A survey of Ohio ornithological literature discloses a conspicuous scarcity of titles concerning the breeding birds of the state. Most of the papers relating to the summer season are merely annotated local or general distribution lists of breeding species, or records of general observations. Life history studies have been few. However, three splendid studies of a species have been made in the state: the Bald Eagle, along the Lake Erie shore (Herrick and associates), the House Wren near Cleveland (Baldwin and associates), and the Song Sparrow at Columbus (Nice). The writer has made detailed breeding studies of the Great Blue Heroni, the Black-crowned Night Heron, the Starling and of four game species, the Ring-necked Pheasant, the Hungarian Partridge, the Bob-White, and the Ruffed Grouse. No great amount of information has been accumulated concerning the other breeding birds, although a total of no less than 179 species are now known to have nested in Ohio. No Ohio studies have been published concerning the exact breeding bird populations of an area as determined by observations covering a period of years. Although some information has accumulated for individual species, no Ohio data are available concerning the exact nature of the total bird population as influenced by habitat, time or the modification of natural conditions. The amount of time and the sustained effort necessary to complete such a population study covering a period of years, has discouraged field workers from research of this type. To obtain data concerning the exact make-up and changes of a sample bird population, a detailed study was undertaken from 1924 to 1933 of an 80 acre tract of land near Westerville, 12 miles north of Columbus, Ohio. The area, partially enclosed by a loop of Alum Creek, was chosen because of its accessibility and because it was considered to be fairly typical of stream valley conditions general in Central Ohio and frequent elsewhere in the state. During the study it developed that the area was somewhat superior to the average valley tract in its interspersion and variety of habitat types, its permanent pools of stagnant water, its abundance of food and cover, and its relative freedom from marked environmental changes induced by man or natural influences. During the study 224 bird species were identified on the 80 acres, of which 86 species nested. The average number of nesting species per year was60.5. The average number of nesting pairs per year was 219.5 or 2.74 pairs per acre. The nesting of 75.8% of the pairs was substantiated by the actual finding of the nest. The composition of the bird population was fairly constant, but with continuous minor adiustments to environmental changes. More bird pairs nested during the first five year period but more species were present during the second five year period. The number of species nestinlg each year remained (177)