Performance Evaluation Process Research Articles

A quantitative analysis of the security of PoW-based blockchains

AbstractThis study analyzes the security implications of Proof-of-Work blockchains with respect to the stale block rate and the lack of a block verification process. The stale block rate is a crucial security metric that quantifies the proportion of rejected blocks in the blockchain network. The absence of a block verification process represents another critical security concern, as it permits the potential for invalid transactions within the network. In this article, we propose and implement a quantitative and analytical model to capture the primary operations of Proof-of-Work blockchains utilizing the Performance Evaluation Process Algebra. The proposed model can assist blockchain designers, architects, and analysts in achieving the ideal security level for blockchain systems by determining the proper network and consensus settings. We conduct extensive experiments to determine the sensitivity of security to four aspects: the number of active miners and their mining hash rates, the duration between blocks, the latency in block propagation, and the time required for block verification, all of which have been shown to influence the outcomes. We contribute to the findings of the existing research by conducting the first analysis of how the number of miners affects the frequency of stale block results, as well as how the delay in block propagation influences the incentives received by rational miners who choose to avoid the block verification process.

Fire Blackbox Control for Public Marketing

This paper presents the system for Fire Blackbox control in Public Marketing. When information is required following a fire incident, investigators or police might use the smart black box system to collect information. The black box system is used to continuously record, temperature, smoke, and other data. The information is then stored in a storage device. We are able to examine, track, and evaluate fire situations. In this paper, we propose a novel concept termed "Fire Black Box Control" (FBBC) tailored specifically for public marketing spaces. FBBC integrates cutting-edge sensing technologies, data recording, and data analytics. We present a comprehensive framework for implementing FBBC, encompassing sensor deployment strategies, data processing techniques, decision-making algorithms, and performance evaluation methodologies. Through extensive simulations and analysis, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed FBC approach in mitigating fire risks and ensuring regulatory compliance in public marketing spaces

The Assessment of the Overall Lifetime Performance Index of Chen Products with Multiple Components

Process capability indices are widely utilized to evaluate process performance and drive continuous improvements in quality and productivity. Among these indices, the the-larger-the-better lifetime performance index is particularly noteworthy. For products with multiple components, an overall lifetime performance index is used, since it is a monotonically increasing function of the overall conforming rate and the relationship with each individual lifetime performance index can be determined. For products with the lifetime of the ith component following the Chen distribution, we investigate the maximum likelihood estimator for the overall lifetime performance index and the individual lifetime performance index based on the progressive type I interval censoring sample. Their asymptotic distributions for all lifetime performance indices are also derived. Once the target level for the overall lifetime performance index is specified, the desired level of individual lifetime performance index can be specified. By using the maximum likelihood estimator as the test statistic, a testing procedure to test whether the overall lifetime performance index has reached the target level is developed. The power analysis of the testing procedure is shown with figures, and some findings are summarized. At last, we use one practical example with two components to demonstrate how to implement this testing algorithmic procedure to test if the overall production process has reached the pre-assigned target level.

Evaluation on photocatalytic activity of bismuth nitrate derived materials at different calcination temperatures using paper microzones method

Our work reveals for the first time that directly calcined bismuth nitrate derivatives (BNDs) possess significant photocatalytic activity towards rhodamine B (RhB). As the calcination temperature increased, the Bi(NO3)3·5H2O powder gradually ruptured and transformed into different bismuth nitrate products and their mixtures, finally into stable α-Bi2O3 at 500 °C. Among them, BNDs-100 could achieve 100 % photocatalytic degradation of 10 mg/L RhB solution under UV irradiation for 6 min. The ImageJ-led paper microzones (PMZs) method is introduced for the first time into the performance evaluation process of photocatalysts, which can achieve the green chemistry pathway and the rapid evaluation of different catalysts. The accuracy of the results of the PMZs method relative to the spectrophotometric method was up to 91.14 %, which has a better reliability and is suitable for qualitative analysis, and a certain ability when used for quantitative analysis. The results showed that the PMZs method was used to assess the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B by bismuth nitrate-derived materials at different calcination temperatures with well reliability, and the preparation of BNDs by direct calcination was a simple and effective strategy.

Process comparison and performance evaluation of different entrainers for pressure swing extractive distillation refining gasoline additives based on multi-objective optimization and process intensification

As a new gasoline additive, methyl tertiary amyl ether (TAME) can improve the antiknock performance and quality of gasoline. This study uses an energy-saving process for separating TAME/methanol (MeOH)/H2O by pressure-swing extractive distillation with different entrainers based on multi-objective optimization and 4E analysis. The 1entrainers are screened by the difference in relative volatility of components under different entrainer conditions, and the electrostatic potential of the molecular surface of the system and entrainers are analyzed. Multi-objective optimization of the pressure swing extractive distillation process with 5 different entrainers is carried out based on the generation non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-Ⅱ) optimization scheme, and the Pareto frontier is optimized by the minimum distance method. The results indicate that the extraction schemes of 1,3-propanediol (PDO) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) have excellent economic and environmental benefits through comprehensive analysis. As an effective means of process intensification, the application of heat pump technology can further reduce process costs and environmental pollution. The coefficient of heating performance (COP) is used to find the most suitable pairing route for heat pump-assisted processes, achieving the goal of reducing gas emissions and energy use. Then, different processes are evaluated in terms of economy, energy consumption, environment, and exergy loss. The results show that the process intensification scheme based on heat pump technology can effectively improve the economic and environmental benefits of the process, reducing the annual total cost (TAC) and gas emissions by 9.19% and 23.55%, respectively. This study provides the selection and reference for azeotrope separation of TAME and recycling of wastewater.

Performance management systems in startups: an analysis of stages of development and catalyst factors

PurposeThis study aims to understand the manifestation and adherence of performance management system (PMS) components in Brazilian startups, concurrently considering the different stages of development and catalyzing factors.Design/methodology/approachWe gathered data through semi-structured interviews with founders and C-level executives from 19 startups. We used an inductive and exploratory method to spot patterns and differences through content analysis, aiming for a contextual understanding of startup PMS manifestation.FindingsWe analyzed the PMS of each startup, highlighting the consistency and differences among PMS components in each stage, considering the value proposition, goals, performance perspectives, monitoring indicators, action plans and performance evaluation processes. We also observe various catalyst factors that played an important role in accelerating the early development of the PMS in each stage.Practical implicationsThis study provides a practical understanding of the meaning of each PMS component maturity that could be applied to startups in different stages and the catalyzing factors that played an important role in accelerating the initial development of PMS, providing practitioners with a holistic and situated context approach.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies to provide empirical evidence on the manifestation and adherence of different components of the PMS in Brazilian startups, considering concurrently the organizational life cycle and existing catalyzing factors to the reality of these organizations.

Performance evaluation of full-scale façades: design support tools

The research identifies an innovative process for the performance assessment of façades. Starting from the harmonised technical specifications, it defines a Method Statement that considers the responses to climate change in progress. This document, drawn up based on know-how gained as a result of experiments conducted on façade components, was created as a support tool for the National Technical Assessment body-TAB. The methodology is deductive with an interdisciplinary approach applied to testing activities in its obligatory and experimental aspects. The research is based on process innovation, performance evaluations and quality controls of the project from a constructive-environmental perspective.

Once through continuous mode electrocoagulation for tannery wastewater remediation: Process optimization and performance evaluation

The treatment of wastewater from tannery industries poses significant challenges due to high levels of tannic acid and chemical oxygen demand (COD), along with low biodegradability. To address this issue, we conducted a study focusing on the use of Electrocoagulation (EC) as a treatment process for synthetic tannery wastewater. Iron (Fe) electrodes have been used as anode and cathode as well. The electrodes size (7 cm × 7 cm) has been used in this process. The investigation of removal efficiencies entailed the assessment of total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) as indicators of organic contaminant levels within the wastewater. The influence of current density, pH, flowrate, and time on the treatment was measured. At a current density of 51 A/m2 with 83.54 % of COD removal and 27 % of TOC removal were observed. The maximum COD removal was found at pH 4.93, flowrate 5 ml/min, current 0.953 A and time 115 min. The current investigation demonstrated the efficacy of the electrocoagulation process in reducing both total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels in synthetic tannery wastewater.

The Role of the Balanced Scorecard in Strategic Cost Management and Strategic Performance Evaluation (An Applied Study in the Middle East Investment Bank)

The balanced score card technique is among the modern strategic techniques in the field of cost and administration that aims to evaluate the strategic performance of economic units due to their reliance on financial and non-financial indicators. Therefore, this research aims to highlight the role of the balanced scorecard technique in evaluating strategic performance compared to the traditional systems that are used in this field, as the latter rely on financial indicators only. The research reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is that the balanced scorecard technique plays a major role in evaluating strategic performance, surpassing the performance evaluation process that is carried out under traditional systems related to this matter, whose scope of work is narrow because it relies only on financial indicators. Therefore, the most important recommendations of the research indicate the importance of the balanced score card technique in evaluating strategic performance in light of the developments taking place in business. The Iraqi economic units suffer from a lack of interest in applying modern techniques related to cost and administrative accounting, including the balanced score card.

Improving Quality of Administration Process in HEIs: Professional Competence Perceived by Academic Staff in Ukraine

Abstract Research purpose. The research purpose of this paper was to explore the evaluation of skills by academic staff to improve the quality of the administration process in higher education institutions (HEIs) from two perspectives. Firstly, the authors investigated whether there are statistically significant differences between the genders of academic staff in higher education institutions regarding the evaluation of their skills and competencies. Secondly, the study aimed to determine if there are statistically significant differences in competencies perceived between academic staff of STEM sciences and those with academic experience in other sciences in terms of assessing their professional competencies. The purpose was determined by the impact of self-assessment of professional competencies on the improvement of administrative processes. Design / Methodology / Approach. The survey, using the authors` developed questionnaire, was distributed in Ukraine from 2019 to 2023. 374 respondents were surveyed. To test hypotheses, the authors employed the Mann-Whitney U test for gender-related hypotheses and the Kruskal-Wallis test for hypotheses related to the area of scientific and academic activities. Findings. Due to the analysis carried out in the present research, the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test showed that there is no statistically significant difference between the gender groups and their professional competencies evaluation, which leads to the rejection of the first hypothesis. The second hypothesis was also rejected, as based on the Kruskal-Wally’s test there is no statistically significant difference between the perception of the professional competencies among the academic staff of STEM and other sciences. Originality / Value / Practical implications. Unlike other studies, this research specifically focuses on the differences between the self-assessment-based perceptions by genders and STEM sciences academic staff compared to representatives of other branches of science at HEIs in Ukraine. The practical value is achieved by the research thus ensuring administrative staff with defined competencies and self-assessment criteria. The research findings then will allow us to link competencies to administration processes and offer training and development opportunities based on identified competency gaps. The feedback mechanism might be established based on the research data and these self-assessment results might be incorporated into the performance evaluation processes, thus improving the quality of the educational process and its administration in HEIs. Practical implications are related to the state and period of the research, due to the present war in Ukraine.

Supervisor Impact on Employee Careers: The Role of Rating Differentiation

ABSTRACT Organizations invest heavily in supervision to increase the competitive advantage of their human capital. Although recent studies show that supervisors add value in general, it is not well understood what specific supervisory behaviors are relevant for employee career outcomes. To that end, this study explores the performance evaluation process and focuses on supervisors’ evaluation behavior. Interpreting a supervisor’s tendency to differentiate as a way of advancing employee development, I provide theory-consistent evidence revealing the relevance of differentiation for employee career outcomes. Using proprietary archival data, I demonstrate that differentiation relates positively to employees (1) performing more successfully in a new position upon promotion, (2) receiving a promotion to the next position, and (3) remaining in the organization. Therefore, this study presents novel and relevant evidence on the importance of specific supervisory behaviors in establishing effective human capital management practices.

Analysis of The Performance Appraisal & Bonus Payments at Real Ispat

The goal of the research project "Analysis of The Performance Appraisal & Bonus Payments at Real Ispat" is to examine the complex workings of performance assessment systems and how they affect worker satisfaction, productivity, and motivation. Acknowledging the pivotal function that incentive payments and performance reviews play in molding organizational results, this study attempts to offer a thorough examination of these mechanisms in the context of Real Ispat, a prominent participant in the steel production industry. This study's primary goal is to examine how performance reviews affect workers' motivation and output. Performance reviews are meant to provide workers input on how they perform at work, point out their areas of strength and weakness, and establish goals for the future. This study investigates the relationship between these evaluations and workers' incentive to improve performance and total output. Through gathering information from workers at different levels, the study seeks to measure how much performance reviews impact employee engagement and productivity, which in turn boosts the effectiveness and production of the company. Finding out how employees feel about and are satisfied with the performance evaluation process is the second goal. The success of the system depends heavily on how fair, transparent, and successful the assessment process is by the workforce. This survey looks at how Real Ispat employees feel about the assessment process, whether they think it's fair and impartial, and if they're happy with how often these appraisals are done. Since these impressions have a direct influence on employee morale, engagement, and retention, it is important to understand them. Evaluating the efficacy of Real Ispat's present performance evaluation system is the third goal. This entails determining whether the system of appraisals successfully identifies top performers and appropriately represents the work performance of employees. The study also looks at the impact that appraisals have on career development and how they help define reasonable and attainable performance goals. It also looks for areas where the assessment system needs to be improved in order to better fit with employee expectations and company goals. The study uses a mixed-method approach, integrating quantitative and qualitative data-gathering approaches, to accomplish these goals. Likert scale surveys are used to collect quantifiable information about worker productivity, satisfaction, motivation, and views. To obtain qualitative insights into employees' experiences and ideas for improvement, focus groups, and in-depth interviews are held. It is anticipated that the study's conclusions will give Real Ispat's management insightful information that will help them improve their processes for incentive payments and performance reviews. The organization may improve employee motivation, contentment, and productivity by implementing focused interventions after determining the present strengths and weaknesses of these systems. This study also adds to the larger body of knowledge on performance reviews by presenting best practices that other companies may use and providing actual data from the manufacturing industry. Finally, the "Analysis of The Performance Appraisal & Bonus Payments at Real Ispat" hopes to establish a standard for other businesses looking to optimize their performance assessment procedures in addition to improving Real Ispat's internal operations. This research aims to promote a more driven, productive, and contented workforce—which will eventually drive corporate success and growth—through thorough analysis and practical recommendations. Submit Research Paper Submit Research Paper Publication Procedure Publication Ethics Call for Papers Publication Topics Guidelines Disclamiar Copyright Infragmentation FAQ Terms and Conditions Digital Object Identifier Editorial Board Health Care+ Download Manuscript Template Copyright Form Sample Certificates

Sustainable light olefins synthesis via CO2 hydrogenation: Comparative exergetic, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental analyses

CO2-to-olefins (CTO) technology has emerged as a worthy solution for green olefin production and greenhouse gas emissions mitigation. However, most of the present researches focus on the development of high-performance catalysts, while few of them devote to the process design and performance evaluation. Hence, this study proposed three candidate CTO processes via methanol-mediated, direct and indirect FTS-based routes. Based on the rigorous modeling and simulation, exergy-based (i.e., exergetic, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental) analyses were conducted to quantify the overall exergy dissipation, economic cost, and environmental impacts. More specifically, we carefully assessed and compared their comprehensive performances from the system-level, and discern the origins and formation of economic cost and environmental impacts from the component level. As a result, the direct FTS-based process has the highest exergy efficiency of 68.65 %, while the indirect FTS-based process and the methanol-intermediated process exhibit the lowest unit exergoeconomic cost and exergoenvironmental impacts of 0.147 $/kW and 38.55 mPts/kW, respectively. In addition, some pertinent optimization suggestions were proposed to enhance the systems’ thermodynamic efficiency, economic and environmental benefits. Overall, this study offers crucial insights into the thermodynamic irreversibility, economic viability, and environmental sustainability of the proposed CTO systems, propelling the frontiers of future sustainable olefin production.

Direct Determination of Absolute Radical Quantum Yields in Hydroxyl and Sulfate Radical-Based Treatment Processes.

The absolute radical quantum yield () is a critical parameter to evaluate the efficiency of radical-based processes in engineered water treatment. However, measuring is fraught with challenges, as current quantification methods lack selectivity, specificity, and anti-interference capabilities, resulting in significant error propagation. Herein, we report a direct and reliable time-resolved technique to determine at pH 7.0 for commonly used radical precursors in advanced oxidation processes. For H2O2 and peroxydisulfate (PDS), the values of •OH and at 266 nm were measured to be 1.10 ± 0.01 and 1.46 ± 0.05, respectively. For peroxymonosulfate (PMS), we developed a new approach to determine with terephthalic acid as a trap-and-trigger probe in the nonsteady state system. For the first time, the value was measured to be 0.56 by the direct method, which is stoichiometrically equal to (0.57 ± 0.02). Additionally, radical formation mechanisms were elucidated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The theoretical results showed that the highest occupied molecular orbitals of the radical precursors are O-O antibonding orbitals, facilitating the destabilization of the peroxy bond for radical formation. Electronic structures of these precursors were compared, aiming to rationalize the tendency of the values we observed. Overall, this time-resolved technique with specific probes can be used as a reliable tool to determine , serving as a scientific basis for the accurate performance evaluation of diverse radical-based treatment processes.

Multi-modal recommender system for predicting project manager performance within a competency-based framework.

The evaluation of performance using competencies within a structured framework holds significant importance across various professional domains, particularly in roles like project manager. Typically, this assessment process, overseen by senior evaluators, involves scoring competencies based on data gathered from interviews, completed forms, and evaluation programs. However, this task is tedious and time-consuming, and requires the expertise of qualified professionals. Moreover, it is compounded by the inconsistent scoring biases introduced by different evaluators. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to automatically predict competency scores, thereby facilitating the assessment of project managers' performance. Initially, we performed data fusion to compile a comprehensive dataset from various sources and modalities, including demographic data, profile-related data, and historical competency assessments. Subsequently, NLP techniques were used to pre-process text data. Finally, recommender systems were explored to predict competency scores. We compared four different recommender system approaches: content-based filtering, demographic filtering, collaborative filtering, and hybrid filtering. Using assessment data collected from 38 project managers, encompassing scores across 67 different competencies, we evaluated the performance of each approach. Notably, the content-based approach yielded promising results, achieving a precision rate of 81.03%. Furthermore, we addressed the challenge of cold-starting, which in our context involves predicting scores for either a new project manager lacking competency data or a newly introduced competency without historical records. Our analysis revealed that demographic filtering achieved an average precision of 54.05% when dealing with new project managers. In contrast, content-based filtering exhibited remarkable performance, achieving a precision of 85.79% in predicting scores for new competencies. These findings underscore the potential of recommender systems in competency assessment, thereby facilitating more effective performance evaluation process.

Assessing high‐quality process performance using the quality‐yield index: An innovative methodology

AbstractManufacturers must meet high‐quality standards and exceed customer expectations to stay competitive due to significant technological advancements in recent decades. While implementing the yield measure is useful for achieving process performance by focusing on products that fall within specified limits, it does not accommodate specific customer requirements, particularly when a product's quality characteristic deviates from target value. To address this need, the quality‐yield index (Q‐yield) has been proposed, which combines the process‐yield index and loss‐based capability index, providing a more advanced performance measure. However, the Q‐yield index's confidence interval is challenging to derive due to the complicated sampling distribution involved. Several existing methods have attempted to construct an approximate confidence interval but none have performed well. Therefore, this article proposes an innovative approach, called the generalized confidence intervals (GCIs), that utilizes the idea of generalized pivotal quantities to establish the confidence interval for the Q‐yield index. The proposed approach is evaluated through simulations and compared to existing methods. The results reveal that the proposed approach provides the most accurate results for constructing the lower confidence bound of the Q‐yield index. This approach is recommended to evaluate process performance using the Q‐yield index for high‐quality customer requirements.

Enhanced fabrication of size-controllable chitosan-genipin nanoparticles using orifice-induced hydrodynamic cavitation: Process optimization and performance evaluation

Chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) possess great potential in biomedical fields. Orifice-induced hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) has been used for the enhancement of fabrication of size-controllable genipin-crosslinked chitosan (chitosan-genipin) NPs based on the emulsion cross-linking (ECLK). Experiments have been performed using various plate geometries, chitosan molecular weight and under different operational parameters such as inlet pressure (1–3.5 bar), outlet pressure (0–1.5 bar) and cross-linking temperature (40–70 °C). Orifice plate geometry was a crucial factor affecting the properties of NPs, and the optimized geometry of orifice plate was with single hole of 3.0 mm diameter. The size of NPs with polydispersity index of 0.359 was 312.6 nm at an optimized inlet pressure of 3.0 bar, and the maximum production yield reached 84.82 %. Chitosan with too high or too low initial molecular weight (e.g., chitosan oligosaccharide) was not applicable for producing ultra-fine and narrow-distributed NPs. There existed a non-linear monotonically-increasing relationship between cavitation number (Cv) and chitosan NP size. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test indicated that the prepared NPs were discrete with spherical shape. The study demonstrated the superiority of HC in reducing particle size and size distribution of NPs, and the energy efficiency of orifice type HC-processed ECLK was two orders of magnitude than that of ultrasonic horn or high shear homogenization-processed ECLK. In vitro drug-release studies showed that the fabricated NPs had great potential as a drug delivery system. The observations of this study can offer strong support for HC to enhance the fabrication of size-controllable chitosan-genipin NPs.

Laser ablation of thin SiN x layer coated on silicon wafer—evaluation of process performance for PERC solar cell application

In fabricating passivated emitter and rear contact (PERC) solar cells, creating small openings on the SiN x coated silicon substrate to establish metal contacts necessitates using a nanosecond pulsed green laser for ablation. However, the thermal nature of laser ablation poses a challenge. Excessive nitrogen diffusion from SiN x into the silicon substrate can compromise the electrical performance of solar cells. Therefore, this study aims to comprehensively understand how laser parameters impact the electrical properties of such solar cells. PERC solar cell precursors were initially fabricated by ablating the SiN x layer at four laser fluences, each corresponding to different regimes: solid, liquid, vapor, and phase explosion. Subsequently, various optical, chemical, and electrical characterizations were conducted on the solar cell precursors. Complete PERC solar cells were also fabricated to measure quantum efficiency (QE). In the solid regime, SiN x removal is precise, with minimal thermal damage, resulting in a nitrogen concentration of approximately 0.15%. Photoluminescence count and carrier lifetime are notably higher by 21% in the solid regime compared to the explosive regime. The QE measurement at 984 nm quantitatively assesses rear-side recombination losses. Notably, 26% of the area exhibits a 56% QE in the solid state, while this number drops to around 22% in the explosive state. This decline can be attributed to increased thermal damage in the explosive regime, which augments recombination centers and diminishes the solar cell performance. PERC solar cells ablated in the solid regime showcase lower subsurface damage, superior electrical characteristics, and higher performance than those ablated in the explosive regime.

Evaluation of charging process performance of phase change material enhanced with a partially filled metal matrix: A numerical study

Phase change materials (PCMs) may be employed in thermal energy storage to bridge the gap between supply and demand for energy. The main obstacle to PCMs' broad adoption is their limited heat conductivity, leading to their rates of energy recovery and storage being sluggish. This work focuses on tackling this difficulty by adopting a honeycomb structure to improve the performance of a phase-change material using a two-dimensional numerical simulation of melting time. The thermal behavior of a two-dimensional rectangular thermal storage container with phase change material and a honeycomb structure HCS partly filled in the enclosure was the focus of the studies. The current work compares the thermal behavior during melting in a rectangular cavity filled with (Pure PCM alone, Bottom, and Top HCS configurations) that are exposed to a continuous heat source, both with and without natural convection. The solidification/melting module of the commercial CFD software ‘ANSYS Fluent’, which is based on the enthalpy-porosity model, permits modeling based on a transient calculation, making it feasible to examine the charging process of eicosane. For all three configurations, the evolution of the liquid fraction is represented. The storage unit's thermal performance is improved by the use of partially filled honeycomb structures (HCS), according to numerical findings. The optimal reduction in total melting time is attained through the implementation of a top-HCS arrangement, yielding a significant 11% enhancement when natural convection is neglected, while the inclusion of a honeycomb matrix enables only a 3% improvement for the bottom-HCS configuration. Moreover, outcomes reveal that natural convection minimizes melting time differences between the three studied configurations and expedites the process, notably benefiting the reference configuration compared to the two other scenarios. Furthermore, the outcomes demonstrate that natural convection reduces discrepancies in melting times among the three studied configurations and accelerates the charging process. The influence of natural convection is notably more significant for the reference case.

Processing Method and Performance Evaluation of Flame-Retardant Corrugated Sandwich Panel.

In this study, in order to expand the engineering application range of thermoplastic corrugated sheets, flame-retardant thermoplastic corrugated sheets were prepared by the thermoplastic molding method. Based on our previous research results, we prepared flame-retardant prepreg tapes with the flame retardant addition accounting for 15%, 20%, and 25% of the resin matrix. Then, we prepared flame-retardant thermoplastic corrugated sandwich panels with corresponding flame retardant addition amounts. The limiting oxygen index test, vertical combustion test, cone calorimetry test, and mechanical property test were carried out on each group of samples and control group samples. The results showed that when the flame retardant was added at 25%, the flame retardant level could reach the V0 level. Compared with the control group, the flexural strength and flexural modulus decreased by 2.6%, 14.1%, and 19.9% and 7.3%, 16.1%, and 21.9%, respectively. When the amount of flame retardant was 15%, 20%, and 25%, respectively, the total heat release decreased by 16.3%, 23.5%, and 34.1%, and the maximum heat release rate decreased by 12.5%, 32.4%, and 37.4%, respectively.