Perfect Binding Research Articles

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 5-nitropyrimidine-2,4-dione analogues as inhibitors of nitric oxide and iNOS activity.

Fifty two compounds based on 5-nitropyrimidine-2,4-dione moiety have been synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory potency on the production of nitric oxide. Among them, compound 36 inhibited the production of nitric oxide (IC50 : 8.6 μm) on lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells and inducible nitric oxide synthase activity (IC50 : 6.2 μm), as well as exerted no potential cytotoxicity (IC50 > 80.0 μm). Docking study confirmed that compound 36 was an inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor with perfect binding to the active site of inducible nitric oxide synthase. At a dose of 10 mg/kg, oral administration of 36 possessed protective properties in carrageenan-induced paw edema of male ICR mice.

Sticky surface: sphere–sphere adhesion dynamics

We present a multi-scale model to study the attachment of spherical particles with a rigid core, coated with binding ligands and suspended in the surrounding, quiescent fluid medium. This class of fluid-immersed adhesion is widespread in many natural and engineering settings, particularly in microbial surface adhesion. Our theory highlights how the micro-scale binding kinetics of these ligands, as well as the attractive/repulsive surface potential in an ionic medium affects the eventual macro-scale size distribution of the particle aggregates (flocs). The bridge between the micro–macro model is made via an aggregation kernel. Results suggest that the presence of elastic ligands on the particle surface lead to the formation of larger floc aggregates via efficient inter-floc collisions (i.e. non-zero sticking probability, g). Strong electrolytic composition of the surrounding fluid favours large floc formation as well. The kernel for the Brownian diffusion for hard spheres is recovered in the limit of perfect binding effectiveness (g→1) and in a neutral solution with no dissolved salts.

69 DNA-binding studies of large antiviral polyamides

Polyamides are minor groove DNA-binding agents derived from the natural product distamycin A. PA1 is a large 12 ring polyamide discovered by NanoVir LLC; it is bioactive against the HPV16 virus in cell and tissue culture (Edwards et al., 2011). To better understand the basis of this phenomenon, the interactions of PA1 with the regulatory sequence of the HPV16 genome (7662–122 bp) are being examined. Using affinity cleavage as detected by capillary electrophoresis, with PA1 attached to methyl propyl ethidium iron EDTA, 10 binding sites of PA1 were identified in this part of the HPV genome. Polyamide perfect binding sites were as predicted by recognition rules (Dervan & Edelson, 2003). Quantitative DNaseI footprinting indicates that both perfect and single mismatch sites are bound with Kds in the low nm range. Interestingly, a wide range of Kds are observed for double mismatch sites (1–60 nm) and are under examination. This work will permit us to build a map of PA binding to HPV sequences, thus informing mechanisms of in vivo behavior.

Pronouns and Reflexives Revisited

The main purpose of this paper is to provide an illustration of why a reflexive cannot bind a pronoun. There has been a controversy in theoretical syntax as to why a reflexive cannot bind a pronoun. To answer the question of why caki ‘self’ cannot bind ku ‘he’ in configurations where ku ‘he’ is linked to caki ‘self’, we propose in this paper that a pronoun X cannot be bound to its antecedent Y if a less referential reflexive Z precedes the more referential pronoun X. A consequence of adopting this idea as a condition on binding phenomena is that a more referential pronoun must precede a less referential reflexive. Thus our analysis has the effect of the hierarchy in (i): (i) antecedent ＞ more referential pronoun ＞ less referential reflexive. Also, we argue in this paper that two occurrences of either reflexives or pronouns without an antecedent can both bear the same index. We assume that topic-prominent languages such as Korean allow zero topics that bind the two occurrences of either reflexives or pronouns and that reflexives or pronouns in subject and object positions are variables bound by empty topics. Finally, we demonstrate that the two occurrences of reflexives and pronouns yield the perfect reading and binding phenomena in sentences with reflexives and pronouns in series can be captured properly through linking rather than through coindexing.

The Bulky Paper Properties Influence on the Adhesive Bond Strength

Abstract Adhesive bond strength depends on adherend, adhesive and interphase zone. Adhesive joint includes bonded areas or binding edges across bonded layer. Research of adhesive bond strength focuses on understanding the properties of bulky paper associated with formation of the interphase and adhesive joint failure mode. The key contributors of good adhesive bond strength are paper rough surface necessary for mechanical interlocking, adequate adhesive flow and adaptationfor intimate interaction and acceptable adhesive setting time. Change of parameters has strong influence on final adhesive joint formation. Adhesive bond strength assessment involves adhesive joint strength determination. Pull test method is used for adhesive joint failure mode characterization. Furthermore, adhesive joint strength results directly explain bulky paper bind ability by perfect binding technique. FOGRA recommendation rating directly confirms paperback binding quality with bulky paper application. Understanding of bulky paper bind ability involves comprehensive physiochemical knowledge of material (paper, adhesive). In addition, this binding technique is more unique because of its interest for adhesive joint formation.

Rapid Generation of MicroRNA Sponges for MicroRNA Inhibition

MicroRNA (miRNA) sponges are transcripts with repeated miRNA antisense sequences that can sequester miRNAs from endogenous targets. MiRNA sponges are valuable tools for miRNA loss-of-function studies both in vitro and in vivo. We developed a fast and flexible method to generate miRNA sponges and tested their efficiency in various assays. Using a single directional ligation reaction we generated sponges with 10 or more miRNA binding sites. Luciferase and AGO2-immuno precipitation (IP) assays confirmed effective binding of the miRNAs to the sponges. Using a GFP competition assay we showed that miR-19 sponges with central mismatches in the miRNA binding sites are efficient miRNA inhibitors while sponges with perfect antisense binding sites are not. Quantification of miRNA sponge levels suggests that this is at least in part due to degradation of the perfect antisense sponge transcripts. Finally, we provide evidence that combined inhibition of miRNAs of the miR-17∼92 cluster results in a more effective growth inhibition as compared to inhibition of individual miRNAs. In conclusion, we describe and validate a method to rapidly generate miRNA sponges for miRNA loss-of-function studies.

Classification of Real and Pseudo pre-miRNAs in Plant Species

Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are an important class of small non-coding RNAs which play a crucial role in gene regulation at the translational level. Both perfect and nearly perfect binding of miRNAs through base complementary could cause translation inhibition. Identification of miRNAs in organisms has mostly been focused on precursors of miRNAs (pre-miRNAs). These pre-miRNAs are found only in non-coding regions. However, pseudo pre-miRNAs, which are RNA sequences in the coding region, can be folded as hairpin structures. The classification of real and pseudo miRNAs is more complicated for plants, when compared to animals, due to their wider diversity. This study aims to extract the features of pre-miRNAs for classifying real and pseudo pre-miRNAs in plants and compare classification performance of five different machine learning approaches. Stochastic-based Random Forest and Naïve Bayes Classifier showed the best classification performance with over 90% accuracy using 10-fold cross-validation and over 85% accuracy using cross-dataset validation.

Micromechanical analysis of off-axis loading of fiber reinforced composites with imperfect interface bonding

A micromechanical method based on generalized method of cells for investigating elastic and plastic response of composites subjected to off-axis loading is presented. Through implementing the formulas of interfacial displacement into average displacement continuity, the relationship between sub-cell strain rate and macro-strain rate is constructed in the condition of composites with wake interface bonding. On this basis, microstructure parameters, such as fiber cross-section shape, fiber volume fraction, are considered. Numerical results indicate that increasing fiber volume fraction will decrease the flow stress of composites in the condition of weak interfacial bonding. While the tendency is independent on fiber cross-section shape. Also, the effect of off-axis tensile strength tends to be weakened with the increase of off-axis angle in the condition of weak interfacial bonding. However, square fiber always provides more flow stress than circular fiber in both perfect interfacial binding and weak interfacial bonding.

The Design and Simulation Analysis to the Cap and Pin Type Porcelain Insulators’ Automatic Glue-Fitting Machine

It has designed a set of equipment which could automatically assemble porcelain insulator. And taking UG NX software as a tool, it has done a motion simulation to the whole perfect binding process, at the same time, it also has done advanced simulations and optimum designs to some important parts. Finally, this equipment could overcome the vibrator’s negative impact, and the coaxial tolerance between steel foot, porcelain and iron cap can be guaranteed less thanΦ1.4mm while the porosity adhesives can be guaranteed no more than 3%, and the fitting efficiency could up to 60 pieces an hour.

Activation of the Imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 Region Correlates with Pluripotency Levels of Mouse Stem Cells

Low reprogramming efficiency and reduced pluripotency have been the two major obstacles in induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell research. An effective and quick method to assess the pluripotency levels of iPS cells at early stages would significantly increase the success rate of iPS cell generation and promote its applications. We have identified a conserved imprinted region of the mouse genome, the Dlk1-Dio3 region, which was activated in fully pluripotent mouse stem cells but repressed in partially pluripotent cells. The degree of activation of this region was positively correlated with the pluripotency levels of stem cells. A mammalian conserved cluster of microRNAs encoded by this region exhibited significant expression differences between full and partial pluripotent stem cells. Several microRNAs from this cluster potentially target components of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and may form a feedback regulatory loop resulting in the expression of all genes and non-coding RNAs encoded by this region in full pluripotent stem cells. No other genomic regions were found to exhibit such clear expression changes between cell lines with different pluripotency levels; therefore, the Dlk1-Dio3 region may serve as a marker to identify fully pluripotent iPS or embryonic stem cells from partial pluripotent cells. These findings also provide a step forward toward understanding the operating mechanisms during reprogramming to produce iPS cells and can potentially promote the application of iPS cells in regenerative medicine and cancer therapy.

A novel CHS/ALG bi-layer composite membrane with sustained antimicrobial efficacy used as wound dressing

A membrane composed of an alginate (ALG) layer and a chitosan (CHS) layer with sustained antimicrobial efficacy was prepared. Ciprofloxacin HCl (CIP) was incorporated into the ALG layer. Morphological feature of the composite membrane was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Water uptake capacity, in vitro drug release, and in vitro antimicrobial activity were evaluated. The composite membrane exhibited perfect binding characteristic between the two layers. The water uptake capacity of all the membranes was above 800%. The CIP could release from the composite membranes for 48 h. The membrane could control the bacterial growth persistently. The results suggested that this CHS/ALG composite membrane incorporated with CIP had the potential for wound dressing application.

Two Crystal Structures of Escherichia coli N-Acetyl-l-Glutamate Kinase Demonstrate the Cycling between Open and Closed Conformations

N-Acetyl-l-glutamate kinase (NAGK), the paradigm enzyme of the amino acid kinase family, catalyzes the second step of arginine biosynthesis. Although substrate binding and catalysis were clarified by the determination of four crystal structures of the homodimeric Escherichia coli enzyme (EcNAGK), we now determine 2 Å resolution crystal structures of EcNAGK free from substrates or complexed with the product N-acetyl-l-glutamyl-5-phosphate (NAGP) and with sulfate, which reveal a novel, very open NAGK conformation to which substrates would associate and from which products would dissociate. In this conformation, the C-domain, which hosts most of the nucleotide site, rotates ∼24°–28° away from the N-domain, which hosts the acetylglutamate site, whereas the empty ATP site also exhibits some changes. One sulfate is found binding in the region where the β-phosphate of ATP normally binds, suggesting that ATP is first anchored to the β-phosphate site, before perfect binding by induced fit, triggering the shift to the closed conformation. In contrast, the acetylglutamate site is always well formed, although its β-hairpin lid is found here to be mobile, being closed only in the subunit of the EcNAGK–NAGP complex that binds NAGP most strongly. Lid closure appears to increase the affinity for acetylglutamate/NAGP and to stabilize the closed enzyme conformation via lid–C-domain contacts. Our finding of NAGP bound to the open conformation confirms that this product dissociates from the open enzyme form and allows reconstruction of the active center in the ternary complex with both products, delineating the final steps of the reaction, which is shown here by site-directed mutagenesis to involve centrally the invariant residue Gly11.

Switch region for pathogenic structural change in conformational disease and its prediction.

Many diseases are believed to be related to abnormal protein folding. In the first step of such pathogenic structural changes, misfolding occurs in regions important for the stability of the native structure. This destabilizes the normal protein conformation, while exposing the previously hidden aggregation-prone regions, leading to subsequent errors in the folding pathway. Sites involved in this first stage can be deemed switch regions of the protein, and can represent perfect binding targets for drugs to block the abnormal folding pathway and prevent pathogenic conformational changes. In this study, a prediction algorithm for the switch regions responsible for the start of pathogenic structural changes is introduced. With an accuracy of 94%, this algorithm can successfully find short segments covering sites significant in triggering conformational diseases (CDs) and is the first that can predict switch regions for various CDs. To illustrate its effectiveness in dealing with urgent public health problems, the reason of the increased pathogenicity of H5N1 influenza virus is analyzed; the mechanisms of the pandemic swine-origin 2009 A(H1N1) influenza virus in overcoming species barriers and in infecting large number of potential patients are also suggested. It is shown that the algorithm is a potential tool useful in the study of the pathology of CDs because: (1) it can identify the origin of pathogenic structural conversion with high sensitivity and specificity, and (2) it provides an ideal target for clinical treatment.

The MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing (review)

Reviewed by: The MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing James M. Clawson Modern Language Association of America. 2008. The MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing. 3rd ed. New York: Modern Language Association. $32.50 hc. xxiv + 336 pp. There are a few possible ways to evaluate a resource like the new edition of the MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing. To begin with, one might compare it to other manuals like the Chicago Manual of Style, now in its fifteenth edition, or to the MLA’s own Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, now in its sixth (soon seventh). Compared to the former—three times the size and five times the edition—the MLA Manual is a mere brochure, missing out on the opportunity to school its readers in the finer points of word usage, the presentation of mathematical expressions, and the differences between perfect, notch, and burst binding. Compared to the latter, which caters to undergraduate students, the Manual offers a welcome reprieve from guidance on note-taking, outlining, and drafting. Where the Manual shines is in the surfeit of specificity it offers to its principle audience: advanced writers and researchers of literatures and languages. To these postgraduates, faculty members, and professionals, the Manual’s chapters on documentation are the gold standard; as such, revisions are best compared against previous versions. In this respect, the new edition fares well, offering impressive (and [End Page 234] needed) updates to its content and style definition. More guardedly, changes to the Manual’s usability and presentation will confound the user, while referencing revisions may worry the college teacher. In all, the third edition is a sound update to this Bible of the humanities. The inside dust flap lists changes to this edition, including a revision of the documentation style and simpler treatment for electronic sources (of which more later), updates to legal matters, a new foreword by Donna C. Stanton, and a new preface by David G. Nicholls. Stanton’s discerning essay on style—channeling (while spoiling the ending to) Orhan Pamuk’s My Name is Red—establishes the importance of revision to such a standardized form. Nevertheless, for all its strengths, Stanton’s essay really should complement, rather than replace, Herbert Lindenberger’s excellent foreword from the previous edition; undergraduate instructors will want to keep Lindenberger’s foreword at hand, as it presents an explanation of style more suitable for students. Nicholls’ preface, on the other hand, is a welcome replacement to the terse acknowledgements of the last edition and offers insight into the process behind some of the additions and changes. The significant amendments to the chapter on legal issues in publishing, for example, were overseen by two authorities. The Committee on MLA Style based other changes more on recognition of changing trends, including italics in place of underlining and french (single) spacing after final punctuation marks. And yet, whether these changes depend on de facto or de jure standards is another issue altogether. Prior to 2008, MLA style was presented in “The MLA Style Sheet” or in volumes attributed to individuals: William Riley Parker in 1951; Walter S. Achtert and Joseph Gibaldi in 1985; Joseph Gibaldi in 1998. The third edition differs by being published as a work of corporate authorship, with its updated recommendations presented as products of consensus. Stanton notes in her foreword that stylistic concerns of the Manual are limited to spelling, punctuation, and presentation (alongside documentation). Nevertheless, her willingness to cite the definition of “Manual” as the compilation of rules needed for mastery of a field suggests the role of the corporate author is consummate: its manual will always be complicit in defining the disciplinary ‘norms’ it claims to chronicle. At worst, then, updates to such a manual present readers with the uncomfortable discipline of a nor-mativizing system; at best, they reflect a community with shared and evolving traditions and common goals. Actuality probably lies somewhere between these two poles. In any event, changes in punctuation quail in importance beside the necessarily systematic documentation style that has come to signify the meaning of “MLA style.” The previous edition of the Manual, published in 1998, gave only passing mention...

Axisymmetric indentation of a rigid cylinder on a layered compressible and incompressible halfspace

We propose a solution for an elastic, axisymmetric, indentation problem. The indenter is a rigid cylinder on an elastic layer in contact with an elastic substrate. The goal is to provide a contact law between the applied force and the displacement of the coating in two cases: frictionless interaction and perfect binding between the coating and the substrate. As examples we have considered situations in which the substrate is either softer, similarly stiff, or stiffer than the coating, both for compressible or incompressible materials.

Coexpression of Argonaute-2 enhances RNA interference toward perfect match binding sites

RNAi is widely applied to inhibit expression of specific genes, but it is limited by variable efficiency and specificity of empirically designed siRNA or shRNA constructs. This complicates studies targeting individual genes and significantly impairs large-scale screens using genome-wide knockdown libraries. Here, we show that ectopic expression of the RISC slicer Argonaute-2 (Ago2, eIF2C2) dramatically enhances RNAi specifically for mRNA targets with perfectly matched binding sites. This effect depends on its endonuclease activity and is uncoupled from its regulation of microRNA expression. To model the application of Ago2 coexpression with shRNA knockdown, we targeted the EGF receptor (EGFR) in lung cancer cells exhibiting oncogene addiction to EGFR. Whereas multiple empirically designed shRNA constructs exhibited highly divergent efficiencies in mediating EGFR knockdown and cell killing, coexpression of Ago2 resulted in uniform and highly specific target gene suppression and apoptosis in EGFR-dependent cells. Codelivery of Ago2 with shRNA constructs or siRNA duplexes thus provides a strategy to enhance the efficacy and the specificity of RNAi in experimental and potentially therapeutic settings.

Oncogene-Induced Senescence Relayed by an Interleukin-Dependent Inflammatory Network

Oncogene-induced cellular senescence (OIS) is emerging as a potent cancer-protective response to oncogenic events, serving to eliminate early neoplastic cells from the proliferative pool. Using combined genetic and bioinformatic analysis, we find that OIS is linked specifically to the activation of an inflammatory transcriptome. Induced genes included the pleiotropic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), which upon secretion by senescent cells acted mitogenically in a paracrine fashion. Unexpectedly, IL-6 was also required for the execution of OIS, but in a cell-autonomous mode. Its depletion caused the inflammatory network to collapse and abolished senescence entry and maintenance. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the transcription factor C/EBPbeta cooperates with IL-6 to amplify the activation of the inflammatory network, including IL-8. In human colon adenomas, IL-8 specifically colocalized with arrested, p16(INK4A)-positive epithelium. We propose a model in which the context-dependent cytostatic and promitogenic functions of specific interleukins contribute to connect senescence with an inflammatory phenotype and cancer.

The Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2C (MEF2C) Is a Direct Transcriptional Target of HOXA9 and Mediates Leukemia Survival in Human Mixed-Lineage Leukemias.

Leukemias that harbor rearrangements of the mixed-lineage leukemia gene (MLL) possess unique clinical and biological characteristics. Aberrant high-level expression of select Homeobox (HOX) genes including HOXA9 is a consistent feature of MLL-rearranged leukemias, implicating an important role of dysregulated HOX gene expression in this entity. Applying HOXA9-directed RNAi, we have previously shown that aberrant HOXA9 expression is a prerequisite for leukemia survival in human MLL-rearranged leukemias and murine Mll-leukemia stem cells as HOXA9 suppression leads to a progressive induction of apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. In this study we aimed to identify potential direct HOXA9 target genes in human MLL-rearranged leukemias utilizing gene expression profiling after shRNA mediated HOXA9 knockdown and subsequent chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis. To establish efficient HOXA9 knockdown, 2 previously validated shRNA constructs targeting human HOXA9 with high efficiency (>80% mRNA suppression) were transduced into t(9;11) MOLM-14 AML cells. 72h after transduction, RNA was hybridized to Affymetrix HU 133A2.0 expression arrays. Supervised analysis identified a large group of genes concomitantly downregulated after HOXA9 suppression. Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated significant enrichment of the top 300 genes in the HOXA9 suppression signature and genes more highly expressed in human MLL-AML as compared to other genetically defined AML subtypes (p=0.02). Interestingly, genes previously implicated in the pathogenesis of MLL-rearranged leukemias were among the most highly enriched (HOXA5, MEIS1, PBX3, MEF2C). To analyze if any of this genes might be a direct physiological HOXA9 target, we performed ChIP assays from FLAG-tagged HOXA9 expressing MOLM-14 cells. Whereas the promotor regions of HOXA5, MEIS1 and PBX3 did not show HOXA9 binding, the MEF2C promotor region DNA was highly enriched by ChIP. Furthermore HOXA9 binding was confined to the MEF2C promotor region as the regions -5kb 5'-upstream, +5kb and +10kb 3'-downstream of the MEF2C promotor region did not show any enrichment. Motive search analysis of the MEF2C promoter further revealed a perfect consensus binding site (TGATTTAT) for HOXA9 and its DNA binding partner PBX located at −721 to −714 from the transcriptional start site. We then analyzed if direct shRNA mediated targeting of MEF2C also abrogates leukemia survival in human MLL-rearranged leukemias similar to upstream HOXA9 suppression. Analysis of viability after MEF2C knockdown with two different shRNA constructs (>80% mRNA knockdown) in a panel of human 8 AML/ALL cell lines (4 MLL-rearranged; 4 MLL-wildtype) and primary AML patient cells (5 MLL-rearranged; 5 MLL-wildtype) revealed progressive induction of apoptosis which was significantly correlated with the presence of the MLL-fusion oncogene in the cell lines (mean viability at day 7: MLL-rearranged: 14.5% MLL-wildtype: 86.75%: p<0.001) and in the primary AML cells (p=0.006). Our data implicates MEF2C as a direct downstream target of HOXA9 and aberrant MEF2C expression is necessary for survival of MLL-rearranged leukemias. Targeting the HOXA9-MEF2C program may be a novel therapeutic approach.

Characterization and ornidazole release in vitro of a novel composite film prepared with chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)/alginate

To create a moist environment for rapid wound healing, a new C-P-A film with sustained antibacterial capacity had been developed by the casting/solvent evaporation method. This new type of C-P-A film consists of a chitosan top layer and sodium alginate sublayer separated by an ornidazole-incorporated poly(vinyl alcohol) layer, exhibited perfect binding characteristics among the three layers. Physical characterization of the C-P-A film showed that the triple-layerd film had excellent light transmittance, control of water vapor transmission rate, and fluid drainage ability promotion, compared with the single-layer film. From the in vitro release studies, about 90% of OD was released from the composite films within 60 min, and no significant difference was observed in cumulative release percentage with increases in the drug content. The composite film at low concentration of OD (1.0 mg/cm2) showed effective antimicrobial activity in the cultures of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in agar plates. The results obtained in this work indicated that the new type of C-P-A composite film incorporated with ornidazole has the potential for wound dressing application.

The Thomas Wolfe Review

FEATURED AUTHOR THE THOMAS WOLFE REVIEW Ted Mitchell The concept to launch a publication devoted to Thomas Wolfe emerged in Asheville in October, 1975, on a weekend when hundreds of Wolfe enthusiasts gathered in Wolfe's hometown to celebrate his 75th birthday. Among those there was John S. Phillipson, who held a position at the University of Akron as a professor of eighteenthcentury English literature. On the terrace of the Grove Park Inn, he dined with Richard Walser, a leading academic authority on Wolfe, andAldo P. Magi, an avidWolfe collector "whose knowledge ofWolfe reached deep within the covers of books by and about Wolfe on his shelves back in Sandusky, Ohio."1 The three friends agreed that Wolfe deserved a newsletter, if not a journal or review. Magi and Walser declared that Phillipson was the man to turn the idea into reality: He had energy, ability, enthusiasm, persuasiveness—this last-mentioned trait being all-important because he would have to sell officials of a northern college on backing a publication devoted to a southern writer.2 In 1976, the UniversityofAkron agreed to subsidize the periodical discussed in Asheville. Phillipson proposed that Magi become his Associate Editor: "I quickly countered that I was not academically fitted for such a position and that he should find someone better qualified than I," Magi recalled in 1992.a Phillipson strongly disagreed, arguing that Magi had been involved in Wolfe matters for a long time, knew many Wolfe devotees, and that his comprehensive Wolfe collection proved him sufficiently immersed in Wolfe Studies to erase any doubt ofqualification. Magi accepted Phillipson's summons, and a partnership was established that providedWolfe's followers with a fascinating accumulation ofmaterial that continues to this day. Phillipson and Magi began collecting materials for the first issue of The Thomas WolfeNewsletterwhich appeared in the Spring of 1977. Phillipson knew he would have to satisfy dean and department head 62 alike in order to continue sponsoring the publication. In an editorial in that first issue, he stated that This newsletter will seek to be neither excessively scholarly nor excessively popular. It hopes to attract articles on Wolfe that both the scholar and the non-professional reader will find of interest and value . . .4 The scholarly and the popular were successfully combined for first The Thomas Wolfe Newsletter (1977-1980) and then The Thomas Wolfe Review (1981-present). Special features such as "Wolfe Trails: News and Notes," "The Wolfe Pack: Bibliography," and "Wolfe Calls: Questions and Answers," endeared scholars and common readers to the publication. Phillipson insisted on keeping the periodical a broadbased miscellany, publishing poems, recollections ofWolfe, and events centering on Wolfe. Special issues were planned for occasions marking anniversaries of the publication of a Wolfe work or biographical milestones (such as the 50th year anniversary of the publication of Look Homeward, Angel). Phillipson also counted on the valuable assistance and editorial expertise ofDeborah A. Borland. Through the years the attractiveness of the publication was improved as it turned from staples to perfect binding, and photographs and drawings blended handsomely with the text. By 2000, the editorship had passed to the current editors Anne R. Zahlan and David Strange. It was decided to continue combining the twice-yearly publication in one annual issue that the previous editor, Terry Roberts had inaugurated. David Stranges additional responsibilities as a designer/compositer greatly improved the aesthetic aspect of the journal. NOTES i. Selected Essays from The Thomas Wolfe Newsletter/Review: A Memorial to Dr. John S. Phillipson, Editor, 1977-1996, Deborah A. Borland and John L. Idol, Jr., eds. The Thomas Wolfe Society, 1999. p. xi. 2. Ibid., p. xi. 3· The Thomas WolfeReview, Volume 16, Number 2, Fall 1992, p. 2. 4. The Thomas Wolfe Review, volume 1, Number 1, Spring 1977, p.2. 63 ...