higher levels of attendance rate and gained more research assistance than clinical postgraduates, while their performance levels were similar. When considering the study phase, a downward trend in academic postgraduates' attendance rate and listening attitude and an upward trend in clinical postgraduates' participation were observed with the seniority phase. Additionally, presentation comments, post-presentation progress, and research assistance showed improvements over time for both student types.ConclusionsThis study reveals academic postgraduates' fatigue, contrasting with clinical postgraduates' enthusiasm, and underscores academic postgraduates' superior research assistance. To address these findings, we recommend supporting and encouraging scientific research training for clinical postgraduates, aiding academic postgraduates in better time management and reducing non-essential responsibilities, and implementing critical appraisal skill education.