Perfect Correspondence Research Articles

Pentagonal Symmetry in Aperiodic Cyclic Multiply Twinned Nano- and Mesodiamonds.

This Review provides the first comprehensive overview of the structure and properties of exotic sp3-crystalline aperiodic cyclic multiply twinned nano- (10-100 nm) and meso- (up to 1 mm) diamond particles (MTPs) exhibiting pentagonal symmetry. It spans their independent experimental discoveries (1963, 1964, 1972, and 1983) and theoretical structural insights (1993) to recent advancements. The Review focuses on high-symmetry MTPs formed by the fusion of multiple cubic diamond fragments through [111] facets. The sp3 diamond lattice of individual fragments offers a vast range of MTP varieties. These particles are shown to be a special case of aperiodic crystalline solids with limited dimensions and rotational symmetry, leading to a breakdown of translational invariance. Detailed mathematical analysis of the MTPs' lattices highlights the crucial role of central cores in determining the symmetry and effective dimensions of these structures. Both structural and kinetic aspects of the formation mechanisms of pentagonal diamond particles are considered, revealing the main role of embryo seeds (low fullerenes, polyhexacyclo[5.5.1.12,6.18,12.03,11.05,9]pentadecane (C15), and polyheptacyclo[5.5.1.12,7.19,14.03,13.06,11]octadecane (C18)) in determining the MTPs' symmetry and structure. The effective dimensions of multiply twinned diamonds are shown to be limited by structural stress caused by the mismatch of perfect pentagonal and tetrahedral dihedral angles. The extraordinary mechanical and electronic properties of multiply twinned diamonds are discussed, highlighting that hexagonal interfaces between cubic diamond fragments may determine exceptional ultrahard and quantum characteristics. The MTP X-ray diffraction spectra reveal clear pentagonal patterns with single (diamond decahedrons or dodecahedrons) or ten (diamond icosahedra) central 5-fold axes. A comparative analysis of experimental structural data and simulations at different theoretical levels demonstrates a perfect correspondence of theoretical models with crystalline lattices.

Clustering methods: To optimize or to not optimize?

Many clustering problems are associated with a particular objective criterion that is sought to be optimized. There are often several methods that can be used to tackle the optimization problem, and one or more of them might guarantee a globally optimal solution. However, it is quite possible that, relative to one or more suboptimal solutions, a globally optimal solution might be less interpretable from the standpoint of psychological theory or be less in accordance with some known (i.e., true) cluster structure. For example, in simulation experiments, it has sometimes been observed that there is not a perfect correspondence between the optimized clustering criterion and recovery of the underlying known cluster structure. This can lead to the misconception that clustering methods with a tendency to produce suboptimal solutions might, in some instances, be preferable to superior methods that provide globally optimal (or at least better locally optimal) solutions. In this article, we present results from simulation studies in the context of K-median clustering where departure from global optimality was carefully controlled. Although the results showed that suboptimal solutions sometimes produced marginally better recovery for experimental cells where the known cluster structure was less well-defined, capriciously accepting inferior solutions is an unwise practice. However, there are instances in which some sacrifice in the optimization criterion value to meet certain desirable constraints or to improve the value of one or more other relevant criteria is principled. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography for the differential diagnosis of porokeratosis from clinical simulators: a preliminary study.

Porokeratosis variants are relatively rare and can be clinically misdiagnosed with several common papulo-keratosic simulators. Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) is a new technology able to explore the skin in vivo up to 500µm depth. In this preliminary study we aimed to investigate the role of LC-OCT in the diagnosis of many porokeratosis variants. A total of 54 patients (28 was affected by one among 13 porokeratosis variants, 26 had a simulator condition) were examined at lesional and perilesional sites in vertical and horizontal view. We found an almost perfect interobserver agreement in LC-OCT images interpretation and a perfect correspondence with histologic slides. In addition, a series of morphologic in vivo and 3D features related to the cornoid lamella were detected by LC-OCT, not visible under histology. This device can be proposed for rapid bed-side non-invasive differentiation of porokeratosis variants from their simulators, possibly sparing incisional biopsy in doubtful cases.

Pascal’s “Order of the Heart” in Phenomenological Value-Theory

Among those enthused by Pascal’s pithy remark that “the heart has its reasons of which reason knows nothing” are phenomenological value-theorists. What makes Pascal particularly attractive to these phenomenologists is the suggestion that the heart has reasons, and reasons of its own, which resonates with the quasi-cognitive function that they ascribe to feeling. Feelings apprehend values, which are genuine objects that display an essential order and a rank distinct from the objects of reason. In this paper, I introduce and evaluate Pascal’s reception in phenomenological axiology. I begin by reviewing the philosophical position that for the phenomenological value-theorists corresponds to the Pascalian notion of the order of the heart (I). I then turn to Pascal and explore the notion of the order of the heart, especially in relation to the order of reason, in his thought (II). Finally, I evaluate the legitimacy of the attribution of the phenomenological position to Pascal, arguing that, while there is not a perfect correspondence, there is an affinity that warrants the phenomenologists’ allusions to Pascal (III).

SHC: soft-hard correspondences framework for simplifying point cloud registration

Point cloud registration is a multifaceted problem that involves a series of procedures. Many deep learning methods employ complex structured networks to achieve robust registration performance. However, these intricate structures can amplify the challenges of network learning and impede gradient propagation. To address this concern, the soft-hard correspondence (SHC) framework is introduced in the present paper to streamline the registration problem. The framework encompasses two modes: the hard correspondence mode, which transforms the registration problem into a correspondence pair search problem, and the soft correspondence mode, which addresses this new problem. The simplification of the problem provides two advantages. First, it eliminates the need for intermediate operations that lead to error fusion and counteraction, thereby improving gradient propagation. Second, a perfect solution is not necessary to solve the new problem, since accurate registration results can be achieved even in the presence of errors in the found pairs. The experimental results demonstrate that SHC successfully simplifies the registration problem. It achieves performance comparable to complex networks using a simple network and can achieve zero error on datasets with perfect correspondence pairs.

Conceptualizing Correlated Residuals as Item-Level Method Effects in Confirmatory Factor Analysis.

Conceptualizing two-variable disturbances preventing good model fit in confirmatory factor analysis as item-level method effects instead of correlated residuals avoids violating the principle that residual variation is unique for each item. The possibility of representing such a disturbance by a method factor of a bifactor measurement model was investigated with respect to model identification. It turned out that a suitable way of realizing the method factor is its integration into a fixed-links, parallel-measurement or tau-equivalent measurement submodel that is part of the bifactor model. A simulation study comparing these submodels revealed similar degrees of efficiency in controlling the influence of two-variable disturbances on model fit. Perfect correspondence characterized the fit results of the model assuming correlated residuals and the fixed-links model, and virtually also the tau-equivalent model.

Variable Copying Sites in Truku Cə- Reduplication

Based on 424 firsthand data, this paper provides an in-depth investigation on Cə- reduplication in Truku, which varies between first root-consonant (C1-) and second root-consonant (C2-) copying. The variation has previously been proposed to be either phonologically governed by the presence of glottal stop or semantically governed, dependent upon whether reciprocity is denoted. This paper shows that although both proposals are plausible, they are inconsistent with the data available in previous studies as well as the firsthand data collected for this study. This paper shows instead that the variation of the copying site is both semantically and phonologically governed. Semantically, reciprocity and plurality together behave differently from other semantic functions such as purpose and simultaneously doing X. Phonologically, for semantic functions that exhibit variation between C1ə- and C2ə- reduplication, the variation is governed by the phonological features of the initial and the second consonant of the root and are driven by the competition of different forces: the force to prevent marked segments (i.e., [ʔ, ɣ, ħ]) and sequences (i.e., [jə, wə, xə, mə]) in the reduplicant and the force to achieve perfect correspondence between the reduplicant and the base, which are nicely captured by constraint interactions in Optimality Theory.

Intervention selection profile-function: An examination of decisional accuracy relative to traditional FBA data.

The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of function-based decisions made in consideration of scores from the Intervention Selection Profile-Function (ISP-Function), a tool founded upon direct behavior rating (DBR) methodology. The ISP-Function is designed to be a brief measure, given the need for efficient and low-resource assessments in schools. Data from a previous investigation were used to create data reports for each of 34 elementary students with a history of exhibiting disruptive behavior in the classroom. The first report summarized ISP-Function data that the student's classroom teacher collected. The second report was representative of more typical functional behavior assessment (FBA), summarizing data collected via a functional assessment interview with the teacher, as well as systematic direct observation data. Nine school psychologists conducted blind reviews of these reports and derived decisions regarding the function of each student's behavior (e.g., adult attention or escape/avoidance). Gwet's agreement coefficients were statistically significant and suggested fair to almost perfect correspondence between ISP-Function and FBA reports. Limitations and implications for practice are discussed herein. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Uncertainty-Driven Dense Two-View Structure From Motion

This work introducesan effective and practical solution to the dense two-view structure from motion (S <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> M) problem. One vital question addressed is how to mindfully use per-pixel optical flow correspondence betweentwo frames for accurate pose estimation—as perfect per-pixel correspondence between two images is difficult, if not impossible, to establish. With the carefully estimated camera pose and predicted per-pixel optical flow correspondences, a dense depth of the scene is computed. Later, an iterative refinement procedure is introduced to further improve optical flow matching confidence, camera pose, and depth, exploiting their inherent dependency in rigid S <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> M. The fundamental idea presented is to benefit from per-pixel uncertainty in the optical flow estimation and provide robustness to the dense S <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> M system via an online refinement. Concretely, we introduce a pipeline consisting of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(i)</i> an uncertainty-aware dense optical flow estimation approach that provides per-pixel correspondence with their confidence score of matching; <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(ii)</i> a weighted dense bundle adjustment formulation that depends on optical flow uncertainty and bidirectional optical flow consistency to refine both pose and depth; <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(iii)</i> A depth estimation network that considers its consistency with the estimated poses and optical flow respecting epipolar constraint. Extensive experiments show that the proposed approach achieves remarkable depth accuracy and state-of-the-art camera pose results superseding SuperPoint and SuperGlue accuracy when tested on benchmark datasets such as DeMoN, YFCC100 M, and ScanNet.

Bandgap and Vibration Suppression Mechanisms of Novel Star‐Shaped Hybrid Metamaterials

Herein, a novel star‐shaped hybrid acoustic metamaterial structure is proposed. Based on Bloch's theorem and the finite element method, the bandgap characteristics and the bandgap formation mechanism of different combinations of structures are first analyzed. Then, the propagation characteristics of elastic waves in Model C2 are studied with focus on equal frequency contours, phase velocity, and group velocity. And the attenuation of elastic waves in the finite size structure of Model C2 illustrates that the elastic waves are effectively suppressed in the bandgap frequency range, which further confirms the perfect correspondence between the bandgap and the vibration attenuation region. Finally, the influence of structural parameters on the bandgap is analyzed, as well as the change of the bandgap when the structure undergoes large deformation, which can realize the tunability and flexibility of the bandgap. This study provides important clues for the design of vibration isolators and metamaterials, and shows the good engineering application potential of the structure for vibration isolation.

Efficient and Outlier-Robust Simultaneous Pose and Correspondence Determination by Branch-and-Bound and Transformation Decomposition.

Estimating the pose of a calibrated camera relative to a 3D point set from one image is an important task in computer vision. Perspective-n-Point algorithms are often used if perfect 2D-3D correspondences are known. However, it is difficult to determine 2D-3D correspondences perfectly, and then the simultaneous pose and correspondence determination problem is needed to be solved. Early methods aimed to solve this problem by local optimization. Recently, several new methods are proposed to globally solve this problem by using branch-and-bound (BnB) method, but they tend to be slow because the time complexity of the BnB-based methods is exponential to the dimensionality of the parameter space, and they directly search the 6D parameter space. In this paper, we propose to decompose the joint searching into two separate searching processes by introducing a rotation invariant feature (RIF). Specifically, we construct RIFs from the original 3D and 2D point sets and search for the globally optimal translation to match these two RIFs first. Then, the original 3D point set is translated and matched with the 2D point set to find a globally optimal rotation. Experiments on challenging data show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of both speed and accuracy.

Is χc1(3872) generated from string breaking?

We show, from a diabatic analysis of Lattice results for string breaking, that mixing of $Q\bar{Q}$ with open-flavor meson-meson configurations may be expressed through a mixing potential which is order $1 / m_{Q}$. A relation between the minimum string breaking energy gap and the string tension comes out naturally. Using this relation, and matching the energy gap for $b\bar{b}$ with Lattice QCD data, we study the mixing in the $c\bar{c}$ case without any additional parameter. A $1^{++}$ bound state very close below the ${D}^{0}\bar{D}^{\ast 0}$ threshold, in perfect correspondence with $\chi_{c1}(3872)$, is predicted.

T2-Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery Mismatch Sign in Grade II and III Gliomas: Is There a Coexisting T2-Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Mismatch?

To determine whether the T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2-FLAIR) mismatch sign in diffuse gliomas is associated with an equivalent pattern of disparity in signal intensities when comparing T2- and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). The level of correspondence between T2-FLAIR and T2-DWI evaluations in 34 World Health Organization grade II/III gliomas and interreader agreement among 3 neuroradiologists were assessed by calculating intraclass correlation coefficient and κ statistics, respectively. Tumoral apparent diffusion coefficient values were compared using t test. There was an almost perfect correspondence between the 2 mismatch signs (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.824 [95% confidence interval, 0.68-0.91]) that were associated with higher mean tumoral apparent diffusion coefficient (P < 0.01). Interreader agreement was substantial for T2-FLAIR (Fleiss κ = 0.724) and moderate for T2-DWI comparisons (Fleiss κ = 0.589) (P < 0.001). The T2-FLAIR mismatch sign is usually reflected by a distinct microstructural pattern on DWI. The management of this tumor subtype may benefit from specifically tailored imaging assessments.

Whole-genome sequencing analysis reveals pig as the main reservoir for persistent evolution of Salmonella enterica serovar Rissen causing human salmonellosis

Salmonella enterica serovar Rissen is recognized as one of the most common serotypes in pigs and pig products in many countries and can be transmitted to human through the consumption of contaminated food. To reveal the genetic characteristics of S. Rissen, 39 isolates from human and animal food were subjected to whole-genome sequencing analysis combined with 337 genome sequences downloaded from the NCBI Assembly database. Core genome single nucleotide polymorphism (cgSNP) divided these S. Rissen isolates into two clusters, of which cluster A included 78.3% of American isolates, while cluster B was mainly composed of isolates from China, Asia, and the UK. The 39 S. Rissen isolates located in cluster B were further divided into two subclusters with cluster B-1 of 26 isolates from both humans and food, while cluster B-2 consisted of 13 isolates from animal food, mainly pork. CRISPR typing and cgMLST of the 39 isolates showed perfect correspondence to cgSNP results of their phylogenetic relationship. Virulence factors analysis revealed that ABZJ_0085 and ABZJ_0086 genes presenting in cluster B-2 were lost in cluster B-1. Additionally, antimicrobial resistance gene profiles showed qnrS1, cmlA1, and tet(M) could be detected in cluster B-2 other than cluster B-1. The findings of the divergent difference between cluster B-1 and cluster B-2 demonstrated that S. Rissen was continuously evolved through the pork production chain. In conclusion, pigs are the main reservoir for S. Rissen capable of causing human nontyphoid salmonellosis.

Verification of Natural Marking for Individual Identification Using a Duplex Marking Approach in Ijima's Sea Snakes, Emydocephalus ijimae (Reptilia: Elapidae).

The mark and recapture method for free-ranging animals provides valuable information in ecological studies. Recently, natural marking has become more frequently used for individual identification, but it almost inevitably induces problems associated with the corroboration of individual specificity and the persistence of the given markings. We employed a duplex natural marking approach to resolve this problem over a four-year field study of a banded hydrophine sea snake and tested the effectiveness of this approach in corroborating the accuracy of individual identification. We conducted monthly field surveys in southwestern Japanese waters and photographed the patterns of the last five bands on each captured sea snake. We converted the band patterns into profile codes with five sections (one section corresponding to each band), according to the scale configurations involved in the bands. We considered the bilateral band patterns as a duplex set of natural markings for individual identification and checked their accuracy mutually. We looked at 593 photos of recorded snakes and recognized 179 unique profile codes on both the left and right sides, 96 of which were recorded more than once on both side. A particular code for the left side was always accompanied by a particular code on the right side in the same combination. It is certain that the 593 recorded snakes consisted of 179 snakes and their recaptures. The perfect correspondence between the left and right side profile codes throughout the four years showed the high individual uniqueness and persistence of each pattern. This study also showed that the duplex natural marking approach is effective in verifying the accurate individual identification. The duplex natural marking approach can be applied to various animals to justify the usage of a given natural marker for individual identification, without the aid of combined artificial markings. The duplex method itself can be a combination of the first five bands and the next five bands on the same side in a single photo, or a combination of some patterns on the head and those on the body.

Circumventing coalition oversight in multiparty governments: Bill referral to parliamentary committees in the Finnish Eduskunta

Existing research largely agrees that to minimize ministerial drift, political parties in multiparty governments tend to use parliamentary committees to monitor each other. Particularly, they strive to chair parliamentary committees corresponding to ministerial departments to keep tabs on their ruling partners. Yet, policing ministerial activities through a chair-based monitoring system requires perfect correspondence of jurisdictions between ministries and committees. We suggest that when perfect correspondence is absent, ministerial parties may strategically circumvent committee oversight. Specifically, motivated by policy preference divergence with the coalition partner, ministers can draft proposals to make their referral to a friendlier committee more likely than referral to a hostile watchdog committee chaired by the partner. Our analysis of committee referrals of over 2800 ministerial proposals from the Finnish Eduskunta (2001–2015) confirms this expectation. The results, therefore, bring important new insights to our understanding of parliamentary scrutiny and partner oversight under coalition governments.

Grouping effects in immediate reconstruction of order and the preconditions for long-term learning.

One commonly acknowledged role of working memory is to set up conditions for new learning. Yet, it has long been understood that there is not a perfect correspondence between conditions leading to good immediate recall from working memory and conditions leading to good delayed recall from long-term memory. Here, in six experiments, we investigated the relation between grouping effects in immediate and delayed reconstruction of order for word lists. There has been a striking absence of tests of grouping effects in long-term memory. In the first four experiments, items within groups are presented concurrently, which encourages associations between items in a group. Despite that presumably favourable situation for group learning, in Experiments 1 and 2 we found effects of grouping only in immediate order reconstruction and not in delayed reconstruction. When more processing time was allowed (Experiments 3 and 4), grouping effects in both immediate and delayed order reconstruction were obtained. Experiment 5 showed that, with items presented one at a time, but with roughly the same amount of processing time and spatial separation as the previous two experiments, grouping effects were obtained neither in immediate order reconstruction nor in delayed reconstruction. However, in Experiment 6 with a more salient manipulation of grouping, effects of grouping were obtained in immediate order reconstruction, but not in delayed reconstruction. In sum, we demonstrated for the first time that there are mechanisms of temporal grouping that assist working memory but are relatively ineffective for long-term learning, in contrast to more effective, concurrent presentation.

Extreme Convective Events in the Lofoten Basin

Strong oceanic convection plays a crucial role in the variability of the global climate. In this study, we investigate extreme convection in the Lofoten Basin (LB) of the Norwegian Sea using Argo profiles. Mixed layer depth (MLD) is the main metric characterizing convection intensity. MLD exceeds 1000 m in March–April and December 2010 in the Lofoten Basin Eddy (LBE), whereas the mean MLD is about 200 m and seldom exceeds 400 m in the basin. We connect the extreme convection events with water volume formed at mid-depth of the central LB, between 1000 m depth and the isosteric surface s07. Analytical assessments of final mixing depth demonstrate perfect correspondence to measured values of MLD, indicating variations in the buoyancy flux and stratification as the main reasons for MLD variability in the basin. This variability is easily explained as a result of heat release to the atmosphere over the basin. Atmospheric conditions during extreme convection events are described. Northerly winds are as common as dominating southwesterly winds during the months with extreme convective events. We analyze 32 cases of extreme convective events with MLD exceeding 350 m and reveal that composite maps of sea level pressure (SLP) and surface heat flux match well with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)−/East Atlantic Pattern (EAP)− pattern of atmospheric variability in the Northern Atlantic, with the negative NAO pattern prevailing in the climate during winter–spring. The heat release is the major trigger of extreme convection. We establish the stronger heat release associated with the extreme convection events in the LB.

A new concept for a mini ducted wind turbine system

Wind energy is foreseen to represent one of the most important drivers in the transition to a clean energy system. On one hand, the major trend is to increase the turbines’ height and rotor size so as to improve the economy of scale. On the other hand, another approach that is receiving large interest is the so-called Ducted Wind Turbines that allows to significantly improve the turbines performance with reduced dimensions aiming at designing systems that could be integrated in the urban environment. This paper studies the optimal configuration of a mini- Ducted Wind Turbine by analysing, through numerical simulation and critical discussions, several different configurations varying the most critical geometric features of the system. The impact of such changes is analysed at varying wind speed and direction so as to also test the omnidirectionality of the system. Results of the final model are then compared with a similar turbine installed in open field showing that thanks to the mini Ducted Wind Turbine system is possible to exploit up to 432% more energy than a traditional system. Nevertheless, the final system still does not present a full omnidirectionality as it experiences an inversion of flux for wind directions that are contrary to the turbine axis. Finally the numerical simulations have been validated through the wind tunnel tests. The results show that for low air velocity 5–6 m/s, there is a perfect correspondence between the numerical and experimental values and the relative percentage difference between the two methods is less than 1%.

Artichoke Extract as an Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Zinc in 1 M Hydrochloric Acid Solution

Artichoke extract (AE) was studied as the corrosion inhibitor for zinc in 1 M HCl utilizing chemical and electrochemical methods. The adsorption isotherm of Artichoke extract on Zn surface accords with Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The inhibition efficiency increases with increasing the extract's concentration and decreases with the rise in the medium's temperature. The inhibition efficiency reached a value of 93.2% at 300 ppm of extract. This extract may be forming a film and acts as a barrier, which minimizes the contact area between zinc surface and HCl solution. Artichoke extract acts as a mixed inhibitor in HCl solution. Thermodynamic parameters of activation and adsorption were determined and explained. The adsorption parameters also obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and the sign of the free energy of adsorption showed a spontaneous process. The surface morphology of zinc metal was examined by employing various techniques. Also, the biological effect of the Artichoke extract was studied. Theoretical studies of quantum mechanics and molecular dynamics simulations studies were carried out on the Artichoke extract compounds, and the results agree with the experimental one. The efficiencies marked from all employed techniques were in perfect correspondence, demonstrating the validity of these procedures.