Performance Of Agricultural Sector Research Articles

PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN DRYLANDS OF JATH TEHSIL OF SANGLI DISTRICT

There are several possibilities for increasing the income of farmers. There are different strategies of crop productions for different states/regions and they are location-specific. The performance of agriculture sector depends on rainfall, climate change, resource scarcity, changing demand pattern of food and agriculture products and many more uncertainties. Particularly, Jath tehsil is a drought-prone tehsil and it has almost all area as dryland area. The farmers in this area choose to an effective risk-coping strategy of farming, because they are not aware of the risks faced and they are unable to manage them effectively. So, they adopt subsistence farming strategy. KEY WORDS: production, drought-prone area, dryland, risk-coping, livelihood, diversification, climate

Credit Financing and Agricultural Sector Performance in Nigeria (1989–2019)

Providing people with a good standard of living through food consumption, businesses with employment opportunities, and the government with tax revenue through product exports, as well as creating an environment that is favorable for the economy to flourish, determines how well the agricultural sector is performing. Due to insufficient funding, excessive interest rates, and poor policy measures, the agricultural sector's performance continues to suffer. Therefore from 1989 to 2019, the study examined the impact of credit finance on agricultural performance in Nigeria. An ex-post facto research design was used in the study. The study made use of Time series data. The data were obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin. The study employed descriptive statistics, unit root test, co-integration, bound test, and Auto regressive Distributed lag models, and inferences were made at 5 percent significant level. The study showed that Deposit money banks credit to the Agricultural sector was positively related and significant to agricultural sector performance in Nigeria (β=0.759; P=0.004), while government expenditure on agriculture was positively related and significant to agricultural sector performance in Nigeria (β=0.598; P=0.0002) and interest rate posits a positive but insignificant effect on agricultural sector performance in Nigeria (β=0.1507, P=0.580) within the observed period. The study concluded that deposit money banks' credit to the agricultural sector and government expenditure on the agricultural sector has positively influenced agricultural sector performance, while interest rate on deposit money banks' credit does not have a significant effect on agricultural sector performance. It was recommended that Commercial banks should establish a panel examining committee to make sure that the money distributed is rigorously used for its intended purpose and is not diverted in any way. The delay and strict requirements in assessing deposit money banks' credit and facilities should be overhauled.

Analysis Role and Contribution of The Agricultural Sector in Sukoharjo District

Sukoharjo Regency is one of the buffer districts in Central Java apart from Klaten Regency. Sukoharjo Regency has a potential agricultural sector, so this sector is the region's mainstay. This study aims to identify the role of the agricultural sector in economic development by analyzing the agricultural sector's performance (basis/not) and knowing the agricultural sector's contribution to the Gross Regional domestic product. The data used in this research is time series data from 2013-2017, sourced from the Central Statistics Agency of Sukoharjo Regency. The data analysis method used in this research is Location Quotient and Contribution. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the agricultural sector in Sukoharjo district was a basic sector, while the agricultural sector's contribution to the total Gross Regional Domestic Product was the highest in 2013, with a contribution of 9.86%. Keywords: Sukoharjo, LQ, Contribution, GDPJEL Classification: O40, R10, Q00

Model of agricultural performance in Aceh

This study aims to develop a model of agricultural performance in Aceh. Multiple regression analysis was used as the research’s analytical approach. The Random Effect model (REM) was selected to estimate the performance of agriculture sector. The research results show that labor absorption in agriculture sector is significantly affected by minimum wages, regional gross domestic product, and investment. Based on the relationship between variables, the minimum wage has a negative relationship, gross regional domestic product and investment relate positively to labor absorption in the agricultural sector. The amount of labor absorption in agriculture sector will have an effect on the sustainability of food safety.

Cracking the Code of Crop Growth: Illuminating the Future of Philippines’ Onion Production for a Resilient Filipino Diet with the ARMA Forecasting Model

This study employed the Box-Jenkins methodology and the Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) model to forecast onion production in the Philippines. By utilizing historical data from the Philippine Statistics Authority, an optimal forecasting solution was achieved through the selection of the ARMA (4,2) model. The model demonstrated a favorable fit, passing diagnostic tests and exhibiting a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 10.406%. Projections for onion production in 2023 and 2024 were provided, highlighting expected yields for each quarter. The analysis of historical data revealed periodic fluctuations in onion supply driven by factors such as weather patterns, market demand, agricultural practices, and imports or exports. The study's implications emphasize the value of accurate forecasting models for decision-making in production planning, resource allocation, pricing, and market positioning. Policymakers, farmers, and stakeholders can utilize the findings to optimize onion production sustainably and enhance the agricultural sector's performance in the Philippines.

The role of agricultural sector performance in attracting foreign direct investment in the food and beverages sector. Evidence from planned investments in Africa

AbstractUsing a novel dataset on foreign direct investment (FDI), this paper analyzes the correlates of planned FDI in the food and beverages sector in 49 African countries over the period 2003–2017. It applies the random effects model and augments the standard specification of FDI determinants with a set of factors related to the agricultural sector performance, hypothesized to be essential from the perspective of supply chain linkages and access to raw materials. The results indicate that well‐performing and well‐capitalized agricultural sector of the host country is a key factor associated with the choice of investment location by foreign investors, especially those from the Global North. Capital investment in agriculture, as proxied by agricultural gross fixed capital formation and net capital stock, is particularly important. Public investment in agriculture, in the form of government expenditure and official development assistance, is also associated with higher FDI. These factors, however, are not significant in case of the least developed countries where only market potential appears to matter for foreign investors. The results suggest that complementarities may exist between different types of investments and that policy‐makers willing to attract food and beverages FDI should prioritize agricultural sector development. [EconLit Citations: E22, E24, F21, F23, Q00, Q13, Q18].

Factors affecting farmers’ entrepreneurial action at Etunda Green scheme project, Namibia

This study investigates factors limiting the entrepreneurial action of small-scale irrigation farmers (SSIF) at the Namibian Green Scheme Irrigation Project (GSIP). Literature was reviewed on the concepts of the agricultural sector in Namibia, entrepreneurship action, and agricultural entrepreneurship in Namibia and elsewhere. The paper used a quantitative research approach to produce descriptive statistics of the agricultural entrepreneurs' experiences when starting and operating their projects. Data were collected using a questionnaire surveying the Etunda Green scheme irrigation project. The study used Microsoft Office Excel 2019 analysis tool pack to analyse the data. The key findings revealed that most SSIF operating at the project are obstructed by some elements of the policy environment, finance, business support services, market environment, infrastructure, and ecological factors. The study praises that sectoral connections should be strengthened, and government should prioritise and target elements that would improve the overall performance of the Namibian agricultural sector. The study offers policymakers and practitioners a blueprint for developing entrepreneurship in an agricultural context, specifically the Namibian Green Scheme Projects.

African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement and the Agricultural Performance in Nigeria in the Post Covid-19 Era: A Simulation Focus on Agricultural Output, Trade, and Employment

The COVID-19 pandemic has unleashed negative economic consequences on the global economies and Nigeria inclusive. In response, Nigeria has launched the Economic Sustainability Plan (ESP) to leverage the potential gains of the African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement (AfCFTA) to accelerate agricultural performance in the post-COVID-19 era. Thus, this paper investigated the potential impact of AfCFTA on the performance of the agricultural sector in Nigeria in the post-COVID-19 era focusing on Agricultural output, trade and employment within the framework of a small macro-econometric model. The study used secondary data from 1970 to 2018 for a within-sample forecast and a twelve-year out-of-sample forecast spanning from 2019 to 2030. Two simulation experiments based on AfCFTA tariff reduction lines were conducted. Findings revealed that with tariff reduction under the AfCFTA, there is an increase in agricultural output, exports, employment, and the share of agriculture to GDP growth, as well as actual private consumption in Nigeria. The study concludes that if the AfCFTA is implemented, it will boost agricultural sector performance in Nigeria during the post-COVID-19 era. Based on these findings, the study recommended that the country implement mechanisms to overcome the challenges militating against agricultural production and exports in the economy to maximize the potential gains that AfCFTA provides. The government should also streamline its expenditures and invest hugely in infrastructural facilities such as roads, electricity, and expansion of sea-port facilities, communication networks and earth-dams to encourage dry-season farming activities.

Credit Financing, Monetary Policy and Performance of the Agricultural Sector of the Nigerian Economy

Monetary policy is critical to a county’s economic development and achievement of macroeconomic objectives. The objective and focus of monetary policy may shift from time to time, depending on the country’s level of economic development. Adequate financing and monetary policy become an unavoidable component in every economy sector, including the agricultural sector. The results of the ARDL analysis carried out on the relationship between monetary policy and the performance of agricultural sector of Nigeria economy revealed that credit financing and monetary policy significantly affected agricultural output in Nigeria (Adj. R2 = 0.998; Wald Stat = 4.69; ρ = 0.00). Agricultural credit guarantee scheme had significant weak positive effect on Agricultural output (β = 0.0006, t-test = 15.08, ρ = 0.00); credit to the agricultural sector had an insignificant weak negative effect on Agricultural output (β = -0.03, t = -1.16, ρ = 0.26); exchange rate has a weak positive and significant effect on Agricultural output (β = 39.9, t = 20.27, ρ = 0.00); inflation rate has a strong positive and significant effect on agricultural output (β = 25.5, t = 3.12, ρ = 0.01); real interest rate has a strong positive and significant effect on agricultural output (β = 34.67, t = 2.86, ρ = 0.00). It was evidenced in this study that regulation of credit funding and monetary policy factors would enhance the agricultural productivity, increases food supply and promotes growth in the economy.

The Role of Internet on Agricultural Sector Performance in Global World

The Internet is considered to be an important factor in accelerating economic growth. There is a statistic regarding the inline of higher economic growth with higher Internet access. However, the impact of the Internet on agriculture as a real sector regarding its contribution on economic growth has not been explored in detail. The purpose of this study is to analyze the global effect of the Internet on agricultural sector performance. Static panel regression was used in this study by involving 126 countries using data from World Bank Open Data (2012–2019). Extended analysis was employed by applying the regression into two classifications, namely, countries by continent and the country composition of World Economic Outlook (WEO) groups. The result of this study shows that there exists a positive and significant global effect from Internet users, fixed broadband subscriptions, and secure Internet servers on agricultural sector performance. Additionally, the positive effect of Internet variables on agriculture was only found in Africa, Asia, and Oceania. In the country composition of WEO groups, there existed a positive and significant effect of Internet users and fixed broadband subscriptions on agricultural sector performance in economies classified as emerging and developing. This implies that the role of the Internet on agriculture is relatively higher in developing countries. Therefore, policymakers in Africa, Asia, Oceania, and emerging and developing economies (WEO Groups) must consider the role of Internet to improve agricultural sectors.

Trade Facilitation and Agriculture Sector Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa: Insightful Policy Implications for Economic Sustainability

This study investigates the impact of trade facilitation though costs, documents, and time to import and export—on agricultural sector performance (ASP) for a panel of 33 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries from 2005 to 2019. The empirical analysis is based on a dynamic system of generalized method of moments. The following findings are established. First, higher import costs, documents, and time significantly improve ASP, while exports negatively impact ASP. Second, while import costs promote trade in agricultural products through substitution effects, export costs impede it. Third, among other factors, improvements in human capital, gross fixed capital formation, population growth, and trade openness significantly improve agricultural sector performance. Fourth, the results of the robustness check further emphasize the importance of TF on ASP from various dimensions. The study concludes that improving TF procedures by reducing costs, documents, and time in cross-border trade remains crucial to boosting agriculture sector performance in SSA.

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE RESPONSE OF AGRICULTURE TO GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES IN NIGERIA (1981-2019)

Over the years, the federal government introduced a number of policies and programmes aimed at increasing production and productivity as well as making Nigeria self-sufficient in food production. This study was aimed at establishing whether or not the series of agricultural policies formulated and implemented since 1981 in Nigeria has significantly improved the performance of the Nigerian agricultural sector. To achieve the objectives of this study, policies and programmes implemented from 1981 to 2019 were categorised into 4 based on the period of formulation and implementation: 1981-1986 period, 1987-1998 period, 1999-2015 period and the period 2015 – 2019. Time series data on the GDP of the agriculture sector in Nigeria for the period 1981-2019 were collected and used as proxies for the performance of the Nigerian agriculture sector. Dummy variables representing each of the four aforementioned periods were defined and used as independent variables. Multiple regression was used to analysed the collected data. Findings of the study revealed that only the series of agricultural policies and programmes implemented in the last 2 of the 4 periods had significant and positive effect on the performance of the Nigerian agricultural sector. It is recommended that further studies into the response of Nigerian Agriculture to the policies formulated and implemented in the period 1981-1998 should be undertaken by agricultural economists to shed more light. Key words: agriculture, policy, programmes, performance, production, productivity, Nigeria

MONETARY POLICY AND AGRICULTURAL SECTOR PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA: A GRANGER CAUSALITY APPROACH

Purpose: The agricultural sector provides a formidable basis for the Nigeria’s economic diversification. To achieve this in the short-run, to start with, the use of appropriate monetary policy instruments is indispensable. Hence, this study examined the short-run causality between monetary policy and agricultural sector performance. Methodology: Time series data for the study were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria between 1981 and 2020. The monetary policy instruments in the model were money supply (MS), monetary rediscount rate (MR), exchange rate (ER), prime lending rate (PR) and agricultural sector implicit price deflator (ASI) while agricultural sector performance was proxied by the gross domestic product for the sector. After first differencing, the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test confirmed the stationarity of the variables. Optimal lag selection-order recommended four lags. The vector autoregressive model, pairwise Granger causality test and Wald coefficient test were used to show the robustness and validation of the causality test. Findings: The result shows that the t-statistics of LnMS (2.70), LnMR (3.00), LnER (2.05) and LnPR (3.53) were statistically significant (p<0.05), suggesting bidirectional relationship between monetary policy and agricultural sector performance. There was a unidirectional causality running from LnASI to LnASG. It was concluded that monetary policy Granger-caused agricultural sector performance in the short-run. Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: The study recommended that monetary authorities should note that that changes to MS, MR, ER, PR and ASI would affect ASG and vice versa in the short-run as well as the overall macroeconomic growth; and policy decisions that are aimed at altering ASG would affect MS, MR, ER, PR.

ICT and agricultural sector performance: empirical evidence from sub-Saharan Africa

ICT infrastructure is considered crucial to performance and overall development of many sectors in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Yet, there exists insufficient evidence on the effect of ICT on agriculture real output and export performance in the African continent. This study investigates the effect of ICT infrastructure on agriculture sector performances in SSA using panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. Panel data were collected over the period of twenty-three (23) years (1995–2017) in 39 SSA countries. Two models were specified using agricultural value addition and agriculture products as a percentage of total merchandise export as dependent variables. Key independent variables include mobile-cellular telephone subscription and individual using the internet. The study also introduced important control variables such as livestock production index and crop production index. The results from the estimation provide substantial evidence to show that ICT infrastructure has positive externality on agricultural sector performances in the long run. However, there is no evidence to maintain this position in the short run. The study, therefore, recommends that there should be a cautious approach to increasing investment in ICT infrastructure. Provision of in ICT infrastructure alone may not automatically improve agricultural output. Thus, there is a need for extension services to propagate and educate farmers on the importance of continuous adoption of ICT infrastructure for agricultural practices in SSA.

Performance of Agricultural Sector in Bali

Agriculture plays a multifunctional role in a district’s development. Bali is an Indonesian province that uses rustic regions as a gateway to the agricultural sector, which supports the tourism industry. In 2020, this sector was responsible for 15% of Bali’s gross domestic product, ranking second among 17 sectors (the sector of providing convenience, food and drink took the lead at 18%). The purpose of this review was to plan the development typology of the sector and assess the variables causing changes in the agricultural sector’s impact in the Bali region. The investigation was focused on the Bali area, and it was completed with the intention of examining expansions in agrarian land in Bali. Klassen typology and ISM were used in the research. The farming, ranger service, and fisheries areas were placed in quadrant II as a result of this review. According to the ISM analysis, land conversion, reduced water discharge, and the decline in productivity of farmers affect the agricultural sector’s performance in the short term; the budget for the agricultural sector, agricultural subsidies, and the synergy between agriculture and tourism affect the agricultural sector’s performance in the medium term. Meanwhile, the application of new technology, the existence of subak, the marketing system’s orientation, and the strengthening of the agricultural agroindustry are all important long-term factors. As a result, increasing the agricultural sector’s growth can be accomplished by establishing an industry for processing raw materials, integrating regional regulations and awig-awig, and providing appropriate incentives for farmers.
 Keywords: agricultural sector, the existence of subak, awig-awig

Investigating the performance of agricultural sector on well-being: New evidence from Burkina Faso

Burkina Faso’s economy is based mostly on agriculture. Despite this sector’s substantial contribution to economic development, the majority of the population continues to live below the poverty line, and poverty is even more pronounced in rural areas where subsistence farming is the main source of income. The present research intends to assess the effects of the agriculture sector on the wellbeing of society in Burkina Faso from 1970 to 2017 using a Vector Autoregressive technique. The results reveal that agriculture sector has an adverse influence on well-being in both short- and long-run when household consumption expenditure (HCE) used as a proxy of well-being. While this sector uncovered a productive impact on well-being measured by education (EDU) in both short- and long-run. An increase in the agriculture value-added induces an extend in the short-run and a reduction in the long-run of life expectancy (LEXP) in the Burkina Faso. The variance decomposition results show that the agricultural sector will contribute about 57.33% to explain variation in the household final consumption expenditure while industry and service sectors will only contribute about 2.03% and 4.42% respectively. However, the value-added from the industrial sector affects significantly (47.37%) the variation of life expectancy at birth in Burkina Faso. In addition, Granger’s causality test has demonstrated a unidirectional causal impact from agriculture value-added to household income. The same causal links were also discovered, respectively from the agricultural and service sectors to life expectancy. This study emphasizes the necessity to concentrate stakeholders including farmers, policymakers and experts on agri-business strategies and programs, investment in farm commodity processing in the growing country concerned. The farmers may thus change from subsistence to agri-business, therefore accelerating the industry’s growth and creating more jobs for the working population and diversifying the country's household income sources.

Impacts of the use of biological pest control on the technical efficiency of the Brazilian agricultural sector.

This paper aimed to assess the impact of the intensive use of biological control on the technical efficiency of the Brazilian agricultural sector. The study also considered the influence of factors such as technical assistance, rural financing, and membership in cooperatives or class entities on efficiency measures. It was estimated stochastic production frontiers for regions intensively using and not using biological control, considering potential selection bias. Results demonstrate that areas with intensive use of biological pest management have a 0.863 technical efficiency score, while this score is 0.823 for nonintensive areas. This means that the intensive regions would be closer to their efficiency frontiers. Additionally, technical assistance and membership in cooperative or class entities increase efficiency by 6 and 2.5%, respectively. It can be concluded that the intensive adoption of biological control can raise the productive performance of the Brazilian agricultural sector. Therefore, it must be highlighted the importance of formulating joint policies (e.g., credit+rural extension) for the adoption of biological control to be a feasible option to promote the sustainable development of the Brazilian agricultural sector.

Determinants of ICT Tools Accessibility by Farmers in Bihar

The economy of a developing country like India is mostly dependent on performance of agriculture sector, and its growth highlights the need of transferring relevant timely information to farmers. Information and communication technology (ICT) plays an important role in this regard. India is progressively using ICT into its national development strategy and implementing tactics for widespread promotion in order to develop the country into a knowledge-rich, e-learning society. Present study was conducted during the year 2019 to determine the degree of access and use of ICTs by farmers and its determinants covering a random sample of 100 farmers in Katihar and Samastipur districts of Bihar. Majority of farmers were young and educated up to high school, mostly accessed mobile phone amongst the ICT tools. Farmers’ diversified occupation, education, annual income, farming system/allied agricultural activities, mass media exposure, and extension contact were positively and significantly correlated with accessibility of ICT tools. Regression model revealed that selected farmers’ attributes explained about 61 per cent variation in accessibility of ICT tools by the farmers.

Impact of agricultural sector investment development on national economic output

This study aims to capture the investment performance of the agricultural sector in capital formation and the incremental capital output ratio (ICOR) and its relative contribution to the national economy in the 2011-2020 period. ICOR research method is the ratio of changes in output due to changes in capital as an indicator to measure investment performance. The research data used is secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The results of the study show that the investment performance of the food crop agricultural sector has fluctuated throughout 2011-2020. The impact of the policy on the agricultural sector was generally positive, but in that vulnerable year, investment leakage was found that led to efficiency. The cause of the leakage is the behaviour of rent-seeking which is reflected in the time leading up to the elections, namely in 2014 and 2018 with the leakage rate of the investment budget in that year being very high, namely 74.09% and 84.50%, respectively. The year 2012 was marked by an ICOR value close to 0 (zero) accompanied by the growth and performance of the agri-food sector of 12.80%. In 2013 and 2015 the performance of the food crop sector contributed to the economic growth of the food crop sector by 8.65% and 15.78%. Unfortunately, the potential for loss of income in that year was very high, namely Rp. 8.16 trillion and Rp. 17.45 trillion, respectively. The best period for the performance of the food crop agricultural sector occurred in the rent-seeking behaviour that occurred in 2 motives, namely political and economic motives. Political motives occur through the mechanism of the backing system and lobbying. The economic motive is caused by the emergence of transaction costs for the distribution of subsidized fertilizers so that it leads to an increase in the HET for subsidized fertilizers.

OIL REVENUE AND THE PERFORMANCE OF THE NIGERIAN AGRICULTURE SECTOR (1981-2019)

Over the years, several authors have attributed the decline in Nigerian agricultural production to the massive inflow of oil revenue that resulted from the discovery of crude oil. This paper sought to investigate the relationship between oil revenue and agricultural sector in a bid to find answers to the question “was the performance of the Nigerian agricultural sector affected by the quantum of oil revenue received by the country?” Secondary data for the period 1981-2019 were collected and analysed. Regression analysis was used to achieve the objectives of the study. Highlights of the findings of the study revealed a highly significant (P-value of 0.000) relationship between oil revenue and the performance of agriculture sector and the forestry sub-sector; highly significant (P-value of 0.003) inverse relationship between oil revenue and the performance of livestock sub-sector and no significant relationship between the oil revenue and the performance of the crop production and fishing sub-sectors in Nigeria over the study period.