Perforation Pattern Research Articles

The Gracilis Myocutaneous Free Flap: A Quantitative Analysis of the Fasciocutaneous Blood Supply and Implications for Autologous Breast Reconstruction

BackgroundMastectomies are one of the most common surgical procedures in women of the developed world. The gracilis myocutaneous flap is favoured by many reconstructive surgeons due to the donor site profile and speed of dissection. The distal component of the longitudinal skin paddle of the gracilis myocutaneous flap is unreliable. This study quantifies the fasciocutaneous vascular territories of the gracilis flap and offers the potential to reconstruct breasts of all sizes.MethodsTwenty-seven human cadaver dissections were performed and injected using lead oxide into the gracilis vascular pedicles, followed by radiographic studies to identify the muscular and fasciocutaneous perforator patterns. The vascular territories and choke zones were characterized quantitatively using the ‘Lymphatic Vessel Analysis Protocol’ (LVAP) plug-in for Image J® software.ResultsWe found a step-wise decrease in the average vessel density from the upper to middle and lower thirds of both the gracilis muscle and the overlying skin paddle with a significantly higher average vessel density in the skin compared to the muscle. The average vessel width was greater in the muscle. Distal to the main pedicle, there were either one (7/27 cases), two (14/27 cases) or three (6/27 cases) minor pedicles. The gracilis angiosome was T-shaped and the maximum cutaneous vascular territory for the main and first minor pedicle was 35×19 cm and 34×10 cm, respectively.ConclusionOur findings support the concept that small volume breast reconstructions can be performed on suitable patients, based on septocutaneous perforators from the minor pedicle without the need to harvest any muscle, further reducing donor site morbidity. For large reconstructions, if a ‘T’ or tri-lobed flap with an extended vertical component is needed, it is important to establish if three territories are present. Flap reliability and size may be optimized following computed tomographic angiography and surgical delay.

Spontaneous perforation of the colon and rectum complicating anorectal malformations in neonates

BackgroundSpontaneous perforation of the colon is a rare complication in neonates with anorectal malformations (ARMs). There are no detailed studies concerning this complication. Materials and MethodsA retrospective review of hospital records between 1994 and 2010 revealed 8 cases of bowel perforation among 136 cases of ARM. Eighteen additional cases were culled from the literature by searching Pubmed, Indmed, Embase, and Google Scholar. ResultsPerforations occurred more commonly in males with ARM (85%). Low and high anomalies were equally affected. The median age at diagnosis was 48 hours. Pneumoscrotum and abdominal wall erythema were occasionally suggestive of perforation. In addition to the Rigler sign and collapsed bowel on plain radiographs, a newly described “rectal-tail sign” was useful in recognizing pneumoperitoneum in the lateral view invertogram. A lower midline incision offered optimal surgical access. Two distinct patterns of perforation were identified: type 1 (88%) occurred before surgical decompression of the obstructed colon, whereas type 2 (12%) occurred postoperatively. Type 1 cases were subdivided into cecal (type 1a, 16%), transverse colon (type 1b, 8%), rectosigmoid (type 1c, 60%), and miscellaneous (type 1d, 4%) perforations. Type 1a is best treated with cecostomy and distal colostomy; type 1b, with exteriorization of the perforation; and types 1c and 1d, with closure of the perforation and proximal colostomy. Dense fibrous adhesions caused by extravasated meconium posed technical difficulty during the definitive pull-through operation and was responsible for considerable morbidity. The overall mortality was 19%. ConclusionsColorectal perforation is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality in neonates with ARM. Radiographs rather than clinical examination should be relied on for diagnosis of bowel perforation in ARM. Treatment options are chosen according to the subtype of perforation. Because most perforations occurred more than 24 hours after birth, early referral and surgical decompression of the colon may avoid this complication.

Investigation of flexible perforation of thin materials using a continuous-wave CO2 laser

Thin material laser perforation improves the flexibility and quality of materials such as tipping paper, medicated sticking plaster and breathable plastic film for storage. Perforation processing requires reliable, high speed, robust and adaptable optoelectronic systems to provide controllable permeability and flexibility in thin materials. This article provides descriptions on the design and performance of a new laser perforation system developed to meet such stringent requirements. This system is applicable for on-line thin material perforation. The optoelectronics include a continuous wave CO2 laser whose beam can be modulated into sequences of pulsed laser beams by a mechanical chopper. The focusing characteristics of a real laser beam in the perforation system have been investigated. This allowed laser beams to be focused on the moving thin material to be perforated and adaptable software control to provide the desired pattern distribution of the circular holes perforated on this material. A galvanometer scanner system allows sequential scanning of pulsed laser beams. This unique optoelectronic, mechanical and dedicated embedded control system has been designed and implemented to synchronize the actions of mechanical choppers, galvanometer scanners and the movement characteristics of the thin material. A practical implementation of the sticking plaster and tipping paper laser perforation system has been completed and successfully tested. Results show for example that circular holes with two geometrical distribution patterns are achievable, and unique patterns of perforation can be designed to discourage counterfeiting.

Unfair? The Unique Status of Sound Recordings under U.S. Copyright Law and its Impact on the Progress of Sample-Based Music

IntroductionOn June 3, 2005 in a United States federal courtroom in Nashville, Tennessee, seven words disrupted the age-old, natural cycle of musical development: a license or do not sample.1 At the heart of the case was a sample2 of a common, three-note guitar riff3 from the introduction to the George Clinton funk song Get Off Your Ass and Jam. The sampled portion was sonically altered and repeated five times in the background of the song 100 Miles and Runnin ' by the hip-hop group N.W.A. 100 Miles was also featured on the soundtrack to the film I Got the Hook Up. In this pivotal case, the Sixth Circuit Court reversed a lower court ruling that the use of the sample was de minimis4 and established a bright-line rule5 for digital sampling. The three-judge panel concluded, We do not see this as stifling creativity in any significant way.6 This article intends to show that while the court was technically correct in its assessment of the Copyright Act in relation to Sound Recordings,7 the decision exposed a flaw in the Act itself. Namely, as currently defined, Sound Recordings are fundamentally different from other categories of works8 in that they do not, and in fact cannot, meet the same minimal creativity requirement9 for copyright. The idea/expression dichotomy10 is not relevant to Sound Recordings because unlike every other category of works, they are not the result of an expression of ideas fixed in tangible form. They are strictly the result of fixation regardless of the nature, quality, and originality (or lack thereof) of the sounds embodied therein. Authorship of Sound Recordings is problematic since they are not the result of any individual's expression and thus cannot be infringed upon save by the physical duplication of a material object. Therefore in contrast to all other categories of copyrightable works, ideas cannot be freely extracted from them to be used as the building blocks for new, independent creations. The historical record shows that Sound Recordings were afforded copyright protection for a singular economic reason: to combat record piracy. Owners exercise a complete monopoly over any reproduction and derivative of Sound Recordings for the full term of copyright. While enormously effective in battling record piracy, this broad statutory stranglehold continues to impact the naturally transformative cycle of musical development in regards to sample-based music. The court was legally right: sampling requires copying.11 But the court was musically wrong: transformational copying is the heart of musical innovation and development. Creativity has been significantly stifled.A Brief History of Copyright in Sound Recordings in the United States: 1900-1970Law typically follows innovation; an axiom exemplified throughout the history of recorded music. By the turn of the twentieth century, emerging audio recording technology had already made an indelible mark on the music industry. Three major labels (Edison, Victor, and Columbia) were selling three million records per year in the United States by 1900.12 Yet federal copyright protection was not made available to producers of recordings until 1972. Why? Lawmakers in the U.S. were reluctant to define recordings, then known as phonograms, as writings. The U.S. Constitution states that Congress shall have the power...To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries.13 The Copyright Act of 1909 specified in Section 4, ...the works for which copyright may be secured under this Act shall include all the writings of an author14 (emphasis added). In 1908 the Supreme Court in the landmark case White-Smith Co. v. Apollo Co. concluded that because the pattern of perforations on piano rolls15 were not visually perceivable as music, the objects were not copies of musical works (i.e., not writings),16 authors could not control their use. …

Tone-Like Signal in the Wind-Induced Noise of Perforated Plates

In some special situations the wind-induced noise of perforated plates may show strong power enhancement in a certain frequency band and hence exhibits a character. This problem is investigated experimentally in laboratory and some test results are presented in this paper. It is shown that the phenomenon happens only when the incident angle of the wind is relatively large to the perforated panel; say between 60 and 80 degrees. There seems an optimum wind speed corresponding to the size of the holes for this phenomenon. The peak frequency of the tone-like signal is mainly determined by the thickness of the plate and the size of the holes and can be roughly estimated from the geometry of the plate and the wind speed. The condition when the tone-like phenomenon may happen seems very much dependent on the perforation pattern along the wind direction. Same perforated plate may produce totally different sound in the same wind condition if the orientation of the plate is changed. Randomized hole size and distribution may help to reduce the tone-like signal and hence the total wind-induced noise. Possible explanations of the phenomenon are discussed.

Perforator Patterns of the Ulnar Artery Perforator Flap

Flaps based on the ulnar artery have never gained the same popularity as the radial forearm flap, despite several potential advantages. In this article, the authors describe a true ulnar artery perforator flap with perforator mapping. Thirty-eight consecutive patients who underwent ulnar artery perforator flap surgery were included in the study. The size, number, and location of perforators were recorded intraoperatively. Preoperative and postoperative grip strength was tested and compared. One to three cutaneous perforators from the ulnar artery were identified and designated as A, B, and C from distal to proximal. Perforator A was present in 79 percent of cases and located 7.3 ± 1.1 cm from the pisiform. Perforator B was present in 95 percent of cases and located 11.4 ± 1.0 cm from the pisiform. Perforator C was present in 87 percent of cases and located 15.9 ± 1.8 cm from the pisiform. All patients had at least two perforators, and 61 percent had three perforators. All flaps were used for head and neck reconstruction and all were successful. Donor-site morbidity was minor. Grip testing demonstrated a transient decrease in grip strength during the postoperative period, and most recovered to the contralateral level by 3 months. At least two perforators are present in the ulnar artery perforator flap territory. This flap is reliable and easy to harvest and has minimal donor-site morbidity. It should be considered as an alternative to the radial forearm flap in select patients.

English

The significance of the heat transfer by natural convection in enclosures can be found in many engineering applications such as energy transfer in buildings, solar collectors, nuclear reactors, and electronic packaging. An experimental study was conducted to investigate the heat transfer by natural convection in a rectangular fin plate by circular perforations heat sinks. The patterns of perforations including 24 circular perforations (holes) for the first fin and the number of perforations increased 8 for every fin until reached to 56 in the fifth fins. These perforations were distribution on 6-14 columns and 4 rows. Experiments were carried through in an experimental facility that was specifically design and constructed for this purpose. It was observed that the temperatures along the non-perforated fin are drop from 30 to 250C but the temperature drop for perforated was from 30 to 23.70C with low power (6W), also the temperature drop between the fin base and tip increases as the perforation diameter increased. The temperature drop with high power (220W) was from 250 to 490C for non-perforared fin, but for perforated fins was from 250 to 360C. The heat transfer rate and the coefficient of heat transfer increases with increased number of perforation.

Effect of the Electric Discharge Confinement on the Perforation Density of Porous Materials

Several methods to enhance the efficiency of paper electroperforation processes are presented in this work. In all the cases, the discharge confinement effect is used for obtaining higher perforation densities than those found in the standard industrial processes. To quantify the efficiency of the proposed methods, statistical tools are used to characterize the 2-D perforation pattern.

Perforator Patterns of the Anteromedial Thigh Flap

The vascular anatomy of the anteromedial thigh flap has not been well defined. The purpose of this study was to determine the perforator patterns and vascular anatomy of this flap. The perforators of the anteromedial thigh flaps and their origins were prospectively explored, documented, and mapped. Twenty-one of 100 thighs had no anteromedial thigh perforators. For the remaining thighs, there were two sources of perforators: the rectus femoris branch of the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoris artery, and the superficial femoral artery. Perforators from the latter were short and small and thus less useful. Anteromedial thigh flaps based on rectus femoris branch perforators shared the same vascular pedicle as the anterolateral thigh flap and were thus clinically useful. These rectus femoris branch perforators, however, were present in only 51 percent of the patients. Their surface locations follow a similar pattern as the anterolateral thigh flap, with the majority of perforators near the midpoint, but an average of 3.2 cm medial to a line connecting the anterior superior iliac spine and the superolateral patella. Forty-three thighs had a single rectus femoris branch perforator and eight had two perforators. Sixty-six percent were septocutaneous and the rest traversed a thin layer of the rectus femoris muscle. The perforator patterns of the anteromedial thigh flap were examined and defined. It is best to plan the anteromedial thigh flap to complement the anterolateral thigh rather than to be the primary flap.

Method for improving the electrostatics perforation pattern using power controlled discharges

The aims of this work are to show the influence of adding a series resistance at the output of a discharge generator circuit and to point out that this component can be used to control the spark energy in electrostatic perforation systems. Analysis of the experimental results reveals that there exists a close connection between the resistor value and the obtained perforation pattern both in hole density and size. The use of a series resistor has a strong influence on the material porosity, which is an important industrial parameter for assessing the pattern perforation quality.

Pattern of tympanic membrane perforation in ibadan: a retrospective study.

Tympanic membrane perforations vary in size, shape and position. The degree of conductive deafness varies with the size and position of the tympanic membrane perforation. This study is to determine the pattern and causes of tympanic membrane perforation. Hospital based study at the ENT Clinic, UCH, Ibadan. Consecutive patients seen during the period of study with ear symptoms were interviewed and examined by ENT surgeons. This information was entered into computer and analyzed using SPSS v 11. Thirty-three (13.5%) of the 244 patients were found to have tympanic membrane perforation. Fifteen (45.5%) patients were new while 18 (54.5%) were follow up patients. There were 13 (39.4%) males and 20 (60.6%) females. The type of perforation seen were central 57.6%, subtotal 33.3%, total 6.1%, marginal 3.0%. The sides affected were left ear 45.5%, right ear 15.2%, and both ears 39.4%. The causes found were chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) 90.9%, acute suppurative otitis media (ASOM) 6.1%, and trauma to the affected ear 3.0%. CSOM was the cause of tympanic membrane perforation seen in children. There is need for early diagnosis and treatment of all cases of tympanic membrane perforation and proper education of parents and guardians on proper method of ear care and early referral. There is also need to train all healthcare workers especially primary health care providers on how to manage these cases.

Effects of investment type and casting system on permeability and castability of CP titanium

Several factors, such as casting systems and investment properties, are important to obtain a sound titanium casting. Although various casting systems and investments for titanium are commercially available, their effects on CP titanium castability are not clear. The purpose of this study was to determine permeability of investments and to evaluate the effects of investment type and casting system on titanium castability. Three investments for titanium (experimental gypsum-bonded investment, Selevest CB, and Speed Titan) and 4 titanium casting systems (Cyclarc, Ti-Cascom, Vulcan T, and Ticast Super R) were used. Permeability was measured using a flow meter and argon gas at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 MPa. Castability was calculated as the percentage of reproduced holes compared to a perforated wax pattern. Data for castability and permeability were analyzed separately with 2-way ANOVA and the Tukey HSD test (alpha=.05). The ANOVA for permeability and castability showed significant interaction (P<.001 and P=.004, respectively). Differences in permeability among the 3 investments increased with a higher gas pressure. Permeability of the experimental investment at each pressure level was significantly greater than that of the other investments, except for Speed Titan at 0.1 MPa (P<.05). The permeability of Selevest CB at each pressure level was significantly less than that of the other investments (P<.05). Cyclarc and Ti-Cascom specimens were not significantly different, in terms of castability, using the investments evaluated, but castability of Vulcan T and Ticast specimens varied significantly by the investment used (P<.05). Within the limitations of this study, investment type, pressure level, and their combinations influenced permeability. Castability of titanium was influenced by investment type, casting system, and their combinations. The investment with the highest permeability did not demonstrate the best result for castability.

THE STUDY ON MORPHOLOGICAL TAXONOMY OF &lt;I&gt;PSEDUO-NITZSCHIA PSEUDODELICATISSIMA&lt;/I&gt; COMPLEX

Increasing evidence show that cryptic and pseudo-cryptic species are widespread in several diatom taxa. This is the case with the genus Pseudo-nitzschia, which includes chain-forming pennate diatoms that bloom both in coastal and open ocean waters. In the last years, up 10 new species have been described on the basis of morphological and mo-lecular investigations, and some of them are only distinguishable on the basis of minute ultrastructural features of their siliceous frustulae. This is the case of P. pseudodelicatissima complex. It has been confirmed that P. pseudodelicatissima complex was a kind of pelagic diatom species which distribute commonly in Chinese coastal waters. Because of few subtle morphological features which just could be observed under electronic microscope (EM) among P. pseudodelica-tissima complex taxa, it is greatly difficult to reach accurate identification and there are many debates at present. For clarifying the species diversity of P. pseudodelicatissima complex and its dominant species in Daya Bay, water and net samples were collected from six stations in summer (August), 2007. All samples were fixed with Lugo’s solution in situ and brought back to the laboratory. Then, they were concentrated to a final volume about 2—10 mL by settlement over-night for several times. These samples could be observed and analyzed under light microscope. For observation under transmission electron microscope, subsamples were taken and treated through several steps. Firstly, after dropped into same volume of concentrated H2SO4, these samples were boiled in the water bath for about 15—20 minutes to remove the organic materials. Secondly, these samples should be washed to neutrality with distilled water for several times. Then, these samples could be observed, identified, photographed and counted under transmission electron microscope. Including six species, P. caciantha Lundholm, Moestrup Hasle, P. calliantha Lundholm, Moestrup Hasle, P. cus-pidata (Hasle) Lundholm, Moestrup Hasle, P. mannii Amato Montresor, P. pseudodelicatissima (Hasle) Lundholm, Hasle Moestrup and P. sinica Qi Wang, P. pseudodelicatissima complex were found. And P. caciantha, P. callian-tha, P. mannii were identified as three newly recorded diatom species for China. Along with LM and TEM photos, the detailed morphological description, habits and ecological distribution of these six species were given in this paper. Si-multaneously, the taxonomic comparison among resembling species were made. The six species described in this paper have morphological features in common: the long and slender valves, the present of a larger central interspace, the uniseriate striae, the similarity of the structure of the valve face and the valve mantle, and the hexagonal perforation pattern of the poroid hymen. However, several other features such as structure of the poroid hymen, density of fibulae and striae, the width and shape of valves, and the structure of the cingular bands differed among the species and could be used for differentiating these six species from each other. After investigation of the cell abundance of each species, it is concluded that the most common species distributing in Daya Bay is P. calliantha, not P. pseudodelicatissima which has been reported formerly.

The arterial anatomy of the medial femoral condyle and its clinical implications

The success of vascularized bone grafts from the medial femoral condyle in various clinical applications has sparked renewed interest in the microvascular anatomy of this region. This study describes the arterial supply of the distal medial femoral condyle and its implications in harvesting vascularized bone grafts. The location, branching pattern, internal diameter, and distribution of perforators of the descending genicular artery and superior medial genicular artery in 19 fresh cadaveric lower limbs were recorded. The descending genicular artery was present in 89% and the superior medial genicular artery was present in 100% of specimens with average distances proximal to the articular surface of 13.7 cm and 5.2 cm, respectively. The average number of perforating vessels was greatest in the posterior distal quadrant of the condyle. The blood supply of the medial femoral condyle is plentiful and consistent making it a useful source for free vascularized bone grafts.

Abstract CN03-04: Gastrointestinal and liver toxicities related to targeted therapies

Abstract CN03-04: Gastrointestinal and liver toxicities related to targeted therapies

Paramuscular and Paraneural Perforators in DIEAP Flaps

The computed tomography microangiography revolutionized the planning of abdominal flaps, and enabled us to identify perforators from the deep inferior epigastric system with a medial extramuscular or minimal medial intramuscular trajectory. We define these perforators as paramuscular and paraneural, since their main course is retromuscular and they emerge medial to the medial border of rectus muscle or medial to its motor nerve supply, respectively. Studying the different perforator distributions in the abdomen of 58 patients who underwent breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap, we have recorded that 46.4% of the abdominal walls have a dominant paramuscular/paraneural perforator (25.8% paramuscular and 20.6% paraneural) with an average diameter 1.56 +/- 0.2 mm. Although, the comparison of the rectus muscle morbidity following deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap dissection based on paramuscular/paraneural and based on other perforator patterns, did not reveal significant differences, paraneural/paramuscular type perforators are not related anatomically to the motor nerves, and the donor site morbidity should be negligible in any operator's hands.

Anteromedial thigh flaps: An anatomical study to localize and classify anteromedial thigh perforators

Until now, research on flaps in the anteromedial thigh region has focused on flaps in specific regions. To elucidate the complete pattern of suitable anteromedial thigh perforators, an anatomical study was performed by dissecting nine thighs from different cadavers. The ideal perforator has maximum length and diameter and runs through a septum. According to the data found in our study, these perforators can predominantly be found in the middle third of the anteromedial thigh region. All of the three main thigh vessels supply perforators which can be used for flaps. Pertaining to length and diameter the most suitable perforators originate from the deep femoral artery, which can be found in the proximal and middle third of the anteromedial thigh. Musculocutaneous perforators are found to be longer than septocutaneous perforators. Because of their position, the proximal and distal third perforators should preferentially be used for local pedicled flaps. Defects in the pelvic area and around the knee can be closed with perforator flaps from the proximal and distal anteromedial thigh, respectively. Because of their diameter, length, and number, the middle third perforators should be the first choice for harvesting free flaps. Skin closure is easily achieved in the anteromedial thigh region even when larger flaps are used.

Pattern and Outcome of Typhoid Perforation in Benin City

Over a 26-year period, there were only twenty four cases of perforated typhoid that were operated at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Four cases had incomplete data and were excluded from the study and only twenty cases were therefore included in the study. Of the twenty patients, there were 12 males and 8 females and the age range was between 11 and 45 years, with a mean of 25.65 years. The main complaints were fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation. Most of the patients presented late to the hospital. Most of the patients had single perforations. Simple closure was the method of treatment in most of the patients. Wound infection was the major post operation complication. The average hospital stay was 16.3 days. We conclude that compared with other tertiary health institutions in Nigeria, the incidence of typhoid perforation is low at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria and simple closure of perforations is efficient in managing typhoid perforations Keywords: Typhoid Fever, Late presentation, Wound in infection Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research Vol. 5 (1&2) 2007: pp. 13-18

Axial Fan Blade Tone Cancellation Using Optimally Tuned Quarter Wavelength Resonators

Fan noise challenges noise control engineers in developing products ranging in scale from small ventilation systems to large turbomachines. The dominant noise source in many axial fans is the tonal noise due to rotor/stator interactions at the fundamental blade passing frequency. Flow-excited resonators have been used in the past for minimizing blade tone sound pressure levels (SPLs) generated by centrifugal fans through means of secondary source cancellation. The focus of this research is to extend that cancellation method to axial fans by attaching flow-driven quarter wavelength resonators fitted with optimal mouth perforations around the perimeter of the fan’s shroud. A ducted-fan test facility was developed to measure upstream and downstream noise radiated from a test fan. Resonators were mounted at specific locations around the fan’s shroud to obtain reductions in blade tone SPLs in both flow directions. They were driven into resonance via the unsteady pressure from the passing blades. An analytical model using transmission line theory was developed and validated experimentally to characterize the resonator’s behavior under various flow conditions and mouth geometries. This model was used to predict the resonator’s potential for reducing in-duct blade tones for specific flows and mouth perforation patterns. In a series of experiments to obtain the optimal resonator mouth perforations, it was observed that upstream and downstream SPL attenuations require different placement of the resonator mouth relative to the blade of the fan. With a single tuned resonator it was demonstrated that the fundamental blade tone SPLs can be reduced by as much as 20 dB in either the upstream or the downstream duct but not in both directions simultaneously. This behavior results when combining the resonator’s monopolelike sound field with the dipolelike sound field of the fan’s blades. Further studies are underway to extend the above method to higher pressure fans operating at speeds that generate higher order duct modes.

INVESTIGATION OF DESIGN PARAMETERS INFLUENCING THE PERFORMANCE OF PREMIXED SURFACE BURNERS

Compared to diffusion and partially premixed burners, fully premixed burners have the advantage of low NOx emissions. On the other hand, fully premixed combustion is sensitive toward flame instabilities, i.e., flashback, blow-off, and acoustical emissions. These instabilities limit the power modulation of a burner, thus decreasing its application range on the market. The scope of this investigation is the performance of fully premixed gas burners with a perforated surface pattern (i.e., a slits and/or holes pattern), focusing on the influences of burner surface pattern design and burner shape on burner operation. Experiments showed that the surface pattern design strongly influences the burner power modulation range and the emission of pollutants. Visualization and numerical simulation of the cold flow through a perforated surface pattern indicate that the dimensions of the flow recirculation zone in the vicinity of the slits/holes outlet are responsible for flame stabilization. Redesign of the burner surface pattern could lead to a better flow distribution through the burner and an improved power modulation range.