Performance Measurement Methods Research Articles

The Use of the Internet of Things in the Distribution Logistics of Consumables

This research focuses on integrating Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in the field of distribution logistics of consumables, specifically on the optimization of dispensing through vending machines in a corporate environment. The primary goal was to identify IoT-based vending machine solutions that increase the work efficiency and cost-effectiveness of consumables distribution. In the first part, this paper focuses on the definition of IoT, and its current trends and development over time. With the help of the authors, we define the key aspects of its use in practice, and we also focus on establishing critical security points. We evaluate its impact on the industry, where there is currently a great pressure for automation and robotization of production, as a result of which the labor market is experiencing a major transformation of job positions from executive to technologically creative ones. Using the performance measurement method, this study established key performance indicators (KPIs), which we then collected and, through thorough research, determined the basis for setting the future state. Using the method of technological innovation, we prepared prototypes of the vending machine, which were then placed at the customer’s location for a 3-month trial period using the method of technological demonstration. During the trial period, key performance indicators were collected again using the performance measurement method, and we then evaluated them using the comparison method. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in the cost of consumables and a simultaneous increase in employee efficiency. These results underline the potential of IoT technologies in the field of distribution logistics for consumables. The research points to the advantages and perspectives of using the Internet of Things in the business environment, especially in the field of distribution logistics.

Impact of Strategic Audit on Enhancing the Efficiency of the Internal Control System: A Study of Industrial Companies in Iraq

The study aims to provide a general and brief introduction to the audit process, demonstrate traditional and modern performance measurement tools and methods that are compatible with strategic auditing, and provide a conceptual framework for strategic auditing and the internal control system. And the relationship between them. It helps the concerned establishments increase their performance and achieve their goals in light of the results of the study. The research sample consisted of the General Company for Textile Industries in Iraq, which is the Baghdad Laboratory, the Nineveh Laboratory, the Diwaniyah Laboratory, and the Babylon Laboratory (according to the SPSS statistical program). The purpose of the study was to know the extent to which industrial companies in Iraq apply strategic audit mechanisms, what their impact is on the internal control system in companies, and how to benefit from the application of these strategies in the audit process. The study found a relationship between the efficiency and effectiveness of strategic auditing and improving the efficiency of the internal control system. Increasing the efficiency of the internal control system using the strategic audit method. The study recommended implementing the strategic review system effectively to benefit from its advantages in increasing the efficiency of the internal control system in companies in general and industrial companies in particular and trying to use advanced techniques to measure the internal control system.

Perancangan Sistem Pengukuran Kinerja dengan Metode Balanced Scorecard pada Perusahaan Banija Jatu

Banija Jatu is an individual company engaged in the herbal management industry located at Jl. Ibrahin Adjie No. 16, Indihiang, Tasikmalaya City. Currently, Banija Jatu Company is faced with an increasing number of complaints over the past five years. Meanwhile, the performance measurement that is owned only pays attention to the financial aspect and is not comprehensive to overcome these problems. Based on this, the company needs to formulate performance measurements that pay attention to financial and non-financial aspects. One of the performance measurement methods is the Balanced Scorecard which pays attention to four perspectives in the company. The design of the performance measurement itself begins by considering the internal and external conditions of the company through the SWOT method to formulate a strategy based on the company's vision and mission. From the strategy is derived into strategic goals which are then formulated Key Performance Indicator (KPI). Each level of importance is weighted on each indicator using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The perspective that has the greatest weight is the customer perspective with a percentage of 48.4%. The last stage is the preparation of a performance measurement table

Implementation of Balanced Scorecard to Achieve The Company's Strategic Objectives

The company's strategic objectives play a vital role in directing the company towards the desired achievement and planning the steps to achieve it. Clarity of corporate objectives supported by commitment to them can lead to significant performance improvements, in contrast to providing objectives that are vague or too general. The process of achieving these goals involves monitoring through performance measurement. One effective performance measurement method is using the Balanced Scorecard, which combines financial and non-financial aspects of the company. The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of the Balanced Scorecard to achieve the company's strategic goals. The research method used is qualitative, with data collection techniques through literature studies. The collected data were then analyzed through three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the use of Balanced Scorecard (BSC) can effectively assist the company in achieving its strategic goals. Good linkages between financial, customer, internal business, and growth and learning perspectives can produce optimal performance both in terms of financial and non-financial aspects for the company. The BSC approach focused on improving company performance not only encourages improvement in financial aspects, but also becomes the basis for evaluating the company's strategy to achieve continuous improvement.

A Review of Over-the-Air Testing Methods for Performance Measurement of Antennas and Devices in Communication Systems

With the fast development of communication techniques, over-the-air testing has developed into the main testing method for current communication systems due to its advantages including no cable connection, high measurement efficiency, and independence from environment. OTA testing has become almost the only solution for 5G system testing especially after the popularity of 5G massive multiple-input-multiple-output. In this paper, we summarize the three main methods of OTA testing including the reverberation chamber-based method, the radiation two-step method, and the multiprobe anechoic chamber- (MPAC-) based method, among which we focus on the MPAC method systematically. In the MPAC method, there are two main channel synthesis techniques that have been heavily studied, namely, prefaded signal synthesis and plane wave synthesis. We summarize the current main research based on these two techniques including probe configurations, probe selection algorithms, and probe design based on the PFS technique and the design of plane wave generators based on PWS technique. The main comparisons are made for the performance of different probe selection algorithms and the performance of different plane wave generators as well as the latest advances.

PELATIHAN CARA MENGUKUR KINERJA TENAGA PENJUALAN

The strategic role of salespeople in achieving success in selling company products cannot be underestimated. Improving the performance of salespeople is crucial, with the hope that it can make a significant contribution to increasing sales volume and achieving predetermined goals. The focus of this community service activity is to provide assistance to business owners so that they have a deep understanding of sales force performance measurement methods, enabling business owners to optimize their sales. The partner selected for this community service project is a honey business with the brand "Madu Pakcik" located in Jambi. Initial observations of the partner showed a major problem related to sales force performance measurement in the context of partner sales. Therefore, this PKM activity is implemented through an online training method using the Zoom Meeting platform. This training aims to provide partners with a comprehensive understanding of the key aspects of measuring sales force performance. Hopefully, with the knowledge gained through this activity, partners can significantly improve the quality and number of their sales. In addition to providing training, this activity also produces outputs in the form of scientific publications submitted to relevant journals as well as Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). Thus, this project not only has an impact on improving partner performance in practical terms, but also contributes to scientific knowledge and innovation in the field of sales force performance measurement.

Locomotor-cognitive dual-tasking in children with developmental coordination disorder.

Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) demonstrate deficits in predictive motor control and aspects of cognitive control compared with their typically developing (TD) peers. Adjustment to dynamic environments depends on both aspects of control and the deficits for children with DCD may constrain their ability to perform daily actions that involve dual-tasking. Under the assumption that motor-cognitive integration is compromised in children with DCD, we examined proportional dual-task costs using a novel locomotor-cognitive dual-task paradigm that enlisted augmented reality. We expect proportional dual-task performance costs to be greater for children with DCD compared to their TD peers. Participants were 34 children aged 6-12 years (16 TD, 18 DCD) who walked along a straight 12 m path under single- and dual-task conditions, the cognitive task being visual discrimination under simple or complex stimulus conditions presented via augmented reality. Dual-task performance was measured in two ways: first, proportional dual-task costs (pDTC) were computed for cognitive and gait outcomes and, second, within-trial costs (p-WTC) were measured as the difference on gait outcomes between pre- and post-stimulus presentation. On measures of pDTC, TD children increased their double-limb support time when walking in response to a dual-task, while the children with DCD increased their locomotor velocity. On p-WTC, both groups increased their gait variability (step length and step width) when walking in response to a dual-task, of which the TD group had a larger proportional change than the DCD group. Greater pDTCs on motor rather than cognitive outcomes were consistent across groups and method of dual-task performance measurement. Contrary to predictions, our results failed to support dramatic differences in locomotor-cognitive dual-task performance between children with DCD and TD, with both groups tending to priorities the cognitive over the motor task. Inclusion of a within-trial calculation of dual-task interference revealed an expectancy effect for both groups in relation to an impending visual stimulus. It is recommended that dual-task paradigms in the future continue to use augmented reality to present the cognitive task and consider motor tasks of sufficient complexity to probe the limits of performance in children with DCD.

Is the performance of shares in the stock market affected by monetary policy change and the transmission channel of exchange rate? - The case of Turkey

In this study, in case that the objectives are price and financial stability, it is investigated whether the transmission channel based on exchange rate due to changes in monetary policy affects the performance of shares due to external debt stock. Borsa Istanbul is chosen as the stock market and the performance of nine sectors is examined during the high and low foreign exchange rate periods due to monetary policy change. The performance of the sectors is defined by portfolio performance measurement methods, and the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) analysis based on entropy is used for multi-criteria decision making. It is concluded that the monetary policy change affects the performance of the sectors, which constitutes a substantial proportion of external debt stock.

Need for a new test method for determining the acoustic performance of road traffic noise reducing devices

Noise reducing devices such as sound barrier walls are common ways to mitigate traffic noise problems in residential areas next to arterial roads or railways. The basic performance of noise reducing devices is sound insulation and absorption. However, the existing measurement methods are not adequate for characterizing sound insulation and absorption performances of noise reducing devices. The sound insulation measurement method is different from the actual installation condition of the noise reducing devices that transmit the sound to the free field, and the sound absorption coefficient measurement method does not include the transmitted sound energy. This study raised the problem of the current acoustic performance measurement method of noise-reducing devices and arises the need for a new measurement method to complement it.

Developing a systematic performance measurement framework for benchmarking steel modular building construction

PurposeModular construction is an innovative method that enhances the performance of building construction projects. However, the performance of steel modular construction has not been systematically understood, and the existing measurement methods exhibit limitations in effectively addressing the features of steel modular building construction. Therefore, this study aims to develop a new performance measurement framework for systematically examining the performance of steel modular construction in building projects.Design/methodology/approachThis study was conducted through a mixed-method research design that combines a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art practices of construction performance measurement and a case study with a 17-story steel modular apartment building project in Hong Kong. The case project was measured with data collected from the project teams and other reliable channels, and the measurement practices and findings were referenced to establish a systematic performance measurement framework for steel modular construction.FindingsConsidering steel modular construction as a complex socio-technical system, a systematic performance measurement framework was developed, which considers the features of steel modular construction, focuses on the construction stage, incorporates the views of various stakeholders, integrates generic and specific key performance indicators and provides a benchmarking process. Multifaceted benefits of adopting steel modular construction were demonstrated with case study, including improved economic efficiency (e.g. nearly 10% cost savings), improved environmental friendliness (e.g. approximately 90% waste reduction) and enhanced social welfare (e.g. over 60% delivery trips reduction).Originality/valueThis paper extends the existing performance measurement methods with a new framework proposed and offers experience for future steel modular construction. The measured performance of the case project also contributes in-depth understanding on steel modular construction with benefits demonstrated. The study is expected to accelerate an effective uptake of steel modular construction in building projects.

Digital Marketing Logic, Mechanism, Strategy and Evaluation

Digital marketing is a marketing method based on digital technology and internet platforms. In recent years, with the popularity of mobile Internet and the development of social media, digital marketing has attracted more and more attention from enterprises and organizations and has become one of the important means to promote consumer purchases, enhance brand recognition and increase sales. This paper systematically expounds the underlying logic, mechanism, and strategy of digital marketing, reveals the important role of digital marketing in enterprise marketing, and provides theoretical and methodological support for digital marketing-related research. In addition, the paper proposes the selection and use of performance measurement tools and methods, and how digital marketing can optimize and enhance performance. At the same time, given the future development trend and problems of digital marketing, this paper puts forward some measures and suggestions, which provide a valuable reference for the practice of digital marketing in enterprises.

Pengukuran Kinerja pada Departemen Produksi Amonia 1B PT. Petrokimia Gresik Berbasis Metode Balanced Scorecard

This study aims to determine the performance of the Ammonia Plant of PT Petrokimia Gresik using the Balanced Scorecard method to provide an alternative performance measurement system that can provide an understanding to management about the company's performance appropriately and thoroughly. The Balanced Scorecard method is one of the performance measurement methods that reviews company performance not only from the Financial side, but also Non-Financial. The performance index of the PT Petrokimia Gresik Ammonia Plant in 2020 is 1,891 and in 2021 it is 1,892, this means that overall the PT Petrokimia Gresik Ammonia Plant has decreased by 0.001.

Comprehensive performance evaluation and sensitivity analysis method of a cutter-changing robot for a large-diameter shield machine

Cutter-changing robot is a new product to automatically replace the cutter in shield machine, whose performance is affected by multiple criteria with diversity, multiplicity and correlation, which is a complex multiple criteria decision-making problem with limited and fuzzy available information. This paper proposes a comprehensive performance evaluation model including the performance indicator hierarchy, weight determination, measurement and assessment methods of indicators and sensitivity analysis. Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) is applied to identify the construction requirements from external shield machine and environment and design characteristics in the whole cutter-changing process, weight for 3 first-level indicators and 14 s-level indicators are determined. The objective evaluation indexes measured by instrumentation and subjective evaluation indexes quantified by fuzzy logic are normalized within the range of 0–1. The scores and proportion of assessment grade for each indicator at each level are obtained through Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (FCE). Furthermore, the sensitivity of weight and evaluation data on performance evaluation result are deeply analyzed. The applicability and validity of the proposed approach were demonstrated by a case study of a cutter-changing robot made by China Railway Construction Heavy Industry Co., Ltd. According to the result, operational capacity is the most important criteria in the first level, and cutter grasping ability is the most important indicator in the second level. Path planning ability is the weakest indicators. Cutter grasping ability and time of replacement are the most critical affecting factors. The proposed method not only helps the designers capture the weak indicators accurately and improve the design quality, but also provides engineers with a holistic perspective to the cutter-changing robot before actual application.

A Design and Its Application of Multi-Granular Fuzzy Model with Hierarchical Tree Structures

This paper is concerned with the design of a context-based fuzzy C-means (CFCM)-based multi-granular fuzzy model (MGFM) with hierarchical tree structures. For this purpose, we propose three types of hierarchical tree structures (incremental, aggregated, and cascaded types) in the design of MGFM. In general, the conventional fuzzy inference system (FIS) has problems, such as time consumption and an exponential increase in the number of if–then rules when processing large-scale multivariate data. Meanwhile, the existing granular fuzzy model (GFM) reduces the number of rules that increase exponentially. However, the GFM not only has overlapping rules as the cluster centers become closer but also has problems that are difficult to interpret due to many input variables. To solve these problems, the CFCM-based MGFM can be designed as a smaller tree of interconnected GFMs. Here, the inputs of the high-level GFMs are taken from the output to the low-level GFMs. The hierarchical tree structure is more computationally efficient and easier to understand than a single GFM. Furthermore, since the output of the CFCM-based MGFM is a triangular fuzzy number, it is evaluated based on a performance measurement method suitable for the GFM. The prediction performance is analyzed from the automobile fuel consumption and Boston housing database to present the validity of the proposed approach. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed CFCM-based MGFM based on the hierarchical tree structure creates a small number of meaningful rules and solves prediction-related problems by making them explainable.

Refining Web-Based Job Search through Goal-Directed Design Improvement

This study aims to improve a job search web application that not only addressed usability problems but also surpassed user expectations. A recently released job search web application was found to have usability problems during interviews with the Information Technology division. To measure the usability of the application and provide recommendations for improvement, the study uses the Goal-Directed Design framework, Performance Measurement method, and System Usability Scale measurement method. The evaluation was conducted twice, with the first assessment identifying problems and the second evaluation measuring the effectiveness of the recommendations made. The website prototype was developed and passed all test scenarios with an A+ grade. The modifications make important level of effectiveness, achieving an A+ grade with an 85% effectiveness rate. Furthermore, the website received exceptional user satisfaction, with an A+ rating and a score of 85.5 in usability satisfaction.

Reclaiming the contingent nature of the determinants of salesperson performance: an extended meta-analysis

Professional selling has been transformed over the last decade and is in constant flux. Fundamental changes have occurred in how best to achieve salesperson performance and how to measure it. In this article, we present a meta-analysis of the determinants of salesperson performance using 150 studies, 936 raw effects, and ten moderating variables captured from 2009 to 2020. Our findings enable us to identify 19 key determinants of performance and to classify these within a sales determinant continuum, ranging from universal, to context-specific to necessary but insufficient predictors of performance. Our results show the significant influence the operationalization of salesperson performance has on the relationship between sales determinants and performance outcomes. Our study offers more nuanced guidelines for sales management practice than previous studies and suggests a greater alignment between research sampling and performance measurement methods to further our understanding of sales performance going forward.

Binocular Vision-Based Method Used for Determining the Static and Dynamic Parameters of the Long-Stroke Shakers in Low-Frequency Vibration Calibration

The long-stroke shaker is essentially required for the calibration of low-frequency vibration transducers, whose performance parameters have significantly impact on the calibration accuracy. The accurate measurement of these parameters is the prerequisite to establish a reliable vibration metrology and traceability system. Currently, an optical collimator or a reference accelerometer is applied to get the static parameter, the laser interferometry or tri- axial sensor-based method is used to obtain the dynamic parameters. However, the former relies on an extra device which increases the complexity and cost of calibration system, and the latter is always difficult to accomplish the accurate and efficient measurement of these parameters. In this study, a binocular vision-based long-stroke shaker performance measurement method is investigated, which has ability to determine the static and dynamic parameters simultaneously during the calibration. This vision method obtains the shaker's bending by measuring the inclinations at the different positions of its guideway, and achieves the amplitude characteristic, distortion, repeatability as well as transverse ratio measurements by accurately acquiring the spatial displacements at different frequencies. Comparison experiments with the two commonly used inclination esti- mation methods, and the laser interferometry and sensor- based method demonstrate that the investigated method is able to get the satisfactory accuracies both for the static and dynamic parameters of long-stroke shaker in vibration calibration.

The Evaluation of Usability and Website Development using Cognitive Walkthrough, Performance Measurement, and System Usability Scale

The website of Social Affairs, Empowerment, and Child Protection in Bali is one of the information media used to fulfill one of the Service's requirements in implementing the Law on Public Information Disclosure. The initial observation results showed that there has never been a usability evaluation related to the website. In addition to this, according to an initial survey of 55 respondents from the general public and service information technology staff, the results obtained were (1) 69% of respondents stated that the website for the Office of Social Affairs, Women's Empowerment and Child Protection of the Province of Bali had an unattractive appearance, (2) as many as 67% of respondents stated that the website was still not good at placing and writing menus, (3) 67% of respondents stated that the website could not provide comfort when browsing, and (4) 95% of respondents stated that the display and contents of website content were still lacking and need to be developed. Based on the results of the interviews and surveys conducted, it is necessary to carry out an evaluation to find out more about the development of the website for the Bali Provincial Office of Social Affairs, Women's Empowerment and Child Protection. Therefore an evaluation was carried out on the website of Social Affairs, Women's Empowerment, and Child Protection of Bali using the Cognitive Walkthrough, Performance Measurement, and System Usability Scale (SUS) evaluation techniques. The research resulted in the following conclusions. (1) The website development for the Provincial Office of Social Affairs, Women's Empowerment, and Child Protection uses the Incremental method to produce a website with a more dynamic and modern appearance but still minimalist so that it does not interfere with the view of the website visitors and remains focused on content so that it is comfortable to view and read. (2) The performance measurement method evaluation results showed that the website is included in the effective and efficient category. The results showed that the working time for the beginner and the proficient group was short, the average for the proficient group was 17.4 seconds, and the beginner was 17.56 seconds. (3) Recommendations from the results of the usability evaluation of the Bali Provincial Office of Social Affairs, Women's Empowerment, and Child Protection using the Cognitive Walkthrough method are included in the successful category. Research showed that 100% of respondents completed the task scenario perfectly without any failures or errors. (4) Satisfaction of website users, when evaluated using the SUS method, gets an average score of 92.36 which is above the standard score of 68, so it can be concluded that respondents are very satisfied using the website for Social Affairs, Women's Empowerment and Child Protection of the Bali Province.

Developing a project performance assessment model for benchmarking the project success of Indian construction projects

PurposeIn recent times, there has been a lot of research focused on performance measurement (PM) in project-based sectors. However, there are very few studies that were reported on the significance of PM in the construction sector. Keeping track of an organization in achieving organizations goals and objectives seems an important way. One of the major challenges faced by the industry is unavailable of an appropriate PM system for assessing organizational performance. Most of the PM approaches consider the traditional project triangle assessment of project success. Based on the limitations identified in existing PM models, the purpose of this paper is to develop a comprehensive PM model, i.e. Modified Project Quarter Back Rating (MPQR) applicable for construction projects.Design/methodology/approachA detailed list of performance areas as a method for PM is analyzed in the construction industry context. Also, industry-specific professionals conducted semi-structured interviews to assess whether these performance areas are sufficient to measure and understand the PM systems.FindingsThe research finding focuses on developing the MPQR model that considers both financial and non-financial areas for performance assessment to provide a holistic assessment of project performance.Practical implicationsMPQR model provides an opportunity to set the benchmark for overall performance for construction organizations.Originality/valueThe findings of the study are expected to provide guidelines to construction professionals for implementing the performance model that will improve performance in the construction industry.

Optical performance measurement methods for whole slide imaging devices employing a Bayer color imager

Whole slide imaging (WSI) is a widely used digitalization technique to record microscopic images of a whole-stained tissue sample on a glass slide. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) provides guidelines for methods used to evaluate various WSI devices. However, the designated evaluation methods for guidance are not always optimal. To this end, novel inspection methods are proposed, which fulfill the requirements of FDA guidance, and then deployed to evaluate the measurement accuracy of our laboratory-built WSI device that employs a 2D Bayer imager. The proposed methods demonstrably evaluate distortion, chromatic aberration, and field curvature with the required precision.