Perceptual Style Research Articles

The Relationship of Teacher Perceptions of Educational Standards and Madrasah Head Leadership Style in Improving Teacher Performance

This research aims to discover: (1) The influence of teacher perceptions about educational standards on teacher performance. (2) The principal's leadership style influences teacher performance. (3) The influence of teachers and the principal's leadership style on teacher performance. This research focuses on Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri (MIN) in West Tulang Bawang Regency, Lampung. This research method includes correlational/associative with a quantitative approach. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, questionnaires, and documentation. Meanwhile, in obtaining the data that has been received, there is an influence of teacher perceptions about educational standards and the principal's leadership style on teacher performance. First, the regression analysis calculated t value reached 2.594, exceeding the t table value of 0.320 with a significance of 0.014, lower than 0.05. In addition, the teacher's perception of educational standards (R Square) is 0.157, showing that the principal's leadership can explain around 15.7% of teacher performance. Second, the regression analysis calculated t value for teacher perceptions reached 3.583, exceeding the t table value of 0.320, with a significance value of 0.001 which is less than 0.05. Third, the magnitude of the influence of teacher perceptions on educational standards is (R Square) 0.263, which indicates that around 26.3% of teacher performance can be explained by teacher professionalism. Third, with the calculated F regression results of 9.437, greater than the value of 3.27, with a significance value of 0.001, less than 0.05. In addition, the influence of teachers' perceptions of educational standards and principals' leadership styles (R Square) of 0.350 indicates around 35% of variation in teacher performance.

A study of psychological violence in intimate partner relationships among university students: a mixed-methods research

The aim of this study is to examine university students’ attitudes and experiences regarding psychological violence in intimate partner relationships in the context of attachment styles, gender roles, and parasocial interactions. In this study, a mixed-methods research design, specifically the explanatory sequential design, was employed. In the quantitative phase, the attitudes of 508 university student participants towards dating violence were examined with structural equation modeling in terms of attachment styles, parasocial interaction levels and gender roles perceptions. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 university students who had experienced psychological violence in their romantic relationships, and the interviews were analyzed with the interpretive phenomenological analysis method. According to the conducted structural equation model, anxious attachment and avoidant attachment predict attitudes towards female psychological dating violence, while anxious attachment predicts attitudes towards male psychological dating violence. In the qualitative phase, the analysis revealed four main themes concerning perceptions of attachment styles: self, attitudes in relationships, evaluation tendencies in relationships, and relationship maintenance styles. Regarding perceptions of gender roles, two main themes emerged: gender equality and relationship roles. Media interactions yielded three main themes: interaction engagement, social learning effects, and the role of media within relationships. Lastly, perceptions of romantic relationship experiences were organized into four main themes: relationship encounters, relationship expectations, relationship issues, and dating violence. The findings suggest that people’s attachment styles, gender roles and interactions with different media channels are effective in their attitudes and experiences towards psychological violence in dating. The results emphasize that personal and social patterns are important in attitudes towards dating violence and that further studies on this subject should be increased.

Analysis of the Effect of the Head of Room's Leadership Style and Nurse's Hand Hygiene Compliance on the Prevention of Nosocomial Infections in Hospital

This study aims to analyze the influence of the leadership style of the head of the room and nurses' handwashing compliance on the prevention of nosocomial infections in hospitals—quantitative research with a survey approach involving 123 respondents with a proportional random sampling method. Data acquisition was done using a questionnaire instrument to measure the perception of leadership style, compliance, and prevention of nosocomial infections, and it was analyzed using a correlation test. The results of the T-test showed a Sig. Value of 0.001 <0.05, and the F test showed a Sig. Value of 0.002 <0.05 with a calculated F value of 41.437 indicating a significant influence between the leadership style of the head of the room and handwashing compliance on the prevention of nosocomial infections. This study concludes that the leadership style of the head of the room and nurses' hand hygiene compliance plays an important role in efforts to prevent nosocomial infections.

Teachers’ Perception of Principal’s Leadership Style at State Senior High School 2 Muara Sugihan

The aim of this research is to analyze teachers’ perceptions of the principal’s actions at SMA Negeri 2 Muara Sugihan. The method used was quantitative descriptive research involving 30 teachers as respondents. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire that assessed perceptions of several leadership styles, such as participative, transformative, and autocratic, as well as teacher motivation and work styles. Research findings show that the majority of teachers have a positive perception of transformational and participative leadership (70% and 65%, respectively), while autocratic leadership has a negative perception (55%). In addition, there is a significant positive correlation between positive perceptions of leadership and greater work motivation (r = 0.65, p < 0.01). This shows the need for more inclusive and inspiring leadership development to increase teachers’ motivation and productivity in schools. It is hoped that this research can help school principals improve leadership effectiveness at SMA Negeri 2 Muara Sugihan.

Temperament Characteristics of Children in Residential Care and Perceived Acceptance/Rejection and Style of Discipline Used by Care Workers.

The ability to adapt interpersonal interactions to temperamental characteristics is essential for high-quality care. We analyzed how temperamental and self-regulation differences among children in residential care were related to the affective relationships and discipline styles of their caregivers. A total of 144 children aged 9-16 years (42.6% boys) and their caregivers from 22 residential care homes (Spain) participated. The Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised (EATQ-R) was used to assess temperament, the Affect Scale and Rules and Demands Scale was used to assess children's perceptions of affective relationships and discipline styles among their caregivers, and BRIEF-2 was used to assess children's self-regulation. Perceived warmth/communication was significantly higher than criticism/rejection and children perceived more inductive than rigid or permissive styles. Temperamental-scale fear was positively related to warmth/communication and an inductive style, and negatively related to criticism/rejection and a rigid style, whereas high-intensity pleasure showed the opposite pattern. In addition, some self-regulation and temperament scales explained 26% of the perception of warmth/communication, while others explained 15% of the variability of the rigid discipline style used by care workers. These results can help care workers to adjust their educational strategies according to the temperamental characteristics of this specific population.

The Effect of Cognitive Style and Learning Interest on Understanding Physics Concepts

This study aims to test the truth of the hypothesis and analyze the Influence of Perception of Cognitive Style and Learning Interest on Understanding Physics Concepts. The study used a survey method. The population of the study were students in four study programs at the Health Polytechnic in South Jakarta with a sample size of 88 people. The sampling technique used random sampling. The study used a questionnaire on perception of cognitive style, a questionnaire on learning interest and a test of understanding physics concepts. The data analysis used multiple linear regression. The conclusions obtained from the hypothesis testing are: 1) There is a significant influence of perception of cognitive style and learning interest together on students' understanding of physics concepts. This is evidenced by the sig value of 0.000 <0.05 and Fcount = 26.084. 2) There is a significant influence of perception of cognitive style on students' understanding of physics concepts. This is evidenced by the sig value of 0.047 <0.05 and tcount = 2.013. 3) There is a significant influence of learning interest on students' understanding of physics concepts. This is proven by the acquisition of sig value 0.001 < 0.05 and tcount = 3.426.

Perception of verb forms ending in -me instead of -m in 1st person plural, present tense by the contemporary Bulgarians

In the present study, I comment on the results of 3 surveys – 1 nationally representative and 2 non-representative. The main goal is to study the perception of forms for 1st person, plural, present and future tense, 1st and 2nd conjugations ending in -me instead of -m. Three perceptual styles are used: a list of 3-4 words, a simple sentence, a short text. The hypotheses are tested that muttering is more often not recognized as an error, that it leads to positive evaluations of the speaker’s personal and social characteristics, that the degree of recognizability of muttering depends on the perceptual style and socio-demographic characteristics of the speaker.

Perception of leadership styles and productivity in higher secondary education

The objective of this research is to assess the perception of administrative workers of a Technological Higher Secondary Education Institution in Tabasco, Mexico, about leadership styles and productivity, as well as the correlation that exists between both variables. Quantitative method was used; the study had a non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational design. The data collection instruments were validated through exploratory factor analysis and reliability was calculated through Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient. A total of 141 workers assigned to five departments of the administrative area took part in the study. The results showed the participative leadership style as the predominant one and the highest level of productivity was found in the commitment dimension. Pearson's correlation showed the existence of a negative correlation with the authoritarian style and a positive correlation between democratic and participative leadership styles and productivity.

The impact of manager training on employee turnover intentions: the serial mediation roles of employee satisfaction and employee’s perception of management style

The impact of manager training on employee turnover intentions: the serial mediation roles of employee satisfaction and employee’s perception of management style

Gender differences in perceptions of leadership and their influence on motivation among faculty members of Taif University.

This study investigates gender differences in perceptions of leadership styles and their impact on faculty motivation at Taif University, Saudi Arabia, within the context of Islamic higher education. Utilizing a quantitative research method approach, the researcher gathered survey responses from 74 faculty members at Taif University. The investigation focused on three main areas: the significant gender differences in perceptions of leadership styles among faculty members at Taif University; the tendency of female faculty members to perceive transformational leadership styles more positively than their male counterparts; and the more favorable response of male faculty members to transactional leadership styles compared to female faculty members. The results of this study revealed significant gender differences, with female faculty members showing a preference for transformational leadership, while male faculty members responded more positively to transactional leadership. By adopting these findings, leaders at Taif University can participate positively on faculty members' motivation. In addition to that leadership practices can move toward sustainability, ensuring the continuous development of faculty, students, and resources. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of gender-based perceptions of leadership in an Islamic higher education setting and offer strategies for enhancing faculty motivation through tailored leadership approaches.

Future Direction of Engineering Education in the Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Era

This study investigates the future direction of biomedical engineering education in higher education. It examines the perceptions of learning activities, modes, and styles among a group of biomedical engineering students at an Australian university. The survey findings reveal that both traditional and progressive pedagogies are preferred by the respondents. This paper concludes that traditional face-to-face lecturing maintains its value in biomedical engineering education.

Unpacking the Paradoxical Impact of Ethical Leadership on Employees’ Unethical Pro-Organizational Behavior: The Interplay of Employees’ Psychological Capital and Moral Identity

Despite the widely recognized positive nature of ethical leadership, recent studies have reported inconsistent findings in the link between ethical leadership and employees’ behavior. Drawing on the social cognitive theory, this study seeks to address this gap by investigating the paradoxical influence of ethical leadership on unethical pro-organizational behavior among employees. Additionally, the study aims to explore the mediating mechanism of employees’ psychological capital and the moderating effect of moral identity. Three time intervals data were collected from nursing professional from public and private hospitals in Pakistan. The data were evaluated employing PLS SEM. Interestingly, the findings contradict the hypothesis and demonstrate a positive link between ethical leadership and unethical pro-organizational behavior among employees. Moreover, the relationship is mediated by employees’ psychological capital. Furthermore, employees’ moral identity moderates this relationship. These findings furnish important insights into the paradoxical impact of ethical leadership within organizations and challenge its universal perception of positive leadership style having significant theoretical and practical implications.

Implicit learning in children and adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorders: Exploring the effects of individual differences.

Implicit learning plays an important role in the acquisition of various skills that are often deficient in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study examines the implicit learning ability of children and adolescents with ASD, by comparing it to that of a typical group of peers, using the Artificial Grammar Learning (AGL) task. In addition, this study investigates whether the above ability is associated with individual characteristics, namely intelligence quotient (IQ), ASD symptoms severity, and individual perception style (global/holistic or local/focused). The sample consisted of 20 individuals with mild to relatively severe ASD symptoms and 20 age- and gender-matched typically developing (TD) individuals. The unconscious (implicit) nature of learning was assessed via a subjective measure, the "no-loss gambling" method, which allows an unbiased evaluation of the confidence accompanying each judgement. The results provided evidence of implicit learning, which was preserved in the ASD group, although reduced relative to the typical group. Multiple linear regressions with interaction terms between group and participants' scores on the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI), the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and performance on a Navon-type task examined whether the possible relationships between each of the above scores and AGL and implicit learning differ in the two groups. Implicit learning was not significantly associated with IQ, ASD symptoms severity, or individual perception style (except for perception style in terms of reaction times [RTs] for the TD group). These results confirm and extend earlier findings supporting the resilience of implicit learning to individual differences.

Attachment Styles in Romantic Relationships and Perceived Support in Postpartum Couples

The transition to parenthood is a significant life event that presents various challenges. Adequate support for both parents is crucial, as insufficient support can lead to negative outcomes. While insecure attachment has been identified as a risk factor during this period, there is limited research on how dyadic attachment styles influence perceptions of received support. This study investigates the relationship between momentary perceptions of support matching and attachment styles among parental dyads using the experience sampling method (ESM) to reduce retrospective bias. For seven days, 40 mothers of infants aged 3-12 months completed daily self-report measures relating to desired and received support from their romantic partner. Multilevel analyses revealed that securely attached mothers perceived greater support matching compared to those with insecure attachment styles. The attachment style of the support provider (father) did not significantly affect the mother’s perceptions of support adequacy. These findings highlight the importance of attachment security in shaping support perceptions and suggest that attachment-based interventions could improve support experiences for new parents. Future research should explore the nuances of attachment pairings and their impact on support dynamics within couples. Interventions following childbirth should focus on improving maternal attachment security to enhance support matching and well-being for new parents. Keywords: attachment style, romantic attachment, postpartum, support

A Statistical Analysis of Strategic Leadership Qualities in the Pharmaceutical Sector of India's National Capital Region

In recent years, leadership quality has played a vital role for professional success of corporate leaders and their organization. However, it is affected by various dominant variables. This information paves the way for the present study. This research paper presents a comprehensive analysis of demographic characteristics, perceptions of leadership styles, innovative leadership practices and employee engagement within pharmaceutical industries located in India's National Capital Region (NCR). Considering their professional tenure and strategic decision-making ability, 383 participants were examined for this work. This research paper analyses different types of innovative leadership styles and highlights their shortcomings and strengths. In addition, the study also assesses the effects of innovative leadership practices. The study finds that while moderate positivity is appropriate, it also has many inconsistencies, especially in relation to the Indian pharmaceutical sector. The work shows moderate positivity in perceptions related to roles, recognition, and decision-making, with average ratings around 3.20. Significant variations in how valued and involved different groups feel indicate discrepancies across departments, emphasizing the need for initiatives that enhance inclusivity and uniform recognition to boost engagement and satisfaction.

Strengthening Employee Performance Through Leadership Style and Work Environment Support at Drinking Water Companies

This research aims to analyze and explain the significant influence of the variables transformational leadership style, transactional leadership style, and work environment on employees of the Makassar City Regional Drinking Water Company. Employee discomfort at work can result in work being late. This disrupts the smooth implementation of the work of employees of the Makassar City Regional Drinking Water Company and indicates why employees lack enthusiasm for work and makes employee performance not optimal. The problem in this research is whether the transformational leadership style, transactional leadership style, and work environment have a significant influence on the employee performance of the Makassar City Regional Drinking Water Company. This type of research is quantitative research using questionnaires as a source of data collection. There were 86 participants in this research and were analyzed using a descriptive approach, validity and reliability testing, classical assumption testing, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing. The results of this research show that The transformational leadership style has a significant effect on employee performance. The stronger the transformational leadership style possessed by the leader, the more employee performance will increase. A transactional leadership style does not have a significant effect on employee performance. This shows that the higher the perception of the transactional leadership style, the lower employee performance will be. The work environment has a significant effect on employee performance. This shows that the better the work environment felt by employees, the more the quality of employee performance at the Makassar City Drinking Water Regional Public Company will improve.

Transforming youth sports team performance in the Era of digitalization: The Interplay of charismatic leadership, satisfaction, and team engagement drivers

In sports, teamwork plays an vital role in improving performance. It makes the individuals nurture an environment of team dynamics, acquaintance, and instructor support. It collaboratively synergizes a team's satisfaction and performance, and thereby its ability to achieve global success. This study examines how charismatic leadership affects team performance in the context of digitalization, focusing on employee satisfaction and team engagement. A survey of 409 participants from the sports industry was conducted to assess their perceptions of leadership style, satisfaction, and engagement. Using a Likert scale, the survey identified correlations between charismatic leadership and key team outcomes. The analysis demonstrates the significant impact of charismatic leadership on enhancing satisfaction and driving team engagement, offering valuable insights for leaders aiming to boost team performance in a digitally transformed workplace.

University Administrators’ Leadership Styles Affecting Instructors’ Job Satisfaction in a Technology University in China

University administrators play a crucial role in shaping the university environment, influencing instructor performance, and ultimately impacting student outcomes. Their effective leadership is of paramount importance for the overall success and satisfaction of instructors. This study determined the relationship between the university administrators’ leadership styles and the instructors’ job satisfaction in a technology university in China. Profile of the instructors respondents, their assessment of university administrator’s leadership style, their job satisfaction level, differences in their assessment on university administrator’s leadership style and job satisfaction level when profile is taken as test factor, and the relationship between their assessment of university administrator’s leadership style and the job satisfaction level were also determined. The study examines the perception of university administrators' leadership styles, focusing on authoritative, democratic, facilitative and situational styles. The assessment of the administrator's leadership style reveals a favorable perception among instructor respondents, with facilitative leadership garnering the highest evaluation. In terms of job satisfaction, the instructor respondents reported a high level, and their assessment of job satisfaction highlights several areas of strength within the academic institution, including job security, community engagement, and the overall work environment. It is found that the administrator is viewed as striking a balance between providing direction and fostering collaboration, supporting faculty well-being, and adeptly navigating the complexities of the academic environment. The strong positive correlations between the assessment of leadership styles and job satisfaction levels highlight the critical role of leadership practices in shaping the working experiences and satisfaction levels of instructors within academic institutions. The findings of the study are used as a basis for a management development program among university administrators. It is suggested that academic institutions should prioritize leadership development initiatives and promote leadership styles that align with the needs and expectations of their faculty members to optimize job satisfaction and organizational performance.

It's all in the timing: delayed feedback in autism may weaken predictive mechanisms during contour integration.

Humans rely on predictive and integrative mechanisms during visual processing to efficiently resolve incomplete or ambiguous sensory signals. Although initial low-level sensory data are conveyed by feedforward connections, feedback connections are believed to shape sensory processing through automatic conveyance of statistical probabilities based on prior exposure to stimulus configurations. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show biases in stimulus processing toward parts rather than wholes, suggesting their sensory processing may be less shaped by statistical predictions acquired through prior exposure to global stimulus properties. Investigations of illusory contour (IC) processing in neurotypical (NT) adults have established a well-tested marker of contour integration characterized by a robust modulation of the visually evoked potential (VEP)-the IC-effect-that occurs over lateral occipital scalp during the timeframe of the visual N1 component. Converging evidence strongly supports the notion that this IC-effect indexes a signal with significant feedback contributions. Using high-density VEPs, we compared the IC-effect in 6- to 17-yr-old children with ASD (n = 32) or NT development (n = 53). Both groups of children generated an IC-effect that was equivalent in amplitude. However, the IC-effect notably onset 21 ms later in ASD, even though initial VEP afference was identical across groups. This suggests that feedforward information predominated during perceptual processing for 15% longer in ASD compared with NT children. This delay in the feedback-dependent IC-effect, in the context of known developmental differences between feedforward and feedback fibers, suggests a potential pathophysiological mechanism of visual processing in ASD, whereby ongoing stimulus processing is less shaped by visual feedback.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Children with autism often present with an atypical visual perceptual style that emphasizes parts or details over the whole. Using electroencephalography (EEG), this study identifies delays in the visual feedback from higher-order sensory brain areas to primary sensory regions. Because this type of visual feedback is thought to carry information about prior sensory experiences, individuals with autism may have difficulty efficiently using prior experience or putting together parts into a whole to help make sense of incoming new visual information. This provides empirical neural evidence to support theories of disrupted sensory perception mechanisms in autism.

Introduction

Introduction