Strategy Performance Measurement Research Articles

Assessing the Effect of Performance Appraisal on Employee Productivity in Organzations; A Study of Chikankata Town Council, Kafue Gorge Training Centre and Riverside Farm Institute

The study assessed the effects of Performance Appraisal on Employee Productivity in organizations; A study of Chikankata Town Council, Kafue Gorge Training Centre and Riverside Farm Institute. The objectives were to determine the effects of performance appraisal on employee’s productivity in an organization. The results obtained from the study would generate insight that would assist organizations in developing effective performance measurement strategies for it would enable the organizations to identify and develop guidelines that would enhance effective staff appraisal that would improve staff performance and for academicians and scholars, the study findings would be beneficial to forming the basis for future research on the subject, providing a critical examination of the field. The study used qualitative research design. A stratified proportion sampling was employed to obtain a suitable unit representative of analysis with the target population of 310 employees from three (3) different institutions namely; Chikankata Town Council, Riverside Institute and Kafue Gorge Training Centre. The study was anchored on expectancy theory. The study targeted the population of 310 staff based in Chikankata District with the sample size of 45 employees. The researcher used the interview guide and focus group questions as the data collection instruments that was pilot tested using 15 staff based in Chikankata District. The data was analysed by use of Microsoft excel. Specifically, means, averages and percentages were employed by the researcher. The data analysis tools were simple tabulations and presentations of the report using spreadsheets. The data is presented using tables, charts and graphs. The findings indicated that performance appraisal is important because the process offers organizations a valuable opportunity to measure how each staff in relations to previously established standards and expectations. The study recommends that Managers, supervisors and employees should be involved in the planning process of performance appraisal and the Performance appraisal policy should be easily accessible to all members of staff and performance appraisal process in the organization should be more transparent and rational.

BUILDING THE RESEARCH PRACTICE PARTNERSHIP TO PROMOTE CONTINUOUS QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IN ADULT PROTECTIVE SERVICES

Abstract Maryland’s Department of Human Services, Office of Adult Services developed a multiyear plan to strengthen Adult Protective Services. This plan included the development of a partnership between OAS and the University of Maryland School of Social Work to develop, implement and sustain a Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) review process for Adult Services Programs (APS) to improve outcomes for vulnerable, elderly, and disabled adults. This paper focuses on partnership development between state government and university researchers to engage collaboratively in continuous quality improvement and intervention efficacy evaluation. Challenges and strategies for building logic models, developing performance measurement strategies, translating existing administrative data into research ready formats, and engaging stakeholders at the state level and in local departments of social services will be discussed. Key challenges included, staffing issues, technology, access to administrative data, and inadequate system resources to engage in research. Strategies for overcoming these challenges will be discussed.

Developing a construct to measure contractor project manager performance competencies

PurposeConstruction organizations' investment in effective talent-development programs is a key strategy in attracting, developing and retaining staff. Such programs are especially important given the current challenges in the construction workforce, including labor shortages, an aging workforce, generational differences in the workforce, supply chain disruptions and the need to effectively train staff in the skills that are essential in a constrained labor environment. To address these challenges, this study proposes a performance measurement strategy that construction companies can use as input to design their talent development programs.Design/methodology/approachThe strategy intends to assess the performance of project managers and develop criteria that define categories of their performance, including the top performers' category. This enables construction organizations to provide each project manager with individualized training that addresses areas of weakness and in turn, develops the skills that correspond with being top performers. The proposed strategy was developed and tested by surveying the immediate supervisors of 187 project managers working for general and specialty contractors in the United States. Principal component analysis was used to develop a single performance construct from seven performance criteria.FindingsThis construct was used to organize the project managers into the categories of top, above-average and below-average performers. According to the findings, top-performing project managers have well-rounded skills in the areas of leadership, communication, technical proficiency and overall job knowledge.Practical implicationsThe outcomes of this study can help construction organizations focus their talent-development programs on the skills most associated with PMs being top performers.Originality/valueThis study provides construction organizations with a comprehensive performance-measuring construct to focus their talent-development programs on the skills most associated with top-performing project managers. Researchers can use this study as a foundation for further understanding how performance is related to various construction professions.

Study on the Integration Strategy of Online EOL Testing of Pure Electric Vehicle Power Battery.

This paper analyzes the electrical test items of the EOL testing line in automotive manufacturers. On this basis, this paper proposes and designs an integrated and automated testing strategy to deal with the problems of slow testing speed, high dependence on manual labor and low efficiency. This article mainly analyzes the various tests of the two main tests in battery EOL testing: Battery Management System (BMS) testing and electrical testing. We propose an innovative integrated solution based on various testing items, including the reception, transmission, and self-analysis of different UDS protocol messages, a unique automated electrical performance measurement scheme, and a requirement and logic design of an integrated software end based on Python. The experimental results of actual testing show that the implementation of the integrated strategy greatly reduces the complexity of the testing steps, improves the testing efficiency, and reduces errors caused by human operation.

A Literature Review on Developing A Project Performance Measurement Strategy for Construction Project

This project aims to develop a project performance measurement strategy for construction projects using Objectives and Key Results (OKRs) methods. Construction projects are complex and involve multiple stakeholders, tasks, and objectives. Therefore, it is crucial to have a robust performance measurement strategy in place to ensure that the project is completed on time, within budget, and with the desired quality. This literature review aims to analyses the existing research on developing a project performance measurement strategy for construction projects. The review will cover topics such as the objectives of project performance measurement, the challenges in measuring project performance, the methods for developing a performance measurement strategy, and the key performance indicators (KPIs) used in the construction industry. Additionally, the review will examine the application of the Objectives and Key Results (OKR) method for project performance measurement and its effectiveness in the construction industry. The literature review will provide valuable insights into the best practices for developing a project performance measurement strategy for construction projects, and will be useful for project managers, researchers, and practitioners in the construction industry.

Bridging the gap: Building environmental, social and governance capabilities in small and medium logistics companies

Nowadays, the popularity of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance measurement has dramatically increased, particularly to listed companies, for supporting various investment decisions. Companies with high ESG scores imply that their ongoing business development is recognised to be economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable. From the current ESG measurement practice, the measurement frameworks are built on rating schemes, such as KLD and ASSET4, so as to derive the ESG scores for listed companies. However, such existing measurement frameworks are difficult to be implemented in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) with unstructured and non-standardised business data, especially in logistics and supply chain management (LSCM) practice. In addition, it is inevitable for listed companies to work with SMEs, for example logistics service providers, but they need a systematic framework to source the responsible SMEs to maintain the ESG performance. To address the above industrial pain-points, this study proposes an ESG development prioritisation and performance measurement framework (ESG-DPPMF) by means of the Bayesian best-worst method enabling the group decision-making capability to prioritise the ESG development areas and formulate the performance measurement scheme. Through consolidating the opinions from logistics practitioners, it is found that fair labour practice, reverse logistics and human right in supply chains are the most essential areas to further enhance ESG capabilities in the logistics industry. In addition, the viability of the ESG performance measurement has been validated, and thus the sustainable and human-centric logistics practice can be developed to achieve business sustainability.

Selecting\xa0contextually appropriate performance indicators in a circumpolar context: a modified Delphi approach

BackgroundMeaningful performance measurement requires indicators to be scientifically robust and strategically focused. For many circumpolar states, indicators aligned with national strategies may ignore the priorities of northern, remote, or Indigenous populations. The aim of this project was to identify contextually appropriate performance indicators for maternity care in circumpolar regions.MethodsFourteen maternity care and health systems experts participated in a modified Delphi consensus process. The list of proposed indicators was derived from a previously published scoping review. Fourteen participants rated each proposed indicator according to importance, circumpolar relevance, validity, and reliability and suggested additional indicators for consideration.ResultsConsensus was achieved after two rounds, as measured by a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.87. Eleven indicators, many of which represented physical health outcomes, were ranked highly on all four criteria. Twenty-nine additional indicators, largely focused on social determinants of health, health care responsiveness, and accessibility, were identified for further research. Travel for care, cultural safety and upstream structural determinants of health were identified as important themes.ConclusionsThis study identified the important gaps between current performance measurement strategies and the context and values that permeate maternal-child health in circumpolar regions. The indicators identified in this study provide an important foundation for ongoing work. We recommend that future work encompass an appreciation for the intersectoral nature of social, structural, and colonial determinants of maternal-child health in circumpolar regions.

An integrated multi-stage fuzzy inference performance measurement scheme in humanitarian relief operations

Performance based measurement models and systems in humanitarian supply chains require inputs derived from decision-makers’ and practitioners’ experience. Past knowledge related to performance indicator are generally qualitative and imprecise. Existing humanitarian performance measurement systems are largely theoretical and do not consider qualitative and imprecise information in their assessment of humanitarian relief operations. This paper aims to address a practical approach to the performance measurement of humanitarian operations by recognizing the need for multi-dimensional performance evaluation while dealing with imprecision and uncertainty in evaluation processes. A hierarchical multi-stage Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) was developed to address imprecise and uncertain performance indicators. Performance indicators were clustered into four Balanced Scorecard (BSC) type categories. A prototype was developed using MATLAB toolbox. The FIS scheme was tested and validated by practitioners from leading international humanitarian organizations in Malaysia. The scheme facilitated performance analysis and provided insights into operational areas that need further improvements. The proposed FIS scheme enable decision-makers to address imprecise and fuzzy information more objectively.

Measuring the Performance of Bank Loans under Basel II/III and IFRS 9/CECL

In the last two decades, both internal and external risk management of banks have undergone significant developments. Banking supervision encourages banks to use a risk-based approach for computing minimum regulatory capital. Accounting rules have been tightened requiring more timely loss reserves for impaired loans. In this article, we propose a comprehensive scheme for calculating the profitability of a loan that could be used both for setting risk-based interest rates when originating a loan and for accurately determining the profitability of existing clients. The scheme utilizes the credit models developed for regulatory purposes and takes the impact of regulation on loan performance into account. We show that accounting loan loss provisions cannot be applied in a performance measurement scheme because they do not reflect the true economic loss. In addition, we demonstrate that it is crucial to measure loan performance over the full life cycle of a loan. Restricting profitability measurement to a time horizon of one year as often observed in practice could be misleading. Although our focus is on profitability measurement, the framework could be applied in a wider context, i.e., for macroeconomic stress tests, bank balance sheet projections, capital management, or evaluating the impact of securitizing parts of a bank’s loan portfolio.

Delegation of Stocking Decisions Under Asymmetric Demand Information

Problem definition: We consider the incentive design problem of a retailer that delegates stocking decisions to its store managers who are privately informed about local demand. Academic/practical relevance: Shortages are highly costly in retail, but are less of a concern for store managers, as their exact amounts are usually not recorded. In order to align incentives and attain desired service levels, retailers need to design mechanisms in the absence of information on shortage quantities. Methodology: The headquarters knows that the underlying demand process at a store is one of J possible Wiener processes, whereas the store manager knows the specific process. The store manager creates a single order before each period. The headquarters uses an incentive scheme that is based on the end-of-period leftover inventory and on a stock-out occasion at a prespecified inspection time before the end of a period. The problem for the headquarters is to determine the inspection time and the significance of a stock-out relative to leftover inventory in evaluating the performance of the store manager. We formulate the problem as a constrained nonlinear optimization problem in the single period setting and a dynamic program in the multiperiod setting. Results: We show that the proposed “early inspection” scheme leads to perfect alignment when J equals two under mild conditions. In more general cases, we show that the scheme performs strictly better than inspecting stock-outs at the end and achieves near-perfect alignment. Our numerical experiments, using both synthetic and real data, reveal that this scheme can lead to considerable cost reductions. Managerial implications: Stock-out-related measures are typically not included in store managers’ performance scorecards in retail. We propose a novel, easy, and practical performance measurement scheme that does not depend on the actual amount of shortages. This new scheme incentivizes the store managers to use their private information in the retailer’s best interest and clearly outperforms centralized ordering systems that are common practice.

Measuring the Performance of Bank Loans Under Basel II / III and IFRS 9 / CECL

In the last two decades, both internal and external risk management of banks has undergone significant developments. Substantial investments into data collection have been made and this data is used for estimating internal credit risk models. The resulting risk parameters are required for various regulatory purposes. Banking supervision encourages banks to use a risk-based approach for computing minimum regulatory capital. Accounting rules have been tightened requiring more timely loss reserves for impaired loans. In this article, we propose a comprehensive scheme for calculating the profitability of a loan that could be used both for setting risk-based interest rates when originating a loan and for accurately determining the profitability of existing clients. The scheme utilizes the credit models developed for regulatory purposes and takes the impact of regulation on loan performance into account. We show that accounting loan loss provisions cannot be applied in a performance measurement scheme because they do not reflect true economic loss. In addition, we demonstrate that it is crucial to measure loan performance over the full life cycle of a loan. Restricting profitability measurement to a time horizon of one year as often observed in practice could be misleading.

Shortcomings and benefits in idle capacity control of Industries in Villavicencio

SMEs make up the largest business fabric in Colombia and contribute to the development of the economy, therefore, they have an implicit obligation to be competitive at the national and international level, assuming different challenges, including the implementation of international financial reporting standards, wherefore they require studies that provide performance measurement strategies that allow them to respond to the needs of their environment, as is the case of industries and the effective management of their production costs. Therefore, the objective of this research set out to determine the shortcomings and benefits in the control of idle capacity under the International Financial Reporting Standards— IFRS for SMEs section 13, in the industries of Villavicencio. The methodology used was the case study, and the information was obtained through a structured interview applied to the owners. The results show the shortcomings that arise when financial processes and organizational processes work in a disarticulated manner on the control of idle capacity. They also show the benefits of investing in strategic management tools for cost optimization, leading to the achievement of institutional objectives.

An integrated AHP-based scheme for performance measurement in humanitarian supply chains

PurposeIn recent years, several performance indicators have been proposed in humanitarian supply chains (HSCs). Selecting the most relevant key performance indicators (KPIs) is challenging for some humanitarian organizations (HOs) because it involves a considerable amount of complexity and information overload which could lead to judgment biases in the decision-making process. Existing performance measurement studies lack critical analysis for prioritization of performance indicators. Since the process of KPIs selection and categorization is a complex, domain based and subjective process, a systematic guideline is needed. To address this gap, the purpose of this paper is to propose an integrated performance measurement scheme that can consolidate KPIs into an overall performance score based on the weighting of the performance indicators in HSCs.Design/methodology/approachData collection was based on questionnaire surveys and direct interviews with practitioners from international HOs.FindingsThis paper proposes an integrated scheme based on balanced scorecard and analytic hierarchy process for performance evaluation of HOs.Research limitations/implicationsThe respondents were limited to the humanitarian logistics experts from Malaysian-based international HOs.Practical implicationsThe scheme enables the benchmarking of HOs’ performance that could be useful for decision makers in HSCs.Originality/valueThis paper provides the ranking and prioritization of KPIs in HSCs. The approach presented in this paper enables an effective and integrated performance measurement in HSCs.

Teamwork in healthcare: Key discoveries enabling safer, high-quality care.

Few industries match the scale of health care. In the United States alone, an estimated 85% of the population has at least 1 health care encounter annually and at least one quarter of these people experience 4 to 9 encounters annually. A single visit requires collaboration among a multidisciplinary group of clinicians, administrative staff, patients, and their loved ones. Multiple visits often occur across different clinicians working in different organizations. Ineffective care coordination and the underlying suboptimal teamwork processes are a public health issue. Health care delivery systems exemplify complex organizations operating under high stakes in dynamic policy and regulatory environments. The coordination and delivery of safe, high-quality care demands reliable teamwork and collaboration within, as well as across, organizational, disciplinary, technical, and cultural boundaries. In this review, we synthesize the evidence examining teams and teamwork in health care delivery settings in order to characterize the current state of the science and to highlight gaps in which studies can further illuminate our evidence-based understanding of teamwork and collaboration. Specifically, we highlight evidence concerning (a) the relationship between teamwork and multilevel outcomes, (b) effective teamwork behaviors, (c) competencies (i.e., knowledge, skills, and attitudes) underlying effective teamwork in the health professions, (d) teamwork interventions, (e) team performance measurement strategies, and (f) the critical role context plays in shaping teamwork and collaboration in practice. We also distill potential avenues for future research and highlight opportunities to understand the translation, dissemination, and implementation of evidence-based teamwork principles into practice. (PsycINFO Database Record

The influence of evaluation recommendations on instrumental and conceptual uses: A preliminary analysis

Evaluation recommendations are sometimes included in evaluation reports to highlight specific actions to be taken to improve a program or to make other changes to its operational context. This preliminary study sought to examine evaluation recommendations drawn from 25 evaluation reports published by Canadian federal government departments and agencies, in order to examine the evaluation issues covered and the focus of the recommendations. Our results show that in keeping with policy requirements, the evaluation recommendations focused on program relevance, effectiveness and efficiency and economy. Furthermore, a significant number of recommendations also focused on the implementation of more rigorous performance measurement strategies. The focus of the recommendations did not vary by publication date, recommendation type, and organizational sector. The findings also show that for the most part, the management responses produced as part of the broader evaluation process support the recommendations included in the report and identify specific timelines for implementation.

Assessing what police officers do “on the job”: toward a “public values” approach

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the results of a test in a policing context of a performance assessment tool that is based on a “public values” approach. The Capability, Importance, and Value (CIV) Tool allows police organizations to examine the roles their members carry out to determine whether they are being capably done, are important, and deliver value to stakeholders.Design/methodology/approachFive focus groups were conducted with front line officers from a large Canadian police service. The focus group process incorporated elements of Appreciative Inquiry and Structured Brainstorming.FindingsValuable information can be collected from front line police officers with the CIV Tool. Police organizations could use this information to improve performance while ensuring that the roles undertaken by their members align with broader organizational goals and objectives including providing value to stakeholders.Research limitations/implicationsThis study was designed as a limited test of the CIV Tool. More extensive testing is required with a larger sample that includes police investigators and members of other specialty units.Practical implicationsThe CIV Tool can serve to augment existing police performance measurement strategies. It can help to identify which roles contribute to achieving organizational goals and which do not. Based on this information, ameliorative action can be taken.Social implicationsA “public values” approach places emphasis on stakeholder needs and expectations. Addressing these directly can result in enhanced performance as well as greater police transparency, responsiveness, and accountability.Originality/valueOngoing police performance assessment based on a “public values” approach is uncommon in policing. Its use has important implications for police organizations and their stakeholders.

Performance Measurement Methodologies and Metrics for Vibration Energy Scavengers

This paper deals with measurement methodologies for establishing indicators and metrics in order to assess the performance of vibration energy scavengers. The measurement method proposed here is based on the analysis of the flow of energy through several sections of the harvester, which sometime can include complex architectures and nonlinear phenomena. It is worth noting that the proposed solution is applicable not only to linear transducers in presence of periodic vibration source, as mainly proposed in the literature, but also to nonlinear harvester with its conditioning architectures/circuits and in presence of both stochastic and periodic sources. In this context, all the features have been studied from a generalized point of view which can be applied to study a wide range of Lead Zirconate Titanate-based architectures also exploring the effect of parameters variation, transducer architecture, and its consequence in terms of output performance as function of the kinetic input energy parameters. In particular, we outline a new metric addressing the limits of current solutions which the focus on a specific prototype composed of a single transduction element. This paper develops, from theory, a metric for analyzing the implementation of a performance measurement strategy and, in order to experimentally validate this methodology, considers four case studies, which represent the most popular architectures of scavengers proposed in the literature. The metric is first introduced, than the principle of the transducers under analysis is presented, analytical models have been developed, then, numerical analyses have been performed and the obtained behaviors have been validated from an experimental point of view, including characterization and performance evaluation; a comparison as respect the current figure of merits, applied in a specific device, has also been accomplished highlighting the suitability of the proposed methodology.

Implementation of policy initiatives to foster public sector innovation in Malaysia: the need for measurement

The emergence of public sector innovation in the last two decades has been an important aspect of the solution for pressing global economic and social problems. There is rapidly growing interest for measuring innovation in the public sector as part of the goal to improve its overall performance. In the context of Malaysia, the public sector has been dedicated to fostering innovation through the implementation of various policy initiatives. Despite this dedication, there remains a lack of measurement strategies for public sector innovation performance. The existing performance measurement strategy mostly focuses on efficiency and object centric, while the current focus of performance measurement in leading governments such as the United Kingdom, European Union and Australia is shifting towards measuring the effectiveness and capability of public innovation to deliver expected public values. This situation established a critical need for a holistic approach in measuring Malaysian public sector innovation performance, through the implementation of subject-based innovation performance measurement. The existence of such a measurement will be able to provide indicator of achievement, as well as valuable insights to support policy formulation processes, debates and the evaluation of existing policy initiatives.

The economic value and clinical impact of the South Australian Health Library Service 2011–2016

This is a case study of how one Australian state’s health department library service is attempting to measure the economic value and clinical impact of its professional services and online resources. The case study describes the context in which performance measurement strategies were devised and gives examples of key performance indicators being applied to evaluate library services in a manner comprehensible to the senior management of the parent organization.

Canada’s northern food subsidy Nutrition North Canada: a comprehensive program evaluation

ABSTRACTBackground: Nutrition North Canada (NNC) is a retail subsidy program implemented in 2012 and designed to reduce the cost of nutritious food for residents living in Canada’s remote, northern communities. The present study evaluates the extent to which NNC provides access to perishable, nutritious food for residents of remote northern communities.Design: Program documents, including fiscal and food cost reports for the period 2011–2015, retailer compliance reports, audits of the program, and the program’s performance measurement strategy are examined for evidence that the subsidy is meeting its objectives in a manner both comprehensive and equitable across regions and communities.Results: NNC lacks price caps or other means of ensuring food is affordable and equitably priced in communities. Gaps in food cost reporting constrain the program’s accountability. From 2011–15, no adjustments were made to community eligibility, subsidy rates, or the list of eligible foods in response to information provided by community members, critics, the Auditor General of Canada, and the program’s own Advisory Board. Measures to increase program accountability, such as increasing subsidy information on point-of-sale receipts, make NNC more visible but do nothing to address underlying accountability issuesConclusions: The current structure and regulatory framework of NNC are insufficient to ensure the program meets its goal. Both the volume and cost of nutritious food delivered to communities is highly variable and dependent on factors such as retailers’ pricing practices, over which the program has no control. It may be necessary to consider alternative forms of policy in order to produce sustainable improvements to food security in remote, northern communities.