Perfectionism Scale Research Articles

Perceived Acceptance of Maternal Trust and Self-Oriented Perfectionism among High School Students

Maternal trust plays a central role in shaping various aspects of a individuals’ life whereas self-oriented perfectionism creates valuable insights and provides a better understanding of human behavior, motivation, and well-being. The current study aims to identify the correlation between perceived acceptance of maternal trust and self-oriented perfectionism in high school students. It also intends to measure differences of gender and public & private school affiliation in terms of perceived acceptance of maternal trust and self-oriented perfectionism among high school students. This study is comprised of a sample of 300 high school students (Male=150 and Female=150) from various educational institutions in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. In this quantitative, cross-sectional research design, data is collected by using a convenient sampling technique. Data was collected by using a set of questionnaires that included informed consent, a demographic sheet, The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment ([IPP] Gullone & Robinson, 2005) and the Child Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (Hewitt & Flett, 1991). The results of this study conclude a significant correlation between of maternal trust with self-oriented perfectionism. It is also found that the level of self-oriented perfectionism is higher among high school girls as compared to high school boys. The implications of these findings are reflective, as addressing the issue of self-oriented perfectionism in high school students can lead to improved well-being and better academic achievement.

Perfectionism, anxiety and achievement academic in medical students

Objective: to analyze the relationship between perfectionism, anxiety and academic performance in medical students. Methodology: non-experimental research with a quantitative and correlational approach. The sample was non-probabilistic of the intentional type and included 363 medical students from universities in Mexico; 29.2% men and 70.8% women, with an age of 20.87 years. Two instruments were applied: the Multifactorial Perfectionism Scale and the Trait and State Anxiety Inventory. To obtain information on the academic performance of the students, they were asked their cumulative general average up to now. Data collection was carried out using a Google form and the collected data was analyzed in the SPSS version 23.0 program. Contribution: A significant difference was found in general anxiety, women presented higher levels of anxiety. compared to men (2.62 vs 2.37 p=0.00). Likewise, a significant negative relationship was found between state anxiety and trait anxiety and academic performance (-.191 -.199 p˂0.01) and a significant negative relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and academic performance (- .182 p ˂0.01).

EFL learners’ problematic use of social media usage, classroom anxiety, perfectionism, and language attainment: correlations and perceptions

BackgroundThe effect of social media (SM) on university students' educational progress and mental health has been studied in various contexts. However, the correlation between Chinese EFL learners' use of SM (problematic and non-problematic) and their language achievement, foreign language anxiety, and perfectionism requires further investigation.ObjectivesTo address this gap, a mixed-method research design was utilized. This study recruited 480 English language learners from Ningbo University of Finance and Economics in China using convenience sampling.MethodSM usage questionnaires, a perfectionism scale, a foreign language anxiety scale, self-assessment grids (CEFR) developed by the Council of Europe, and an interview checklist were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics (mean and SD) and Pearson correlation coefficient for each question were analyzed using SPSS. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the interviews.ResultsThe results revealed that problematic use of social media is associated with several negative consequences, such as low language achievement, high foreign language anxiety level, high academic burnout, and negative aspects of perfectionism.Conclusions and implicationsThese findings have theoretical and practical implications for language learners and teachers. The results can inform language educators about the potential negative effects of problematic SM use on language learning outcomes, mental health, and well-being. It is important to raise awareness of problematic SM use and to promote healthy SM habits among language learners. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of promoting the non-problematic use of SM as a potential resource to enhance language learning outcomes.

Psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the Big Three Perfectionism Scale–Short Form (BTPS-SF) in a community sample of adults

BackgroundDespite the high clinical relevance of the perfectionism construct as a transdiagnostic contributor to different mental health symptoms, and the recent burgeoning of research in this area across cultures in the past two decades, the Arab region was one of the cultural settings experiencing the slowest progress in this line of research. This study aimed to make a meaningful contribution to the literature by validating an Arabic-language version of the 16-item Big Three Perfectionism Scale–Short Form (BTPS-SF). In particular, we sought to examine structure and concurrent validity, internal consistency, and measurement invariance across gender groups.MethodA web-based, convenience sampling method was adopted to collect a sample of Arabic-speaking adults from the general population of Lebanon (N = 515; aged 27.55 ± 10.92 years; 69.9% females). The forward-backward method was applied in translating the Arabic version of the BTPS-SF.ResultsThe examination of the internal structure, using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), demonstrated that the three-factor model (i.e., rigid, self-critical, and narcissistic perfectionism) fitted well to the data. All three factors of the Arabic 16-item BTPS-SF yielded excellent reliability estimates, with both Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega ranging from 0.83 to 0.86. Multi-group CFA revealed that fit indices showed no significant difference in model fit at the configural, metric, and scalar levels, thus suggesting that the factor loadings, pattern structure, and item intercepts are invariant across gender groups. Finally, BTPS-SF subscales scores correlated positively with psychological distress (i.e., depression, stress and anxiety), and inversely with subjective well-being, indicating an acceptable concurrent validity.ConclusionThe present findings allow us to conclude that the Arabic BTPS-SF permits to capture reliably and validly three main factors of perfectionism. We hope that providing this psychometrically sound scale will encourage its large use not only in empirical research, but also in clinical applications, including psychological screening and treatment monitoring.

Psychometric Evaluation of a Persian Version of Beliefs about Emotions Scale in Community and Clinical Samples.

Objective: This research is primarily conducted to determine the psychometric properties of the Beliefs about Emotions Scale (BES) in community and clinical samples. The BES is a scale measure used for evaluating individuals' beliefs in terms of how acceptable it is for them to experience and express their emotions. Method : This study was conducted on two separate samples. In the first part, 300 individuals were selected from a general sample in Tehran using the quota sampling method. For the second part of the study, we used purposive sampling to gather data from 119 patients suffering from Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and 121 patients from Somatic Symptoms Disorder (SSD), whose disorders were diagnosed based on the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. The BES structural validity was examined through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Additionally, test-retest composite and internal consistency indices were explored to investigate the reliability of the BES score. Finally, the associations of the BES score with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ), Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) scores were highlighted to investigate the discriminant and convergent validity of the BES score. Results: According to CFAs, the one-factor model for the BES demonstrated a good fit with the data collected from both the clinical and community samples. The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was satisfactory in the community sample (α = 0.84) and the clinical samples of SSD (α = 0.86) and MDD (α = 0.83). The community sample demonstrated high overall test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.93, P < 0.001; 95% CI: 0.89 - 0.95). In terms of convergent validity, the findings confirmed that in the MMD sample, there was a significant relationship between the BES and almost all measures (including Depression (r = 0.39, P < 0.01), Anxiety (r = 0.21, P < 0.05), Self-Sacrifice (r = 0.27, P < 0.01), MPS-total score (r = 0.22, P < 0.05), DERS total score (r = 0.50, P < 0.01), and Suppression (r = 0.38, P < 0.01). However, in the SSD group, this finding was not found. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the Persian BES is a reliable and valid scale of maladaptive beliefs about emotions which could be implemented for both clinical and research aims.

The Scale of Perfectionism and Excellencism (SCOPE): an adolescent-based validation study for the measurement of perfectionism and excellencism

ABSTRACT Objective We aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Scale of Perfectionism and Excellencism (SCOPE) in a novel sample, Australian adolescents. Method The cross-sectional sample consisted of 350 participants (79 male, 271 female; mean age 17.9 years, age range = 15–20 years) from a secondary 10 school and university who completed a web-based questionnaire. Results Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the original two-factor structure was replicated and invariant across gender, educational setting, and language (English as first or second language). Cronbach alphas indicated good internal consistency: Excellencism (.95) and Perfectionism (.97). We found evidence for divergent and convergent validity. Academic performance was associated with Excellencism, independent of 15 Perfectionism (partial r = .32; p < .01), with no discernible relationship with Perfectionism. We explored concurrent validity and found mixed results with associations being in the expected direction only for the criterion measures that might be conceptualised as capturing negative-type perfectionism. Conclusions This study provides valuable insights into SCOPE and the distinct constructs of Excellencism and Perfectionism. Findings indicate Excellencism is associated with more positive 20 academic and mental health outcomes compared to Perfectionism. Further research is warranted to explore long-term outcomes of these constructs to potentially inform educational practice, mental health promotion, and early intervention.

Perfectionism, mattering and loneliness in young adulthood of Generation-Z

IntroductionYoung adulthood is a transitional period where adults are faced with new social and psychological roles. So, in order to matter and to form relationship with others, they become vulnerable to set exaggerated high standards for themselves and others, which can eventually lead them to experience loneliness. ObjectivesThe present study aimed to determine the relationship of perfectionism, mattering with loneliness in young adults of Gen-Z after controlling for covariates. It was also aimed to find out gender differences on perfectionism, mattering and loneliness in young adults. MethodCorrelational research design was used. A sample of 320 students with age ranging from 18 to 24 years, was collected from seven different government and private universities of Lahore through purposive sampling. The sample comprised of 160 male students and 160 female students. Multidimensional perfectionism scale, Mattering scale and UCLA loneliness scale-3 were administered to measure perfectionism, mattering and loneliness respectively. ResultsPearson product moment correlation showed that closer relationship of young adults with father (p < .01), mother (p < .01) and friends (p < .05) had a significant negative relationship with loneliness. Results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that age was significant negative predictor of loneliness. Self-oriented, other-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism were significant positive predictors of loneliness. Mattering was significant negative predictor of loneliness. Independent sample t-test showed no significant differences between male and female students on perfectionism, mattering and loneliness. ConclusionPerfectionist individuals tend to set stringent standards for themselves and others as well. The more they engage in perfectionism, the more they tend to feel that they do not matter to others. Feeling of not mattering to others can possibly lead the person to experience loneliness.

Iranian EFL Students’ Perceptions of Foreign Language Writing Anxiety and Perfectionism in Essay Writing

&lt;em&gt;Mastering writing skills is an essential criterion for EFL students who desire to fully invest in their academic discipline. While it is crucial to develop numerous writing abilities to communicate effectively, the research shows that the affective variables, such as self-esteem, perfectionism, stress, anxiety, and burnout, exert a profound negative influence both on the process and product of writing. To explore the devastating effects of these constructs beyond, the study aims to investigate the interactive impact of anxiety and perfectionism on essay writing among Iranian EFL students (n=85). The Second Language Writing Anxiety Inventory of Cheng (2004) and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale of Hewitt and Flett (1990) were employed to measure the participants’ perceived writing anxiety and perfectionism. A quantitative research method was employed in the collection and analysis of the data. The results showed a medium level of FL writing anxiety and perfectionism among the participants. They also revealed that the most prevalent types of anxiety and perfectionism among them were cognitive and self-oriented, respectively. Finally, the results disclosed a strong positive relationship between their anxiety and perfectionistic tendencies. Thus, it was concluded that anxiety and perfectionism may interactively challenge EFL students more in their writing activities. The results are beneficial in deepening the understanding of teachers and researchers in the field pedagogically and practically.&lt;/em&gt;

완벽주의와 사회불안의 관계

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of need for approval(NA) on the relation between perfectionism and social anxiety(SA). To this end, Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale(HMPS), the Revised Martin-Larsen Approval Motivation Scale(RMLAM), Social Interaction Anxiety Scale(SIAS) and Social Phobia Scale(SPS) were used with 469 college students. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0. The results of this study were as follows. First, there was a significant correlation between self-oriented perfectionism(SOP), socially-prescribed perfectionism(SPP), NA, and SA. Second, SOP directly reduced SA and SPP directly increased SA. Third, SOP reduced SA by mediating NA and SPP increased SA by mediating NA. Based on the results of this study, counseling intervention methods for college students experiencing SA were discussed in terms of SOP, SPP, NA, and SA. Finally, the significance, limitations, and suggestions for further research were made.

Research on the Correlation Between Fear of Negative Evaluation and Perfectionism among College Students

A questionnaire based on the Chinese short version of the Negative Evaluation Terror Scale and Perfectionism Scale for College Students was used to study the psychological behavior of college students. The subjects of the study were 315 college students from different regions and grades in China. The questionnaire data based on the Negative Rating Terror Scale and Perfectionism Scale were counted and regression analysis was conducted using origin2021 to clarify the correlation between negative rating terror and perfectionism among college students. The study showed that the mean values of negative rating terror and perfectionism scores of college students gradually increased with increasing grades. The correlation between negative appraisal terror and perfectionism was positive, with a fit of 0.9959. The dimension of fear of making mistakes was the most critical factor affecting the mental health of college students. The influence of negative appraisal terror and perfectionism on college students mental health is synergistic.

Validating an Adapted Version of the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale: Testing Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance in Chinese Adolescents

Validating an Adapted Version of the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale: Testing Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance in Chinese Adolescents

Cognitive distortions and perfectionism during bipolar and unipolar depressive episode

BackgroundThe aim of the current study was to compare bipolar depression (BD) and unipolar depression (UD) patients and healthy controls in terms of their cognitive distortions and perfectionist traits during acute depressive episodes.ResultsThe current dissertation study is a cross-sectional study consisting of 80 patients with unipolar depression, 80 patients with bipolar depression, and 80 healthy controls. Sociodemographic and Clinical Data Form, Cognitive Distortion Scale (CDS), Frost’s Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) were used as measurement tools. Healthy controls were selected on the basis that they had the same gender and age distribution as the other participants. It was found that patients with unipolar and bipolar depression had statistically equal but higher total CDS interpersonal and personal achievement scores than healthy controls, and all subtypes of the CDS labeling score were higher in the unipolar depression group than in the other groups. It was found that both depression groups had higher FMPS self-oriented and social-oriented perfectionism scores than healthy controls, lower others-oriented perfectionism scores than healthy controls, and there were no statistically significant differences between them in terms of perfectionism subtypes.ConclusionsIn the light of the research data, it was found that the patients with bipolar/unipolar depression had more cognitive distortion than healthy controls and cognitive distortion was not significantly different in the two groups. According to the research data, it is observed that perfectionism is higher in unipolar depression than in bipolar depression. The data obtained have the potential to provide a theoretical basis for a psychotherapeutic approach.

Effectiveness of Contextual Schema Therapy for Extreme Perfectionism and Emotion Regulation in Individuals with Perfectionism Disorder

Background: Individuals are consistently influenced by ineffective core beliefs known as maladaptive schemas that develop during childhood and can pave the way for the appearance of problems such as extreme perfectionism. Therefore, therapeutic approaches are needed that can be effective for these schemas. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of contextual schema therapy (CST) on perfectionism and emotion regulation in individuals with perfectionism disorder. Methods: In this study, 12 individuals diagnosed with perfectionism disorder visiting the psychological service centers in Tehran in 2022 were purposively selected for this quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, mid-test, and post-test design. The participants underwent CST in 40 one-hour sessions and completed the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire in all three stages of the assessment. The data were analyzed using the repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) in SPSS-26. Results: The mean and standard deviation (SD) of perfectionism in the pre-test, mid-test, and post-test phases were 151.08 ± 18.97, 94.25 ± 12.48, and 67.58 ± 5.41, respectively. Moreover, the mean ± SD of emotion regulation in the pre-test, mid-test, and post-test phases were 40.25 ± 8.95, 45.50 ± 8.12, and 50.08 ± 7.94, respectively. The results demonstrated that the CST was effective for perfectionism across all assessment stages (P &lt; 0.001); however, this influence was not significant for emotion regulation during the mid-test stage. Conclusions: Contextual schema therapy led to a reduction in extreme perfectionism and an improvement in emotion regulation in individuals with perfectionism. It is suggested that CST be applied in psychological service centers to reduce perfectionism and emotion regulation strategies in clients.

Perfectionism in the anesthesiological environment

BackgroundPerfectionism today is understood as an individual's psychological conviction that the ideal can and should be achieved, and the imperfect result of work (physical, intellectual, etc.), in their opinion, has no right to exist.The purpose of the studyOur goal was to investigate levels and types of perfectionism among anesthesiology interns in comparison with the indicators of practicing anesthesiologists.Materials and methodsAn anonymous survey of 92 anesthesiology interns and 124 practicing anesthesiologists was conducted according to the Big-Three Perfectionism Scale (BTPS).ResultsThe mean general level of perfectionism was average, with the total BTPS score of 124,38 ± 14,47 out of 225 in interns and 105,97 ± 10,31 in practicing anesthesiologists (p < 0,05). Both interns and practicing doctors leaned toward rigid perfectionism (mean score 32,32 ± 3,32 out of 50 in interns and 33,33 ± 3,23—in practicing doctors, p < 0,05) and self-critical perfectionism, with the average score of 52,08 ± 4,37 out of 90 in interns and 42,87 ± 4,76 in postgraduates (p < 0,05). Narcissistic perfectionism is the factor with the least relative score in both groups (39,99 ± 7,61 out of 85 in interns and 29,77 ± 4,20 in practicing doctors, p < 0,05).ConclusionsNeither anesthesiology interns nor practicing anesthesiologists in general exhibited high levels of perfectionism. In both groups there was a moderate leaning towards rigid and self-critical perfectionism, which indicates a tendency for the individuals to set high standards for themselves and base their own self-worth on meeting these standards. In interns, the general perfectionism levels were significantly higher than in practicing doctors. Also the self-critical type was more prominent among interns. This might indicate a sense of pressure to meet unrealistic outside expectations and an impostor syndrome which is common for the people at the start of their careers, but it’s also a significant risk factor for future burnout.

Constructing the adaptive sports perfectionism scale for players of some sports clubs in Nineveh Governorate

constructing the adaptive sports perfectionism scale for players of some sports clubs in Nineveh Governorate

Effect of perfectionism on self-other blame in driving situations

Previous studies have reported mixed findings regarding the associations between perfectionism and self-other-blame. We used an online survey to investigate the association between perfectionism and self-other-blame in driving situations. We evaluated the perfectionism traits of drivers (N = 4681) by utilizing the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS). This scale comprises three subscales: self-oriented perfectionism, other-oriented perfectionism, and socially prescribed perfectionism. The participants also watched short movie clips depicting near-miss traffic incidents. We instructed them to imagine themselves as the drivers in the movies and rate their own and the other driver's culpability. The results revealed that individuals with high levels of socially prescribed perfectionism and low levels of other-oriented perfectionism are more prone to experiencing more self-blame. Additionally, individuals with high levels of other-oriented perfectionism tend to blame others more. These results align with previous research and suggest that perfectionism is linked not only to the personality trait of self-other-blame but also to self-other-blame as acute responses to specific situations, including those encountered while driving. We suggest further investigating acute responses and personality traits related to self-other-blame to explain the association between perfectionism and self-other-blame better.

Parent burnout in the COVID-19 pandemic: In the context of personality traits, perfectionism, and demographic variables

The aim of this study is to examine the burnout levels of parents during the COVID-19 pandemic within the framework of personality traits, perfectionism, and demographic variables. Data were derived from Personal Information Form, International Personality Inventory Short Version, the Big Three Perfectionism Scale&amp;ndash;Short Form, and Parent Burnout Assessment. In total, 584 parents (333 mothers, 251 fathers, Mage = 39.93; SD = 6.33) living in T&amp;uuml;rkiye during COVID-19 lockdown participated in the survey. Results showed that the level of parent burnout differs according to the parent&amp;rsquo;s gender, the child&amp;rsquo;s age, the time spent with the child, the perception of the emotional relationship with the spouse, and the work form during the pandemic. Personality differences in parent burnout were explored according to the Five Factor Theory of Personality. A high level of neuroticism, a high level of introversion, and a low level of conscientiousness were found to be risk factors for parent burnout. Results indicated that parent burnout is also positively related to perfectionism, in particular self-critical perfectionism, and does not differ according to parents&amp;rsquo; COVID-19 experiences. This study provides some useful information and guidelines for mental health professionals in preventive and therapeutic practices for parent burnout that may have negative effects on parents, children, and families. It is also a rare study that included the representation of fathers in the context of parent burnout.

The Association between Nonsuicidal Self-Injury and Perfectionism in Adolescence: The Role of Mental Disorders.

Previous evidence has drawn attention to the fact that maladaptive perfectionism is a risk factor for engagement in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). Until now, few studies have examined this topic, especially among community adolescents. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between perfectionism dimensions and NSSI functions to examine the potential mediating effect of mental disorders. Altogether, 146 Hungarian community adolescents (ages 13-18 years) were involved. All participants completed the Hungarian adaptation of the Inventory of Statements about Self-Injury (ISAS), the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS), and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Kid. To analyse the interrelationships among NSSI, perfectionism, and mental disorders, we conducted regression and network analysis. Of the 146 adolescents, 90 (61.64%, girls: 71.11%) engaged in NSSI. The Concern over Mistakes and Doubts about Action scales of the FMPS significantly and positively predicted both NSSI intrapersonal and interpersonal motivation, with comparable effect sizes, and this association was fully mediated by anxiety disorders. There was a significant direct negative relationship between the FMPS Organisation dimension and both main NSSI functions. This study draws attention to an increasing trend and the extremely high NSSI prevalence rate among community adolescents. Adolescents with perfectionistic concerns are at heightened risk for anxiety disorders, which can increase their vulnerability to NSSI engagement.

Perfectionism and Life Satisfaction in Gifted Students

This study examines the relationship between gifted students' perfectionism and life satisfaction. It also aims to understand how perfectionism and life satisfaction differ according to variables such as gender, parental education level, number of siblings, and grade level for gifted students. The relational survey method, one of the quantitative research methods, was used. The sample of the study consists of 395 gifted 5th–8th grade students. The Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale and the Life Satisfaction Scale were used to collect data within the scope of this research. Some findings show that life satisfaction and positive perfectionism were high and negative perfectionism low among gifted secondary school students. When their positive perfectionism increases, their life satisfaction increases, and when their positive perfectionism decreases, their life satisfaction decreases. The life satisfaction of gifted students does not differ according to their gender, and negative perfectionism was significantly higher in girls. The life satisfaction of the gifted student who was the only child in the family was higher than that of the gifted student who had two or more siblings. The life satisfaction of the gifted student whose mother had a master's degree or above was higher than that of others. As gifted students move from 5th to 8th grade, their life satisfaction decreases and their negative perfectionism increases.

Profiling orthorexia nervosa in young adults: the role of obsessive behaviour, perfectionism, and self-esteem

BackgroundOrthorexia nervosa (ON) is a relatively new potential eating disorder characterized by an intense fixation on one’s eating habits and the imposition of rigid and inflexible rules on oneself. Psychological factors such as obsessive–compulsive tendencies, perfectionism and self-esteem may interact in complex ways and contribute to the development and maintenance of ON.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 977 participants from Italy, Lebanon, and Poland. Participants completed a questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic information, the Eating Habits Questionnaire, Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory, Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-44, Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups of individuals with common psychological characteristics associated with ON.ResultsThree distinct clusters were identified based on their levels of obsession-compulsive beliefs, perfectionism, and self-esteem. The first group, labeled “High Self-Mastery,” consisted of 37.0% of participants and exhibited low levels of obsession-compulsion, obsessive beliefs, and perfectionism, but high self-esteem. The second group, “Moderate Self-Mastery,” comprised 39.5% of participants and had moderate levels of these traits. The third group, “Low Self-Mastery,” consisted of 23.6% of participants and exhibited the highest levels of obsession-compulsion, obsessive beliefs, and perfectionism, but the lowest self-esteem. Additionally, a multivariable analysis revealed that being Lebanese (Beta = 3.39) and belonging to the last cluster (Beta = 4.53) were significantly associated with higher ON tendencies.ConclusionOur findings show that individuals with low self-mastery, characterized by low self-esteem and high levels of obsessive perfectionism, are more likely to exhibit ON tendencies. This study emphasizes the need to have a comprehensive understanding of how cultural and psychological factors interact in the development of eating disorders.