Perceptions Of Science Research Articles

Practical perceptual representations: a contemporary defense of an old idea

According to ‘orthodox’ representationalism, perceptual states possess constitutive veridicality (truth, accuracy, or satisfaction) conditions. Typically, philosophers who deny orthodox representationalism endorse some variety of anti-representationalism. But we argue that these haven’t always been, and needn’t continue to be, the only options. Philosophers including Descartes, Malebranche and Helmholtz appear to have rejected orthodox representationalism while nonetheless endorsing perceptual representations of a fundamentally practical kind not captured by orthodox representationalism. Moreover, we argue that the perceptual science called on by contemporary philosophers to defend orthodox representationalism instead motivates a return to this older view, and we suggest that contemporary philosophers may conceptualize fundamentally practical perceptual representations as ‘de agendo’ representations, a species of representation that has constitutive appropriateness rather than veridicality conditions.

Artificial Intelligence in Heart Failure: Friend or Foe?

In recent times, there have been notable changes in cardiovascular medicine, propelled by the swift advancements in artificial intelligence (AI). The present work provides an overview of the current applications and challenges of AI in the field of heart failure. It emphasizes the "garbage in, garbage out" issue, where AI systems can produce inaccurate results with skewed data. The discussion covers issues in heart failure diagnostic algorithms, particularly discrepancies between existing models. Concerns about the reliance on the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) for classification and treatment are highlighted, showcasing differences in current scientific perceptions. This review also delves into challenges in implementing AI, including variable considerations and biases in training data. It underscores the limitations of current AI models in real-world scenarios and the difficulty in interpreting their predictions, contributing to limited physician trust in AI-based models. The overarching suggestion is that AI can be a valuable tool in clinicians' hands for treating heart failure patients, as far as existing medical inaccuracies have been addressed before integrating AI into these frameworks.

On the issue of the relationship of verbal and non-verbal components in the interpretation of audiovisual discourse

The process of interpretation is to a large extent defined by the scientific perception of an audiovisual production as an act of intracultural and intercultural communication between the collective author and the target audience. Audiovisual productions are multilayered complexes of verbal and non-verbal elements that are interrelated by the collective author in the process of their creation. The structure of these relations must be perceived, understood and interpreted correctly by the target audience. Without this the process of cultural communication by the means of these audiovisual works between these two aggregated entities is impossible. The process of interpretation has many levels that are defined by cognitive and cultural attributes of viewers. Its stages are - perception of its components by visual and sound receptors; - understanding of the meaning of minimal units of both visual and aural verbal and non-verbal streams; - culturally determined interpreting of plot units in the process of double reconstruction of the coherent AV discourse whole based both on its explicit and implicit components; - secondary semantization of content. This article differentiates between the concept of a single viewer-recipient as a subject of perception process and the collective viewer as a participant of an act of the social communication based on the transmission of AV discourses. The collective viewer is a complex subject of the social interpretation of AV discourses who establishes norms and rules of this process and performs acts of their secondary semantization. Eventfulness is the key cognitive parameter of audiovisual productions, The collective author uses visual, ambience, verbal tools in the process of the cultural communication to create for the target audience various event sequences forming the backbone of a plot that can by understood by the audience.

A Comprehensive Review on the Prevalence of Bruxism with Stress and Aggression

Bruxism is a type of neuro-psychic disease that influences the activity of the mandible and distorts multiple structures of the face and mouth muscles. This study goes through the complicated relationship between bruxism, stress, and aggression. The aim is to interpret the extensiveness of these three factors and evaluate the scientific perception of this. Psychological discomfort may manifest subtly as bruxism. A person having Bruxism is a spontaneous activity with the problem of clenching and grinding of teeth. It is a pervasive oral parafunctional activity. It accumulates growing recognition because of its complex connection with several serious psychological disorders. Bruxism is a type of neuro-psychic disease that influences the activity of the mandible and distorts multiple structures of the face and mouth muscles. According to previous studies, most bruxism is the result of suppressed stress which can occur due to lifestyle, and career pressure. People with severe anger issues can show signs of bruxism as a result of tension build-up in their oral cavity. As it is studied by various research, people show stages of bruxism in various stages of life depending on the situation they are struggling with. To shed light on the intricate interactions between stress, aggression, and oral habits, this review investigates the prevalence of bruxism in forensic contexts. We examine the body of research to clarify the possible applications of bruxism in forensic contexts, highlighting its importance in comprehending psychological profiles and behavioural patterns.

Invited Session IV: Extended reality--applications in vision science and beyond: Improving augmented reality through perceptual science.

Augmented reality (AR) systems make it possible to present visual stimuli that intermix and interact with people's view of the natural world. But building an AR system that merges stimuli with our natural visual experience is hard. AR systems often suffer from technical and visual limitations, such as small eyeboxes, limited brightness, and narrow visual field coverage. An integral part of AR system development, therefore, is perceptual research that improves our understanding of when and why these limitations matter. I will describe a suite of perceptual studies designed to provide guidance for engineers on the visibility and appearance of wearable optical see-through AR displays. Our results highlight the idiosyncrasies of how our visual system integrates information from the two eyes, the multifaceted nature of perceptual phenomena in AR, and the trade-offs that are currently necessary to create an AR system that is both wearable and compelling.

Recognizing bio-literacy in nature: An ethnozoological photovoice-based approach to prospective teacher

<span lang="EN-US">This qualitative study aims to examine the learning experiences of prospective teachers through the photovoice approach. This research employs photovoice taken by the prospective teachers to obtain main themes regarding the scientific perceptions of the students in ethnozoological bio-literacy studies. This research was conducted in three different places, mountain sites, beaches, and nature reserve tourism destinations. There were 135 prospective teachers divided into nine groups producing 675 photos. The themes include several examples of animal rehabilitation for recovery, animal breeding and increasing of endemic animal populations to natural habitat (ex-situ), habituation of animals, changes in animal behavior, and sale of economically valuable animal shells. Study findings suggest that education must consider themes that arise in the surrounding environment to individualizing their observations in ways meaningful to them and enabling them to assimilate or accommodate the experiences to their schema. Drawing on this empirical evidence, the practical implication of ethnozoological photovoice is further discussed in this study. Based on the perspective of prospective teacher by the difference photograph and difference sites (mountain, beach, and nature reserve tourism) they are found the positive or negative meaning of photograph.</span>

VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTATIONAL MODELLING USING VPYTHON TO TEACH PHYSICS AT THE FACULTY OF SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF DERNA

Students face many difficulties in understanding some imaginary physical phenomena, mathematical or logical concepts and formations, which makes it difficult for the university professor to reach the required scientific perception, so the professors are forced to move forward using all digital innovations in order to provide the highest possible teaching quality., This paper describes computational modelling. And simulates and visualizes some physical phenomena in college using the VPython programming language (Visual Python), which is a great tool for demonstrating, calculating, and simulating physics displays and experiments, as VPython is a powerful and easy-to-use environment for creating 3D animations and publishing them on the web. It contains many built-in objects and shapes, as well as graphic capabilities. They can be used to create interactive programs using user interface elements. The process of making the program interactive starts first with creating the objects and setting variables for them, then creating a widget that the user can interact with, which is a useful exploration and a new way to improve students' skills and support the interactive teaching of computers and humans for Physics, as well as a response to the 'education' reform in Libya

Optimization of Dam Operation and Interaction with Groundwater: An Overview Focusing on Greece

The optimization of dam operations to transform them into multi-objective facilities constitutes a challenge for both hydrology, hydrogeology, and hydropower generation. However, the use of the optimal algorithm for such transformation is critically important. Additionally, the literature has highlighted that dams might negatively influence the recharge of groundwater. Within this study, we provide an overview of the available algorithms for the optimization of dam operations. Additionally, an overview focusing on hydropower generation in Greece illustrates the high potential of the Mediterranean region for hydropower generation and the application of MAR. The water quality of the reservoirs is also highlighted as a critical parameter. Within this study, we present indices for water quality monitoring in dam reservoirs, while the most prevailing index is the SRDD. This study constitutes a guide for researchers in choosing the optimal tools for the optimization of dam operations and the water quality monitoring of reservoirs. The present study suggests a meta-heuristic optimization methodology using the harmony search algorithm. The model uses a geometric model of the reservoir and calculates the level–supply curve. Furthermore, a multi-criteria optimization model was developed with two objective functions: the maximum power output from the hydroelectric power plant turbines and the optimal groundwater recharge. The model with appropriate parameter modifications can be applied to any small dam as it is a decision- and policy-making methodology, independent of local conditions. A further step is the application of these approaches dealing with field data and the numerical modeling of case studies. The interdisciplinary approach of this study links deferent aspect and scientific perceptions, providing a comprehensive guide to optimal water resource management and environmental sustainability.

Ontologi Ilmu Pengetahuan

Ontology is a science that examines what is the nature of science or scientific knowledge which is popularly known by many people as science, what is the nature of rational truth or deductive truth and empirical reality that cannot be separated from science's perception of what and how. The ontology of science limits itself to scientific studies that humans can think about rationally and can observe through the five human senses. Meanwhile, the study of objects of study that are within the limits of pre-experience (such as human creation) and post-experience (such as heaven and hell) becomes an ontology of other knowledge outside of science. In language, ontology comes from the Greek word origin is "Ontos" and "Logos". Ontos is "that which exists" while Logos is "knowledge". Simply put, ontology is the science that talks about what exists. In terms, ontology is a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of life about an existence which includes the existence of everything that exists and that may exist. And do not mix up the truth with falsehood and (do not) hide the truth while you know it. (QS. Al-Baqarah Verse 42) Ontology basically talks about the nature of "existing" science, the nature of knowledge objects, and the nature of the subject-object relationship of science. How science is viewed ontologically, the discussion is that ontology examines, analyzes knowledge based on whether knowledge really exists or does not exist. For example in Islamic Education Management, ontologically the discussion is focused on Islamic Education Management does it really exist or not, not only the study program but actually the knowledge taught in it is actually no different from Education Management in general.

Framework of Interaction Design Method Based on Blockchain System

<p>As the fifth subversive and innovative technology for computing paradigm after the mainframe computer, personal computer, internet and mobile/social network, blockchain technology has entered into a new phase of development. Nevertheless, more intrinsic issues remain to be explored. With the usage of cryptography and a distributed database, once a block is recorded, it can no longer be changed. To defeat these issues, more existing techniques have emerged. The blockchain system mainly features decentralization, but as the existing architectures of the blockchain system are mixed up, it is hard to determine whether they are centralized or decentralized. Such hybrid feature is derived from the impact of uncertainty of human demands. In this study, we intend to explore the scientific perception of the blockchain technology after its integration with human activities by adopting the method of interaction design. Furthermore, we plan to establish a set of mechanisms on the method of blockchain system-based interaction design, so as to identify the impact of human uncertainty factors on the design of the blockchain system. In addition, we aim to provide theoretical guidance for establishing the decentralized blockchain systems in both standardized and mixed categories and the centralized blockchain system with decentralization as central node. Through the methods of the observational results, the article is summarized and assessed the methods of the interaction design based on blockchain system. Moreover, the evaluation process consists of the analysis of expert evaluation, practical evaluation and participatory evaluation ferments an efficient outcome.</p> <p> </p>

New Find of Divine GeoArts in India and Neighbouring Countries

GeoArt deals with spectacular creations on the earth (Geo) by Mother Nature in the form of artistic (Art) developments of landforms and landscapes, which are appreciated when viewed from the air or sky-space. Initially Geoart was considered for any artistic natural or geological feature, and irrespective of scale. The stunning beauty of satellite views was brought out by NASA in a book ‘Earth as Art’ in 2012. Many considered these as ‘Geoarts’ relating it with geosciences and art. Large numbers of spectacular GeoArts are identified by the author through surfing of Google Earth images of India and neighbouring countries. Most of these are found related to human and animal-bird lives. Some, however, have attained manifestations of divine forms relating to God/ Goddess or their association; hence, are regarded as Divine GeoArts. Brief details of 20 such spectacular Divine GeoArts are presented in the paper. The approachable sites of some of these amazing GeoArts may find its place in future geotourism as these, like other landforms and landscapes, have potentiality to communicate scientific perception for their development through natural agencies or divine forces of Mother Nature.

The Perceptual Science of Augmented Reality.

Augmented reality (AR) systems aim to alter our view of the world and enable us to see things that are not actually there. The resulting discrepancy between perception and reality can create compelling entertainment and can support innovative approaches to education, guidance, and assistive tools. However, building an AR system that effectively integrates with our natural visual experience is hard. AR systems often suffer from visual limitations and artifacts, and addressing these flaws requires basic knowledge of perception. At the same time, AR system development can serve as a catalyst that drives innovative new research in perceptual science. This review describes recent perceptual research pertinent to and driven by modern AR systems, with the goal of highlighting thought-provoking areas of inquiry and open questions.

Is Biological Control of Weeds Conservation’s Blind Spot?

Invasive alien species are among the most important threats to biodiversity, with invasive plants ranking among the highest. Classical weed biological control—or biocontrol—reunites exotic plants with host-specific natural enemies from their native range with the aim of controlling the invasive plant. We reviewed the attention classical weed biocontrol has received from scientific publications for the last 30 years, classified according to the area of academia and applied sciences, as well as the region of the world. Biological control journals were excluded from the analyses to avoid bias. This process allowed us to evaluate the support classical weed biocontrol has among the scientific community. We also recorded the number of weed biocontrol agents released from 1900 to date, where they were collected, and where they were released as a way to analyze the evolution of classical weed biocontrol policies in different parts of the world. Classical weed biocontrol releases peaked between 1990 and 1999, but have declined since, probably due to funding issues, increases in regulations, and bad publicity. Researchers in theoretical ecology appear to be more skeptical toward weed biocontrol than scientists in applied and experimental biology. Our synthesis also suggests that despite resistance to classical weed biocontrol in some quarters of the scientific community, the general scientific perception of the discipline has been consistently favorable. This means that the general scientific perception of classical weed biocontrol contradicts its level of current application. The five main objections against classical weed biocontrol—direct nontarget effects, indirect and hidden nontarget effects, evolution of host shifts in biocontrol agents, dispersion to unwanted areas, and disagreements on its level of success in the field—are summarized and analyzed in terms of their relevance and probability of occurrence. We also describe the way classical weed biocontrol practitioners deal with them at present to ensure safety and sustainability. Our analysis suggests the potential of classical weed biocontrol is undervalued in some areas of science and management due to objections that are plausible in theory, although their likelihood is very low and on-ground evidence scant.

Orb-web spider Argiope (Araneidae) as indigenous arrow poison of G/ui and G//ana San hunters in the Kalahari.

Hunting has been crucial in early human evolution. Some San (Bushmen) of southern Africa still practice their indigenous hunting. The use of poisons is one remarkable aspect of their bow-and-arrow hunting but the sources, taxonomic identifications of species used, and recipes, are not well documented. This study reports on fieldwork to investigate recent indigenous hunting practices of G/ui and G//ana San communities in the Central Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR), Botswana. Here we discuss their use of spider poison. The hunters use the contents of the opisthosoma ('abdomen') of a spider as sole ingredient of the arrow poison and discard the prosoma that contains the venom-glands. Using taxonomic keys, we identified the spider as the garden orb-web spider Argiope australis (Walckenaer 1805) (Araneidae). The hunters' choice of this species is remarkable given the scientific perception that A. australis is of little medical importance. The species choice raises questions about how the spider fluids could kill game, particularly when the prosoma, which contains the venom glands, is not used. Possibilities include trauma, as a source of pathogens, or abdomen-containing toxins. Based on characteristics of Argiope Audouin 1826, we hypothesize that the choice of this species for arrow poisons might have evolved from the recognition of aposematic signalling or spiritual symbolism. Indigenous knowledge (IK) is an important source for advances in biotechnology but is in decline worldwide. The study contributes to the documentation of the San people, and their ancient IK, which is threatened by marginalization, political pressures, and climate change.

Psychosocial Basis of Human Sufferings and Poverty in Patients with Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders.

Neurological disorders and psychiatric ailments often lead to cognitive disabilities and low attainment of education, pivoting misconceptions, myths, and misbeliefs. Poverty and low educational attainment are intriguingly associated with poor awareness and perception of these diseases that add to the suffering. Poverty goes parallel with a low level of education and is intricately associated with neuropsychiatric ailments, which have the potential to spread transgenerationally. Robust education policies, proper government rules and regulations against the spread of disease-related myths and misconceptions, uplifting medical education in its true sense, voices against consanguinity, and programs to raise scientific perception about diseases can help to throw light at the end of this dark tunnel. In this article, the authors intend to 1) decipher the potential psychosocial basis of human suffering and poverty in patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders, and 2) discuss the apropos way-outs that would potentially mitigate suffering, and alleviate the economic burden and cognitive disabilities of families with neuropsychiatric diseases.

PERCEPTION OF TRIBAL AND NON–TRIBAL DAIRY FARMERS TOWARDS THE DAIRY FARMING IN CHHATTISGARH STATE: STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING APPROACH

Dairy farming is a secondary occupation for millions of farmers in the Central Indian State of Chhattisgarh. This study used the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to determine how tribal and non-tribal dairy farmers in Chhattisgarh feel about dairy farming and what makes them feel that way. In this study, the data was gathered from dairy farmers during 2020–21. The results of the paired sample t-test showed that both tribal and non-tribal farmers are performing significantly. In the Principal Component Analysis, KMO's sample adequacy test result was 0.724, which means there were enough signs in each element to study. Twelve items of dairy farmers' perceptions were conglomerated into three factors: rational perception, opportunistic perception, and scientific perception. The results of the SEM showed that the absolute fit indices match the sample data and that the proposed model is a good fit because it matches the values of the perception items.

Multitude of Images of Hryhorii Skovoroda in the Works of Kyiv Theological Academy Teachers and Students (19th – early 20th Century)

This is the first article recreating the full history of research on the Ukrainian philosopher Hryhorii Skovoroda made by students and teachers of the Kyiv Theological Academy in the second half of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century. The analysis highlights the qualitative diversity of research interpretations of Skovoroda’s figure and his creative work in cultural, historical, and biographical contexts, while identifying common features that unite those different scientific perceptions. The article demonstrates that the academic research interest in Skovoroda’s heritage was both due to the desire to introduce this little-known at that time figure of the Ukrainian thinker by creating a variety of attractive images, and to prove that idealistic direction prevailed in local philosophy since the beginning of its formation. Disclosing the multilayered structure of interpretations of Skovoroda present in the scientific studies of theological academic researchers, enabled the author to show simultaneous unity and diversity of theoretical and methodological approaches found within the national academic interpretational field and determined by different philosophical, scientific, cultural, educational, and sociopolitical priorities of researchers.

The concept of epistemology and its extents "a linguistic study in the light of terminology"

The research concluded that epistemology has a high ability to contain sciences as the philosophy of all sciences, that is, the epistemological researcher begins with sciences from the history of their origin and course, studying the emergence of scientific perceptions and their transformations, and studying their continuity and extinction, and this indicates that epistemology is not concerned with the laboratory description of scientific facts, but rather the history of relationships, perceptions, and interpretations that science is exposed to; It is a psychological analysis of knowledge and all sciences, not knowledge or science itself. Because together, science and knowledge require prior ignorance of their subject matter, while epistemology requires prior and deep knowledge.
 This means that epistemology is a scientific theory whose subject matter is science. It is not a science, but a research oriented towards science, and if it were a science, it would be permissible for it to study itself, and this is not the case. There is a difference between studying science and studying oneself, and when we say: epistemology of grammar. What we mean is the scientific theory that studies the science of grammar, and it is different from the science of grammar that studies linguistic structure.

The Sociological Perspectives of Learning Support Educators in the Early Years and Primary Education in Gozo

This study explores functionalist, conflict, and interactionist sociological perspectives held by learning support educators in Gozo on the notion of inclusivity and its correlation with pedagogical strategies for students with a statement of needs in Gozitan primary state schools. Sociological perspectives are the scientific perceptions of the logic behind particular societal behaviours observed within social groups. This paper presents a review of literature related to the sociological perspectives of educators on notions such as schooling, inclusivity, and impairment. Qualitative data were collected using two one-hour focus groups, held remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Following analysis of the data, the findings particularly show how inclusive education in primary state schools in Gozo has seen dramatic improvement. The way that educators function according to their habits rather than their sociological perspectives was also strongly shown. Moreover, the findings suggest that teacher and learning support educator role-merging has advantageous effects on role fulfilment and educational inclusivity. While the findings suggest a clear need for further inclusive education training for teachers, they also outline how there needs to be a stronger collaboration between Ministry stakeholders and state school educators to formulate more educator-initiated inclusive education policies and procedures. In light of such findings, this research recommends an appropriate combination of all three perspectives to work towards schools that emphasise a nurturing and collaborative atmosphere.

La imagen lingüística de la concepción del mundo kazaja en el ornamento nacional

Introduction: Today a comprehensive study of the Kazakh craft is of great importance both for science and for life experience. In the third millennium, the self-identification of the peoples of the world reached a new level of research. National properties are not only monuments, but appear as objects of research through various spectrums of scientific perception. The purpose of our article is to study the linguistic representation of the Kazakh worldview in the national ornament. Materials and Methods: Along with the methods of accumulation and differentiation, the methods of comparative historical analysis are used in the research work. Results and Discussion: The problem of reflecting the linguistic picture of the world in the national ornament, which is a rich heritage of the people, a symbol of their culture, an example of the works of masters is considered in the article. Conclusions: The history, classification and elements of the art of ornamentation, which were created together with the people over the centuries and became their material and spiritual good were analyzed.