Time Performance Analysis Research Articles

EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN LPS PADA PROYEK KONSTRUKSI PEMBANGUNAN GEDUNG FASILITAS PENGEMBANGAN SKALA PILOT (GEDUNG NO 34) (STUDI KASUS: PEKERJAAN BORED PILE)

LPS is a project management system designed to control production in terms of project implementation schedules, aiming to enhance the relationship between work, performance, and productivity within a construction project. The object of this study was Building Project No. 34, which experienced delays in work on the lower structure, which caused delays in the duration of project implementation on subsequent work. In week 30, the project encountered delays in the lower structure work, resulting in a planned weight of 0.4920%, but the actual weight was only 0.4427%. Therefore, Building Project No. 34 tries to apply the LPS method, which is expected to improve project time performance. The study examines how LPS is used, what hinders it, and how to fix those issues in the No. 34 Building project. This study employed a questionnaire-based analysis of inhibiting factors and a time performance analysis. The results of the time performance analysis in week 30 were 0.3%, and in week 31 it was 0.2%. Using this planning simulation, the work could be completed on time or ahead of schedule (S Curve). There are a few things that make it hard to use LPS effectively: not having the right technical skills for it; believing that current technology is good enough that there is no need to implement LPS; not having clear standards and guidelines for its implementation; not being clear about each participant's roles, responsibilities, and functions; and lack of management involvement in providing motivation, training, and supervision, as well as discipline so that work is late.

Performance Analysis and Prediction of 5G Round-Trip Time Based on the VMD-LSTM Method

With the increasing level of industrial informatization, massive industrial data require real-time and high-fidelity wireless transmission. Although some industrial wireless network protocols have been designed over the last few decades, most of them have limited coverage and narrow bandwidth. They cannot always ensure the certainty of information transmission, making it especially difficult to meet the requirements of low latency in industrial manufacturing fields. The 5G technology is characterized by a high transmission rate and low latency; therefore, it has good prospects in industrial applications. To apply 5G technology to factory environments with low latency requirements for data transmission, in this study, we analyze the statistical performance of the round-trip time (RTT) in a 5G-R15 communication system. The results indicate that the average value of 5G RTT is about 11 ms, which is less than the 25 ms of WIA-FA. We then consider 5G RTT data as a group of time series, utilizing the augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) test method to analyze the stability of the RTT data. We conclude that the RTT data are non-stationary. Therefore, firstly, the original 5G RTT series are subjected to first-order differencing to obtain differential sequences with stronger stationarity. Then, a time series analysis-based variational mode decomposition–long short-term memory (VMD-LSTM) method is proposed to separately predict each differential sequence. Finally, the predicted results are subjected to inverse difference to obtain the predicted value of 5G RTT, and a predictive error of 4.481% indicates that the method performs better than LSTM and other methods. The prediction results could be used to evaluate network performance based on business requirements, reduce the impact of instruction packet loss, and improve the robustness of control algorithms. The proposed early warning accuracy metrics for control issues can also be used to indicate when to retrain the model and to indicate the setting of the control cycle. The field of industrial control, especially in the manufacturing industry, which requires low latency, will benefit from this analysis. It should be noted that the above analysis and prediction methods are also applicable to the R16 and R17 versions.

Time and cost performance analysis: earned value management method on HPK Project Using Mobox

Conventional construction methods have proven inadequate for meeting the accelerated development needs of IKN, highlighting the necessity for innovative approaches to expedite construction. Additionally, challenges related to material supply further exacerbate the situation. The Mobox method emerges as a promising alternative, offering potential to streamline project completion. This study compares time performance between conventional concrete methods, which typically require 7 months, and the Mobox method, which achieves the same in 4 months. The aim is to evaluate whether time and cost performance align with the project owner's expectations, using the Earned Value Management (EVM) method for a 4-storey building project utilizing Mobox modular construction. At week 16, the project’s time performance met expectations, as evidenced by a Schedule Variance (SV) of zero and a Schedule Performance Index (SPI) of 1. Cost performance also exceeded expectations, with a positive Cost Variance (CV) of Rp 11,784,790,045.29 and a Cost Performance Index (CPI) of 1.023, indicating cost efficiency. The Mobox method, coupled with the EVM approach, proves to be an effective and efficient alternative for construction projects, demonstrating the capability to complete projects on time and within budget while maintaining quality.

Emergency Service Response Time Performance Analysis in the Hospitals with Level Two Health Facilities: Comparative Study

The Emergency Unit (ER) is a part of the hospital that provides rapid treatment for patients according to the severity of their condition. Response time is the speed of the medical team in the ER in treating patients, starting from the moment the patient arrives until medical action is given. Fast and precise response time can reduce the complications that can arise and the patient's cost burden. The number of patients and the number of nurses that are not comparable can affect the response time of nurses. Research observing and comparing response times is still very limited. This study aims to determine the difference in service response time in the ER in two hospitals with second-level health facilities. This type of research is quantitative using a descriptive comparative approach. The research method uses observation and questionnaire methods. Data collection directly using the stopwhatt tool. Sampling was taken using the Accidental sampling technique. Data analysis used the difference between two means test with Mann-Whitney. Observations were carried out on nurses in the emergency room totaling 52 observations in each hospital for three months. The results of the analysis show a value of P = 0.688, where this probability value is more than 0.05, so the hypothesis fails to be rejected, so it can be concluded that statistically there is no significant difference in the Response Time of nurses in the two Emergency Units. Nurses must provide a response time according to the regulations set by the Ministry of Health, namely less than five minutes.

ANALYSIS OF COST AND TIME PERFORMANCE ON THE EAST SURABAYA HOSPITAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECT USING THE EARNED VALUE METHOD

The construction of the East Surabaya Hospital is a multiyear project, starting from 2023 to 2024. The project has a contract value of Rp. This 494,603,098,000 is funded by the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) of the Surabaya City Government. This research aims to analyze the cost and time performance of the project. The method used is the earned value method. The results of the cost and time performance analysis using the Earning Value method show that the cost performance and time performance of the East Surabaya Hospital Construction in the 22nd (twenty-second) week is considered not good. This result is shown by the Cost Variance value of Rp. - 608,118,565 and Schedule Variance value Rp. - 44,410,784,255. The Cost Performance Index value of 0.996 and the Schedule Performance Index value of 0.76 also shows that the cost and time performance of this project in the 22nd (twenty-second) week is not in good condition.

Time Performance Analysis Using Earned Value on the Construction of the Aranaway Kiram Bridge in Banjar Baru City

When implementing a project in the field, it is fairly uncommon for numerous projects to be delayed or even halted. This also has an impact on project cost escalation, resulting in project losses. Earned value analysis can help manage construction projectsefficiently and effectively. The results value analysis was done to estimate the extent to which the project was carried out according to the work plan. This assessment was performed on the Aranaway Kiram Bridge Construction project in Banjarbaru City. The project was aimed to determine weekly time performance and project completion time. The method employed was earned value analysis. According to the results of the analysis method (earned value analysis), the results from the 3rdto the 18thweek experienced delays, as evidenced by the performance of the Schedule Variance (SV) which was Negative (-) and the Schedule Performance Index (SPI) which was less than 1, but work accelerated in the 19th week of the Banjarbaru City Aranaway Kiram Bridge Construction Project, as evidenced by the SV performance which was Positive (+) and SPI greater than 1. The research results estimated the project's completion time as 253 days.

Evaluation of Storage Placement in Computing Continuum for a Robotic Application

This paper analyzes the timing performance of a persistent storage designed for distributed container-based architectures in industrial control applications. The timing performance analysis is conducted using an in-house simulator, which mirrors our testbed specifications. The storage ensures data availability and consistency even in presence of faults. The analysis considers four aspects: 1. placement strategy, 2. design options, 3. data size, and 4. evaluation under faulty conditions. Experimental results considering the timing constraints in industrial applications indicate that the storage solution can meet critical deadlines, particularly under specific failure patterns. Comparison results also reveal that, while the method may underperform current centralized solutions in fault-free conditions, it outperforms the centralized solutions in failure scenario. Moreover, the used evaluation method is applicable for assessing other container-based critical applications with timing constraints that require persistent storage.

ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF ORDER VARIATION FACTORS ON THE COSTS AND TIME OF IMPLEMENTING CHANNEL DIVERCTION INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS

Tangerang is a big city in Indonesia. The housing sector rocketing in this region. Changes in development often occur because problems arise and have an impact on costs and time. Researchers focused on finding the cause of the work diverting residential channels being hampered. For this reason, changes were made to the sheetpile design and changes to the infrastructure mobilization method to meet the contract time. The research uses the SEM PLS method to determine the factors causing order variations. In addition, the data processing application was used to determine the effect of order variations on time and cost performance. The respondents were 60 owners and consultants. Based on the results of the cost performance analysis, additional work arising from order variations reached 10,516,305,346 IDR and reduced work due to order variations reached 6,628,461,533 IDR or around 12.96% of the initial contract price and the results of time performance analysis for time losses that occurred due to order variations on the project showed an additional time of 5 months or 125%.

Analisis Evaluasi Kewajaran Harga terhadap Kualitas Pekerjaan Pembangunan Jembatan Log Cs

Tender offer below 80% HPS can cause concerns during the implementation of the work, including the quality of work that does not meet the standards in the contract, delays to contract termination. The purpose of this study is to analyze the evaluation of price reasonableness, time performance, quality performance and describe the quality of work. The research variable is Quality of Work (X). The research method used is Quantitative Descriptive Analysis using SPSS version 26. Data collection methods using interviews and questionnaires. The analysis used is Price Fairness Evaluation Analysis, Time Performance Analysis, Quality Performance Analysis, and Quantitative Descriptive Analysis. The results of the fairness evaluation analysis show that the total bid without VAT is more than the total clarification price so that the bid is declared reasonable. Time Performance Analysis shows the acceleration of the project against the plan, Quality Performance is more than the quality of the plan. Descriptive Analysis of the quality of the Log Cs Bridge Construction work is Good. The price quote of PT Tantu Konstruksi Engineering is declared reasonable. Time Performance is Good, Quality Performance is Good. The quality of work on the construction of the Log Cs Bridge is good.

Evidence of a Strong 19.5 Hz Flux Oscillation in Swift BAT and Fermi GBM Gamma-Ray Data from GRB 211211A

The gamma-ray burst (GRB) GRB 211211A is believed to have occurred due to the merger of two neutron stars or a neutron star and a black hole, despite its duration of more than a minute. Subsequent analysis has revealed numerous interesting properties including the possible presence of a ∼22 Hz quasiperiodic oscillation (QPO) during precursor emission. Here we perform timing analysis of Fermi and Swift gamma-ray data on GRB 211211A and, although we do not find a strong QPO during the precursor, we do find an extremely significant 19.5 Hz flux oscillation, which has higher fractional amplitude at higher energies, in a ∼0.2 s segment beginning ∼1.6 s after the start of the burst. After presenting our analysis we discuss possible mechanisms for the oscillation.

Can the abbreviated MRI protocol replace the standard full protocol in the detection and characterization of breast non-mass enhancement?

BackgroundBreast MRI full diagnostic protocol (FDP) showed great value in detecting and characterizing non-mass enhancement (NME); however, it is costly and time-consuming. MRI abbreviated protocol (AP) showed comparable accuracy to FDP in various indications but has not been specifically tested in NME. Our study purpose is to assess the accuracy of the AP in the detection and characterization of breast NME in comparison with the FDP and to perform time analysis of the AP.MethodsPatients who demonstrated NME in dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI were included to be assessed using AP and FDP. Image analysis was performed blindly and independently. Firstly, reconstructed images from the pre- and first post-contrast T1WI (first maximum intensity projection and subtraction) were made available as AP. Later, the time/signal intensity curve and remaining images of the FDP were added to the assessment. Both protocols were compared regarding acquisition time, interpretation time, BI-RADS scores and accuracy in the detection and characterization of NME in correlation to histopathology and/or follow-up. Validity statistics, Cohen-Kappa and ROC curve were used.ResultsFifty-nine NME lesions were identified. AP acquisition and interpretation times were significantly shorter than those of the FDP (3.3 vs. 35 min) and (45 “25–75 s” vs. 108 “80–150 s”) (P < 0.001), respectively. There was almost perfect agreement between the two protocols in the BIRADS grading of NME (k = 0.950, P < 0.001). In ROC curve analysis, the FDP was insignificantly more accurate than the AP (84.8% vs. 81.4%, P = 0.144).ConclusionsBreast MRI–AP is comparable to the FDP in the detection and characterization of breast NME with advantageous time saving.

Detection performance analysis of advanced direction time lightning detection system in China

Detection performance analysis of advanced direction time lightning detection system in China

Comparing time and cost performance of DBB and DB public construction projects in Kuwait

Kuwait is an enormous construction site as many vital public projects are under construction or in preparatory stages to achieve the vision of a New Kuwait by 2035. However, the new Public Tenders Law No. 49 of 2016 authorized the sole operation of the Design-Bid-Build (DBB) method as the delivery system method, preventing the employment of Design-Build (DB). Hence, this research undertook a comparative analysis of cost and time performance of DBB and DB public construction projects in Kuwait for the first time, marking the originality of this study. Moreover, 160 projects were collected from four government entities. Then, the total collected projects were categorized based on contract types and project sizes depending on contract cost. This research has recognized that DB has superior performance compared to DBB regarding cost growth for all collected projects, both contract types, projects of less than 300,000 KD, and projects between 300,000 and 12 million KD. No statistically significant differences between DBB and DB projects regarding schedule growth were found for all collected projects, both contract types and project sizes. Furthermore, the findings indicated that the DBB projects’ construction intensity was faster than that of DB projects with a value between 300,00 KD and 12 million KD. For projects that had a value of more than 12 million KD, the DB projects’ construction intensity was faster than that of DBB projects. Hence, it is concluded that the issue is not with the DB delivery systems themselves, but rather with the deployment of these systems.

Meta-Heuristic Search Optimization and its application to Time Series Forecasting Model

• A multi-kernel-based ensemble machines (KBEM) model is developed and applied to time series prediction. • The user need not try different hyper-parameter settings by trial-and-error. • Advantages from different hyper-parameter settings are combined automatically. • The proposed method is effective in terms of accuracy, speed, and space. Recently, ensemble learning has been widely used to generate better generalization ability in time series forecasting. The estimation accuracy of the ensemble model depends on the hyper-parameters tuning. The purpose of this research is to introduce a novel kernel-based ensemble machines (KBEM) to determine the best kernel structure with fine-tune hyper-parameters. The optimization method using a hybrid scheme is a combination of meta-heuristic search and local weight learning (LWL) in the process of generating ensemble layers. In order to determine the efficiency of KBEM method support vector regression (SVR) is utilized as a base learner for ensemble. The case studies are based on six benchmarks and global oil consumption data sets. The final output of the proposed model is compared with the current state-of-the-arts tuning techniques, which show that KBEM has achieved obvious advantages in terms of time complexity and performance analysis. Therefore, the KBEM scheme can be regarded as a promising method for automatic kernel regularization and hyper-parameter adjustment of integrated models.

PARALLEL NUMERICAL COMPUTATION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CPU-GPU PERFORMANCE IN PI DIGITS COMPUTATION

As the usage of GPU (Graphical Processing Unit) for non-graphical computation is rising, one important area is to study how the device helps improve numerical calculations. In this work, we present a time performance comparison between purely CPU (serial) and GPU-assisted (parallel) programs in numerical computation. Specifically, we design and implement the calculation of the hexadecimal -digit of the irrational number Pi in two ways: serial and parallel. Both programs are based upon the BBP formula for Pi in the form of infinite series identity. We then provide a detailed time performance analysis of both programs based on the magnitude. Our result shows that the GPU-assisted parallel algorithm ran a hundred times faster than the serial algorithm. To be more precise, we offer that as the value grows, the ratio between the execution time of the serial and parallel algorithms also increases. Moreover, when it is large enough, that is This GPU efficiency ratio converges to a constant, showing the GPU's maximally utilized capacity. On the other hand, for sufficiently small enough, the serial algorithm performed solely on the CPU works faster since the GPU's small usage of parallelism does not help much compared to the arithmetic complexity.

Investigating the Low-flux States in Six Intermediate Polars

Abstract We present optical photometry of six intermediate polars that exhibit transitions to a low-flux state. For four of these systems, DW Cnc, V515 And, V1223 Sgr, and RX J2133.7+5107, we are able to perform timing analysis in and out of the low states. We find that, for DW Cnc and V515 And, the dominant periodicities in the light curves change as the flux decreases, indicating a change in the sources’ accretion properties as they transition to the low state. For V1223 Sgr, we find that the variability is almost completely quenched at the lowest flux, but we do not find evidence for a changing accretion geometry. For RX J2133.7+5107, the temporal properties do not change in the low state, but we do see a period of enhanced accretion that is coincident with increased variability on the beat frequency, which we do not associate with a change in the accretion mechanisms in the system.

Petri-net based cooperation modeling and time analysis of emergency response in the context of domino effect prevention in process industries

Emergency response is an important way to reduce losses after a major industrial accident occurs and mitigation measures should be arranged and analyzed in preparedness. The cooperation in emergency response actions which make up an emergency response process has a significant impact on the efficiency and success rate (or reliability) of emergency response, and improper arrangement of actions may reduce emergency response efficiency. As emergency response is characterized by rapid response, this work studies the success of emergency response based on time analysis. In this paper, cooperation modes of emergency response actions and their time characteristics are analyzed. A timed colored Petri-net (TCPN) based approach is proposed to model the cooperation of the actions and perform time analysis. The proposed approach is illustrated by an example of fire brigades’ response to a tank fire. Simulations are performed and the probabilities of preventing fire escalation under different cooperation modes are analyzed. TCPN based modeling and analysis of emergency response actions are helpful for planning the necessary actions in the preparation of an emergency situation.

Preliminary Analysis and Evaluation of BDS-3 RDSS Timing Performance

Radio determination satellite service (RDSS) is one of the characteristic services of Beidou navigation satellite system (BDS), and also distinguishes with other GNSS systems. BDS-3 RDSS adopts new signals, which is compatible with BDS-2 RDSS signals in order to guarantee the services of old users. Moreover, the new signals also separate civil signals and military signals which are modulated on different carriers to improve their isolation and RDSS service performance. Timing is an important part of RDSS service, which has been widely used in the field of the power, transportation, marine and others. Therefore, the timing accuracy, availability and continuity is an important guarantee for RDSS service. This paper summarizes the principle of one-way and two-way timing, and provides the evaluation method of RDSS timing accuracy, availability and continuity. Based on BDS-3 RDSS signal measurements of system, the performance of one-way timing and two-way timing is analyzed and evaluated for the first time. The results show that: (1) the accuracy of one-way timing and two-way timing is better than 30 ns and 8 ns respectively, which are better than the official claimed accuracy; (2) the RMS of one-way timing accuracy is 5.45 ns, which is 20% smaller than BDS-2, and the availability and continuity are 100%; (3) the RMS of two-way timing accuracy is 3.59 ns, which is 34% smaller than one-way timing, and both of the availability and continuity are 100%; (4) the orbit maneuver of GEO satellite make the one-way timing has 7.68 h recovery, but has no affection on the two-way timing.

Evolutionary Computing based Web Service Composition Technique for Scheduling of Workload under Cloud Environment

Objectives: The objective of this model is to design a technique to schedule the workload for the computation of web services in the heterogeneous cloud environment. As the Web Service Composition (WSC) for the execution of scientific workload in a heterogeneous cloud computing environment is a challenging task. Modern workload requires dynamic resource provisioning technique as there exist parallelization among sub-tasks and different task demands different Quality of Service (QoS) requirement. Methods: This study presents an Evolutionary Computing based Web Service Composition (EC-WSC) technique to execute a large-scale scientific workload in a heterogeneous cloud environment. A multi-objective metric for improving energy efficiency and resource utilization is modelled. Then, an improved searching mechanism for the dragonfly evolutionary computing algorithm is modelled. Findings: Experiment outcomes show EC-WSC model attains superior performance in execution time performance analysis and energy efficiency performance analysis when compared with existing resource provisioning models of workload service composition such as Deadline and Budget-Aware Workflow Scheduling (DBAWS)(1), Evolutionary Computing Multi-objective optimization for Hybrid Clouds (EC-MOH)(2), Web Service Composition (WSC)(3), and Evolutionary Multi-Objective Optimization for clouds (EMOC)(4) in terms of heterogeneous computing, workload size, multi-objective optimization, QoS metric, and optimization strategy. Our model EC-WSC has proved to be more efficient in terms of energy efficiency by a reduction of 52.13% and also reduction in execution time by 71% when compared with the WSC(3) existing Web Service Composition model. Novelty: Existing resource provisioning predominantly focused on reducing computation cost and time; however, induces task execution latency and energy overhead. However, EC-WSC is modelled to utilize resources more efficiently and meet task QoS requirements by assuring energy minimization constraints. Keywords: Cloud Computing; Heterogeneous Computing Environment; Multiobjective optimization problem; Resource Provisioning; Workload Scheduling

Integration of Hardware Security Modules and Permissioned Blockchain in Industrial IoT Networks

Hardware Security Modules (HSM) serve as a hardware based root of trust that offers physical protection while adding a new security layer in the system architecture. When combined with decentralized access technologies as Blockchain, HSM offers robustness and complete reliability enabling secured end-to-end mechanisms for authenticity, authorization and integrity. This work proposes an efficient integration of HSM and Blockchain technologies focusing on, mainly, public-key cryptography algorithms and standards, that result crucial in order to achieve a successful combination of the mentioned technologies to improve the overall security in Industrial IoT systems. To prove the suitability of the proposal and the interaction of an IoT node and a Blockchain network using HSM a proof of concept is developed. Results of time performance analysis of the prototype reveal how promising the combination of HSMs in Blockchain environments is.