Performance Of Basketball Players Research Articles

On the Role of Proprioception in Making Free Throws in Basketball

Purpose: The aim of this article was to investigate the role that proprioception of the upper limb plays in making basketball free throws. Method: We designed an experiment to directly correlate the performance of basketball players in a free-throw task and an elbow- and wrist-joint position sense task. Results: We found a moderately high correlation between the free-throw success rate and wrist-joint position sense and a moderate correlation between the free-throw success rate and elbow-joint position sense. In both cases, the most successful shooters also had the best proprioceptive results. Conclusions: The results indicate that free-throw success is, at least partly, determined by players' ability to sense the position of the distal joints of their throwing upper limb. From a motor-control point of view, this suggests that basketball players may organize the compensatory behavior between the joints of their free-throwing arm on the basis of proprioception. From a practical point of view, it points toward new training techniques to enhance free-throwing efficiency.

Effect of Resistance Training On Shooting Performance of Basketball Players

The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of resistance training on shooting performance among college basketball players. To achieve this purpose of the study, thirty college students were selected as subjects who were from Trivandrum. The selected subjects were aged between 18 to 22 years. They were divided into two equal groups of fifteen each, Group I underwent resistance training and Group II acted as control that did not participate in any special training apart from their regular curricular activities. The subjects were tested on selected criterion variable such as shooting performance prior to and immediately after the training period. The selected criterion variable such as shooting performance was determined through malty shooting test. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to find out the significant differences if any, between the experimental group and control group on selected criterion variable. In all the cases, level of confidence was fixed to test the significance, which was considered as an appropriate. The result of the present study has revealed that there was a significant difference among the experimental and control group on shooting performance.

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN BASKETBALL PLAYERS: A PREDICTOR OF SPORT PERFORMANCE

This study examined the role of emotional intelligence in performance of basketball players. To obtain required data, the investigators had selected Sixty (N=60) female intercollege level basketball players of 19 to 25 years of age to act as subjects. They were divided into three groups; (i.e., N1=20; District, N2=20; State and N3=20 National). The purposive sampling technique was used to select the subjects. All the subjects, after having been informed about the objective and protocol of the study, gave their consent and volunteered to participate in this study. To measure the level of Emotional Intelligence the subjects, the Emotional Intelligence scale constructed by Hyde et al. [1] was administered. The results revealed significant differences have been noticed among district, state and national level female basketball players on the sub-parameters; self-awareness and integrity. It has been observed that district level female basketball players had demonstrated significantly better self-awareness as compared to their counterpart state and national level female basketball players. It has also been noticed that national level female basketball players exhibited significantly better on integrity as compared to their counterpart district and state level female basketball players. However, No significant differences were found on the sub-parameters; empathy, self-motivation, emotional stability, managing relations, self-development, value orientation, commitment and altruistic behaviour.

Heart Rate Variability Responses in Vertical Jump Performance of Basketball Players

Our objectives were to investigate the acute responses of the heart rate variability (HRV) before, during and after the execution of different Vertical Jump (VJ) protocols and correlate the levels of sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation after the VJ execution with the performance variables in VJ. Eight male athletes (29±4.9 years; 186±8.6 cm; 24.8±2.1 kg.m-2; 12±1.2% body fat) of a team participating in the first division of the National Basketball League (NBL), from Brazil, were evaluated. For the HRV analysis, each subject was instructed to stand in a orthostatic position on the jump platform System Optical (Cefise®, Sao Paulo) for a period of 10 minutes of rest before (R1) and after the VJ executions (R2). Right after the R1 period, athletes performed 5VJ with five seconds intervals (total time ~ 30 seconds) between VJ (5VJ) and then underwent 60 seconds of maximum continuous VJ (60SVJ). The HRV were automatically transferred and analyzed by the softwares Polar ProTrainer5™ (version 5.41.002., Kempele, Finland) and HRV analisys (version 2.1., Kuopio, Finland), respectively. The HFnu was used to represent the parasympathetic modulation, whereas LFnu represented the sympathetic modulation. The ratio LF:HF was used to represent the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic modulations. The one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Tukey test was used to compare differences in HRV during the execution of the experimental protocol. Linear regression and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used between the VJ performance variables (mean of 5VJ and 60SVJ, jumpsnumber and fatigue index) and the sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation LF:HF R2 (p< 0.05). The following comparisons of the HRV were found between the different protocols: 5VJ (LF 93.9±5.4 nu) versus R1 (LF 64.2±19.9 nu); 5VJ (HF 6.0±5,4 nu) versus R1 (HF 35.6±19,9 nu); 5VJ (LF:HF 40.1±37.4) versus R1 (LF:HF 2.6±1.9 nu) (p < 0.001); 60SVJ (LF:HF 8.3±13.8 ms²) versus 5VJ (LF:HF 40.1±7.7 ms²); R2 (LF:HF 6.5±5.7 ms²) versus 5VJ (LF:HF 40.1±7.7 ms²) (p < 0.001). A significant correlation was found between the average height of 5VJ with the sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation LF:HF R2 (r = 0.7942 , p = 0.01 ) and fatigue index 60SVJ with the sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation LF:HF R2 (r = 0.7206 , p = 0.04). It is concluded that the 5VJ test characterized by intermittent high intensity loads, showed high significant responses of sympathetic modulation (LF; LF:HF) compared to the 60SVJ protocol. The 5 min recovery was not sufficient for the onset of vagal tone (parasympathetic modulation), which was accompanied by higher fatigue index presented by basketball athletes.

Effects of in-season short-term plyometric training on jumping and agility performance of basketball players

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of in-season plyometric training program on power and agility performance in young male basketball players. Twenty intermediate basketball players (age 20.1 ± 1.3 years; height 181.1 ± 8.5 cm; body mass 78.8 ± 5 kg) from Division I province team volunteered to participate in this study and were randomly divided into two groups: plyometric training (PL; n = 10) and control group (CG; n = 10). Plyometric training took place twice weekly for 6 weeks including three sets of 15 repetitions of depth jump (from 45-cm box height), vertical jump, and standing long jump, in addition to regular basketball practice of the team. Vertical jump (VJ), standing long jump (SLJ), 4 × 9-m shuttle run, agility t test (ATT), and Illinois Agility Test (IAT) were measured at pre- and post-training. The PL group showed significant improvement (P < 0.05) in VJ (10.21 ± 2.72 cm), SLJ (21.15 ± 8.10 cm), 4 × 9-m shuttle run (0.62 ± 0.28 s), ATT (1.16 ± 0.57 s), and IAT (1.17 ± 0.65 s) after a 6-week training period and compared to CG. It can be concluded that a 6-week in-season plyometric training program has positive effects for improving power and agility performance in young male basketball players and this study provides support for coaches and basketball players who use this training method during competitive phase.

The influence of physical and cognitive factors on reactive agility performance in men basketball players

This study explored the influence of physical and cognitive measures on reactive agility performance in basketball players. Twelve men basketball players performed multiple sprint, Change of Direction Speed Test, and Reactive Agility Test trials. Pearson’s correlation analyses were used to determine relationships between the predictor variables (stature, mass, body composition, 5-m, 10-m and 20-m sprint times, peak speed, closed-skill agility time, response time and decision-making time) and reactive agility time (response variable). Simple and stepwise regression analyses determined the individual influence of each predictor variable and the best predictor model for reactive agility time. Morphological (r = –0.45 to 0.19), sprint (r = –0.40 to 0.41) and change-of-direction speed measures (r = 0.43) had small to moderate correlations with reactive agility time. Response time (r = 0.76, P = 0.004) and decision-making time (r = 0.58, P = 0.049) had large to very large relationships with reactive agility time. Response time was identified as the sole predictor variable for reactive agility time in the stepwise model (R2 = 0.58, P = 0.004). In conclusion, cognitive measures had the greatest influence on reactive agility performance in men basketball players. These findings suggest reaction and decision-making drills should be incorporated in basketball training programmes.

Heart rate and time-motion analyses in top junior players during basketball matches

Background: Basketball performance can be classified as an intermittent physical activity due to the changing situational game conditions and the number of intervening variables. It is necessary to have detailed knowledge about the performance of basketball players during a match as a background for more specific planning of the training process. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the indicators of internal and external load of basketball player's performance during a match of U18 top men basketball players as a background for the planning of specific training processes. Methods: Thirty-two Czech top junior basketball players (male, aged 16.88 ± 0.72 years) participated in this research. The heart rate was recorded and time-motion analysis was conducted during six warm-up matches. Results: The average heart rate was measured to be 167.47 ± 13.01 beats * min.-1, which corresponded to 85.06 ± 6.40% of peak heart rate. The percentages of the total time spent over and under 85% were 63.12% and 36.88%, respectively. Average distance covered was measured to be 5,880.91 ± 831.01 meters. The average work : rest ratio was 1 : 7.95 ± 1.83, ranging from 1 : 4.80 to 1 : 10.92. Conclusions: The results from these matches suggest that the exercise intensity and sprint activity observed during junior basketball are dependent on the player's position and partly on the level of the performance. The heart rate during a match was not dependent on the positions, however, time-motion analysis revealed significant differences between three basketball positions during a match. The combination of heart rate and time-motion analysis is recommended.

Effects of Exercise Continued Until Anaerobic Threshold on Balance Performance in Male Basketball Players

The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of exercise continued until the anaerobic threshold on balance performance in basketball players. Twelve male basketball players (age = 20.92 ± 2.81 years, body height = 192.72 ± 7.61 cm, body mass = 88.09 ± 8.41 kg, training experience = 7.17 ± 3.10 years) volunteered to participate in this study. A Kinesthetic Ability Trainer (KAT 2000 stabilometer) was used to measure the balance performance. Balance tests consisted of static tests on dominant, nondominant and double leg stance. The Bruce Protocol was performed by means of a treadmill. The exercise protocol was terminated when the subject passed the anaerobic threshold. After the exercise protocol, balance measurements were immediately repeated. Statistical differences between pre and post-exercise for dominant, nondominant and double leg stance were determined by the paired samples t-test according to the results of the test of normality. The post-exercise balance score on the dominant leg was significantly higher than pre-exercise (t = −2.758, p < 0.05). No differences existed between pre- and post-exercise in the balance scores of the nondominant leg after the exercise protocol (t = 0.428, p > 0.05). A significant difference was found between pre and post-exercise balance scores in the double leg stance (t = −2.354, p < 0.05). The main finding of this study was that an incremental exercise continued until the anaerobic threshold decreased balance performance on the dominant leg in basketball players, but did not alter it in the nondominant leg.

Factors determining production (FDP) in basketball

The aim of this research is to introduce a simple and easily computable metric to assess the performance of basketball players through non-scoring box-score statistics. This metric is called Factors Determining Production (FDP), which is created through separating points made from the remaining variables which may be quantitatively recorded. FDP is derived from the outcome of several games, it considers both teams’ statistics, and it reflects the final result of a game with noticeable merit. It provides a simple linear weight formula which, together with the points made by each player, yields a comprehensible picture of how well a worker (player) performed. This metric has been validated through different statistical procedures and it overcomes Win Score from a theoretical viewpoint, because it departs production (points) from factors facilitating production.

Effect of Combine Plyometric Training on Leg Strength and Power Performance in Basketball Players

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of height increasing plyometric jump box training methods on leg strength, power and jumping performance in basketball players. Twenty-four basketball players from junior high school were divided into height increasing group (HI group, n = 8), height constant group (HC group, n = 8), and control group (C group, n = 8). All subjects sustained the basic basketball training programs during the experimental period. The subjects of HI group and HC group had additional training schedules with the plyometric jump box training 3 times per week for 8 weeks. The jumping heights in HI group were 20, 30, and 40 cm and the heights in HC group were stationary at 40 cm. The strength of leg press and performance of squat jump, counter-movement jump, single-leg vertical jump with run-up, and one step vertical jump of the subjects were tested before and after the training. ANCOVA were used to compare the variables of post-training between the groups. The results showed that the post adjustment average after training of the strength of leg press, counter-movement jump and single-leg vertical jump with run-up in HI group were significantly higher than HC group (103.29 ± 1.92 kg vs. 97.33 ± 1.92 kg, 61.68 ± 1.00 cm vs. 58.41 ± 0.99 cm, 70.09 ± 1.24 cm vs. 66.33 ± 1.21 cm, respectively, p ＜ .05). Furthermore, the post adjustment average of the strength of leg press, counter-movement jump, single-leg vertical jump with run-up and one step vertical jump in HI group were also significantly higher than C group (103.29 ± 1.92 kg vs. 92.21 ± 1.92 kg, 61.68 ± 1.00 cm vs. 57.53 ± 1.00 cm, 70.09 ± 1.24 cm vs. 64.01 ± 1.25 cm, 65.46 ± 1.14 cm vs. 61.88 ± 1.16 cm, respectively, p ＜ .05). However, no significant difference between HC group and C group was noticed. It is concluded that the training efficiencies of leg strength, power and jumping performance by height increasing plyometric box training program was better than height constant program.

O efeito da prescrição de cadeira de rodas de basquetebol sobre o desempenho esportivo

Foi analisado o desempenho esportivo de jogadores de basquetebol com utilização de cadeiras de rodas prescritas (específicas) e não-prescritas (genéricas) de acordo com as características de cada atleta. Seis participantes desempenharam testes de velocidade (20 m com e sem bola) e de agilidade (sem bola). Escalas de percepção de esforço e de conforto foram utilizadas após a realização dos testes. Foram verificados melhores desempenho e conforto nos testes realizados com a utilização das cadeiras prescritas. Foi sugerido o uso de cadeiras prescritas especificamente para cada atleta, a fim de otimizar o desempenho e o conforto para a prática do basquetebol em cadeira de rodas.

Effect of Plyometric Training on Dynamic Balance and Sports-Related Performance in Basketball Players

Effect of Plyometric Training on Dynamic Balance and Sports-Related Performance in Basketball Players

Neuropsychological performance in basket-ball players

Neuropsychological performance in basket-ball players

Cross-Validation and Reliability of the Line-Drill Test of Anaerobic Performance in Basketball Players 14–16 Years

This study evaluates the validity and reliability of the line-drill (LD) test of anaerobic performance in 76 male basketball players 14.0-16.0 years of age. The Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) was used as the reference for anaerobic performance. Wingate Anaerobic Test and LD test were moderately correlated (0.39 and 0.43, p < 0.01). Estimated age at peak height velocity (APHV) was moderately, negatively, and significantly (p < 0.01) correlated with WAnT peak (r = -0.69) and mean power (r = -0.71); earlier-maturing players had greater anaerobic power. Training experience was not associated with anaerobic performance, but chronological age (CA) and estimated APHV were significant covariates of the LD test (p < 0.05). National players were better than local players on the LD test (p < 0.01) after controlling for CA and body size. Short-term reliability of the LD test (n = 12, 1-week interval) was good: technical error of measurement = 0.44 seconds (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31-0.75 seconds), intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.91 (95% CI 0.68-0.97), and coefficient of variation = 1.4% (95% CI 1.0-2.3%). Although the relationship between the LD test and WAnT was moderate, the LD test effectively distinguished local- and national-level adolescent basketball players. In contrast to WAnT, the LD test was not influenced by estimated biological maturity status. Thus, the LD test may be suitable for field assessment of anaerobic performance of youth basketball players.

Comparison of Mood in Basketball Players in Iran League 2 and Relation with Team Cohesion and Performance

The purpose of this research is Comparison of mood in basketball players in Iran legue2 and relation with team Cohesion and performance. The statistical population consist of all male basketball players (n=75) that's participated in basketball matches in (March 2010). The Brunel Mood questionnaire with 6 sub-scales are rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from, and the group environment questionnaire (GEQ).The GEQ assess the two dimensions of group cohesion- task cohesion and social cohesion. The finding of research showed a significant difference in all mood sub-scales between winner and loser group (sig≤0.05). There were direct relationship between mood with team cohesion and performance in basketball players.

Effects of a Plyometric Training Program With and Without Added Load on Jumping Ability in Basketball Players

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of a standard plyometric training protocol with or without added load in improving vertical jumping ability in male basketball players. Twenty-seven players were randomly assigned to 3 groups: a control group (no plyometric training), plyometric training group (PG), and loaded plyometric group (LPG, weighted vests 10-11% body mass). Before and after the 10-week training program, all the players were tested for the 5-jump test (5JT), the squat jump (SJ), and the countermovement jump (CMJ). The PG and LPG groups performed 2 and 3 training sessions per week, during the first 3 and the last 7 weeks, respectively. The results showed that SJ, CMJ, and 5JT were significantly improved only in the PG and LPG groups. The best effects for jumps were observed in LPG (p < 0.01), which showed significantly higher gains than the PG (p < 0.05). In conclusion, it appears that loads added to standard plyometric training program may result in greater vertical and horizontal-jump performances in basketball players.

Whole-Body Vibration Training Effects on the Physical Performance of Basketball Players

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of 4 weeks of whole-body vibration training added to the conventional training of basketball players. Eighteen competitive basketball players (13 male symbol, 5 female symbol, 18-24 years old) were randomly assigned to a whole-body vibration group (WBVG, n = 10; 7 male symbol and 3 female symbol) or a control group (CG, n = 8; 6 male symbol and 2 female symbol). During the 4-week period, all subjects maintained their conventional basketball training program. The members of WBVG were additionally trained 3 times a week for 20 minutes on a vibration platform (10 unloaded static lower limb exercises, 40-Hz, 4-mm, Silverplate). Testing was performed before and after the 4-week period and comprised strength assessment, vertical jump performance, and a 10-m sprint test. The maximal voluntary isometric strength of the knee extensors significantly increased (p < 0.001) after vibration training, as did squat jump (SJ) height (p < 0.05), whereas performance of the countermovement jump, drop jump, 30-second rebound jump, and 10-m sprint remained unchanged. The results of the present study indicated that a 4-week whole-body vibration training program added to the conventional training of basketball players during the preseason is an effective short-term stimulus to enhance knee extensor strength and slightly SJ performance.

The Effects of Hypnosis on Flow States and Three-Point Shooting Performance in Bastketball Players

This study examined the effects of hypnosis on flow states and three-point shooting performance in 5 collegiate basketball players. The investigation utilized an ideographic single-subject multiple baselines across subjects design combined with a procedure that monitors the internal experience of the participants (Wollman, 1986). The method of intervention utilized in this study involved relaxation, imagery, hypnotic induction, hypnotic regression, and trigger control procedures. The results indicated that all five participants increased both their mean basketball three-point shooting performance and their mean flow scores from baseline to intervention. There were no overlapping data points between the baseline and intervention for either performance or flow state. Additionally, each participant indicated that they had felt the intervention was useful in keeping them confident, relaxed, and calm. These results support the hypothesis that a hypnosis intervention can improve three-point shooting performance in basketball players and increase feelings and cognitions that are associated with flow.

The effects of electromyostimulation training and basketball practice on muscle strength and jumping ability.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a 4-week electromyostimulation training program on the strength of the knee extensors and the vertical jump performance of 10 basketball players. Electromyostimulation sessions were carried out 3 times weekly; each session consisted of 48 contractions. Testing was carried out before and after the electromyostimulation training program (week 4) and once more after 4 weeks of normal basketball training (week 8). At week 4, isokinetic strength increased significantly (p < 0.05) at eccentric and high concentric velocities (between 180 and 360 x s(-1)); this was not the case for low concentric velocities (60 and 120 degrees x s(-1)). Electromyostimulation training increased also isometric strength at the two angles adjacent to the training angle (p < 0.01). Squat jump increased significantly by 14% at week 4 (p < 0.01), whereas counter movement-jump showed no change. At week 8, gains in isokinetic, isometric strength and squat-jump performance were maintained and the counter movement jump performance increased significantly by 17% (p<0.01). Electromyostimulation as part of a short strength-training program enhanced knee extensor strength and squat jump performance of basketball players.

Effects of a cognitive intervention package on the free-throw performance of varsity basketball players during practice and competition.

To examine the effects of a cognitive intervention package on the free-throw shooting performance of basketball players, with 3 Canadian male university caliber basketball players ages 20, 22, and 24 years, during practice and in competition single-subject multiple-baseline design was implemented. Each subject was introduced to the imagery-rehearsal intervention at different times during the 14-week competitive basketball season. Free-throw data were collected during 50 practice sessions and 32 games. Data from both practice and competitive situations were examined using a comparison of graphed means. In the practice condition an increase in free-throw performance for all three subjects occurred during the posttreatment intervention. In the game condition, Subjects A and B showed posttreatment improvement. The cognitive intervention package consisting of visualization and relaxation can be an effective strategy for improving free-throw performance of some basketball players. Further research should involve control-group examination using a larger sample across a variety of tasks.