Stereotypical Perceptions Research Articles

Abstract 1979: Examining stereotype perceptions of colorectal cancer in the Latino community

Abstract Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is significantly lower in the Hispanic community compared to non-Hispanic whites. Qualitative research has suggested that cultural attitudes towards cancer may be a potential barrier to screening. The purpose of the study was to quantitatively examine explicit stereotypes about CRC and CRC screening within the Hispanic community using the stereotype content model. Methods: A one-time online cross-sectional survey was administered to individuals self-identifying as Hispanic living across the United States. Based on participant preference, the survey was completed in English or Spanish. In counterbalanced order, participants were asked to read brief paragraphs about a control target, a target with CRC, and a target undergoing colonoscopy CRC screening. The target was a Hispanic individual assigned a gender-neutral name. Other than the one sentence with CRC-related information in the CRC and CRC screening paragraphs, all the paragraphs were identical describing the individual, their family, and their hobbies. After each paragraph, participants were asked to rate the target on validated surveys assessing warmth and competence, two indicators of explicit stereotypes. Data was analyzed using linear mixed-effects models, which were fitted to evaluate the effect of each target on warmth and competence, controlling for age, gender, race, Hispanic heritage, cancer exposure, and randomization. Results: The target condition was not statistically significantly associated with the Warmth and Competence outcomes when the models were fitted considering only the main effects. However, in the presence of interactions the condition was associated with the outcomes. Specifically, the analysis yielded a significant fixed effect for the interaction between target condition and participant age, such that younger participants had greater perceptions of warmth [F(2, 511.93)=7.045, p=0.001] and competence [F(2, 522.73)=11.129, p<0.001] towards the target undergoing cancer screening. The analysis also yielded a further significant effect for the interaction between target condition and Hispanic heritage with differences in perceptions of warmth between those born in the USA and participants born in Central and South America or in Europe [(F(2, 520.16)=2.299, p=0.02)]. Conclusion: Findings highlight the importance of understanding the heterogeneity within the Hispanic community when seeking to address stigma towards CRC. First, there are differences in explicit perceptions based on generation, suggesting the need for age-appropriate cancer prevention initiatives. Second, the findings demonstrate the need to account for diverse cultural perspectives of cancer screening based on country of origin. Thus, this research supports the importance of respecting the diversity within the Hispanic community and tailoring cancer prevention interventions accordingly. Citation Format: Bianca Luna-Lupercio, Aidan Foley, Nenette A. Caceres, Ergueen Herrera, Galen Wiens-Cook, Vinicius Calsavara, Zul Surani, Sarah-Jeanne Salvy, Robert Haile, Celina H. Shirazipour. Examining stereotype perceptions of colorectal cancer in the Latino community [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1979.

Osoba głuchoniewidoma w obliczu przemocy

A review of Polish and foreign literature on the subject shows a deficit of research and significant publications on the issue of violence against or among the d/Deaf. Academic researchers who focus on this subject area try to draw conclusions embracing the entire population of people with disabilities (excluding the population of the deaf). Pointing to the experiences and perspective of d/Deaf victims of violence is not a common practice. Numerous have an influence on the phenomenon of violence against or among d/Deaf people: the education system, society's attitude, stereotypical perceptions of hearing people about the Deaf, and difficulties related to communication. This article aims to familiarise the reader with what is known about the phenomenon of violence against or among the d/Deaf. The d/Deaf community is struggling with the invisible and, for the able part of society, the hidden phenomenon of violence, discrimination due to deafness (audism), sign language (linguistics) or the specificity of violence against the d/Deaf themselves. A theoretical analysis aimed at filling the existing gap in the field of social sciences is therefore justified.

Stigmas of disease and poverty: A Historical a priori of Modern Discourse

The article dwells on the history of the formation of multiple stigmas of sick/poor people. The author describes medical and status characteristics that predetermine attitudes towards potential or real carriers of infectious diseases and poverty. Historical examples of the stigmatization of certain social groups in the era of the greatest epidemiological trouble until the middle of the 19th century are described.A content analysis of the discourse is carried out. It was based on the materials of a modern online publication and included text-analyzes of the audience’ comments (n=133) to the news. The publication describes a conflict in a city cafe about the visitor who carries multiple stigmas. Statements that reflect the assessment of the identity of the stigmatized and the attitude of the audience towards him are given.Historical and cultural analysis made it possible to identify the continuity of discursive practices of stigmatization, the relevance for contemporaries of the historically established stereotypes of perception of a traditionally stigmatized category.

Understanding the Influence Discrepancy Between Human and Artificial Agent in Advice Interactions: The Role of Stereotypical Perception of Agency

This paper proposes that artificial agents’ underperformance in interpersonal influence situations can be explained by stereotypical perceptions of such agents’ lack of capacity to act and accomplish goals (i.e., agency), triggered by their non-human identity. In two experiments of text-based conversations ( N = 305 and 309), the identity of a human advice giver was manipulated to be either a human or a chatbot. The chatbot identity resulted in less perceived agency of the giver, which then mediated the identity’s effects on the advice seeker’s (a) perceived advice effectiveness and (b) intention to follow advice after the conversation, as well as (c) adherence to advice and (d) trouble relief after a week. A positive correlation between perceived agency of the artificial agent and the seeker’s self-efficacy was identified as part of this mediation. In contrast, perceived emotional capacity (i.e., experience), despite a discrepancy between the two identities, had non-significant mediating effects.

Neural Processing of Sexist Comments: Associations between Perceptions of Sexism and Prefrontal Activity.

Sexism is a widespread form of gender discrimination which includes remarks based on gender stereotypes. However, little is known about the neural basis underlying the experience of sexist-related comments and how perceptions of sexism are related to these neural processes. The present study investigated whether perceptions of sexism influence neural processing of receiving sexist-related comments. Participants (N = 67) read experimental vignettes describing scenarios of comments involving gender stereotypes while near-infrared spectroscopy recordings were made to measure the hemodynamic changes in the prefrontal cortex. Results found a significant correlation between participants' perceptions of sexism and brain activation in a brain cluster including the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and inferior frontal gyrus. There was a significant gender difference where female participants showed a stronger negative correlation compared to male participants. Future research can expand on these initial findings by looking at subcortical structures involved in emotional processing and gender stereotype application as well as examining cultural differences in perceptions of gender stereotypes and sexism.

Social stigma of people with mental disorders and attitude to psychiatric treatment in Polish society

Introduction People with mental disorders (MD) may experience social stigma in various spheres of their lives. This phenomenon is based on negative social beliefs and hostile perceptions about mental disorders. Stigma may lead to social exclusion and discrimination (unjust treatment compared to people without MD). It may also result in resistance to using professional medical help (psychiatrist, psychotherapist) by people who experience symptoms of MD. Objectives The study aims to analyze the attitude of Polish society toward people with mental disorders and the attitude toward psychiatric treatment. The study investigates the correlation between the abovementioned attitudes and socioeconomic parameters of the respondents. Methods The study was conducted on a group of 1,230 respondents with the anonymous, authorial questionnaire disseminated by the CAWI technique. The questionnaire consisted of 10 single-choice questions concerned with the socioeconomic parameters of the respondents (age, place of residence, education, gender) and their attitudes toward mental health problems. The chi-square test and Kendall’s tau-b correlation coefficient (τb) were used to analyze the correlations between the above parameters (with p<0,05). Results Over 33% of respondents believes that people with MD are more aggressive than people who do not present this type of disorder. In turn, 16.4% of respondents admitted that they would feel uncomfortable in the presence of a person with mental disorders. There was no statistically significant correlation between the above beliefs and any socioeconomic parameter. Every tenth respondent would not hire a person with MD. Resistance to employment increased with the respondents’ age and level of education, whereas it decreased with the population of respondents’ domiciles. More than 17% of respondents would feel resistance to contacting with psychiatrist, and 4.1% of them already hide the fact of treatment from their family. The resistance to using psychiatric help was higher in villages and smaller towns than in bigger centers. Conclusions The study shows negative attitudes towards people with MD are still relatively frequent in Polish society. The stereotypical perception of this group of entities is generally not dependent on any analyzed socioeconomic parameter. Such correlations exist only in some areas (employment). Because of the negative perception of MD, some people who struggle with these problems do not use a psychiatrist’s professional help. In effect, these entities remain undiagnosed and untreated. Treatment delay may lead to exacerbating symptoms, prolong treatment time (including the necessity of hospitalization), and increase its cost. Reducing the stigma is necessary for counteracting discrimination against people with mental disorders and improving the mental health condition of Polish society. It requires educational activities and appropriate legal regulations. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Shifting roles of Women through the Lens of Indian Popular Media

The importance of mass media has increased as a result of the development of new communication technologies. By portraying only a portion of truth and via the constant repetition of the same visual and audio, the mass media affects our ideas of social reality. Although the form and content of the media have evolved significantly over the past years, the media has always supported the stereotypical perceptions of women and their social responsibilities. The news about women's struggles and the injustices committed against them has always cast a shadow over them and their social contributions. In a changing world, it is essential that the print and electronic media paint a fair picture of women's multifaceted lives and contributions to society. This study aims to provide a picture of how women are perceived in the popular media, primarily the Bollywood movies and soap operas based on an analysis of the shifting stereotypes in the media's projection of women. It contends that women and their issues are no longer marginalised in the media. However, outdated sex stereotypes have persisted in various forms. Women have become more and more of a commodity in the media as a result of its rising commercialization. The mainstream media, on the other hand, frequently co-opts and re-constructs progressive rhetoric on women's concerns in order to establish the hegemony of dominant socioeconomic classes. As a result, in the setting of a capitalist economy, it is much harder to change how women are represented in the popular media.

The Sustainable Development Goals 6: A Pilot Study on The Readiness of Bukit Perdana Residents Utilizing Recycled Wastewater as Potable and Non-Potable Water

Sustainable water resources management and social rights for equitable safe water and sanitation are the focal point for long-term economic growth and productivity, health and education. By 2030, the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 that underlines the imperativeness of Clean Water and Sanitation aims at improving water quality by curtailing the rate and threat of pollution. This idea also aims at convincing the public on recycling water and safe water reuse. Indeed, global warming, water shortages, exponential growth of world’s population and water pollution have caused significant impact on availability of the water resource throughout the globe. The trend of recycling wastewater has become one of the alternatives to reduce the pressure on the consumption of water resources. The key implementation for recycled wastewater derives from the intensive work in ensuring recycled wastewater is accepted by the public. Ergo, the challenge of the implementation is to remove the stereotype perception on the quality of recycled wastewater. The objectives of this study are to determine the acceptance of adults and senior adults to utilize recycled wastewater in the form of potable and non-potable water and to determine the correlation between the respondents’ willingness in correspond to their age and education background. The survey was participated by the adults and senior adults’ residents of Taman Bukit Perdana, Johor Darul Tazim and the data collected was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 27. Observations have found 77% of the respondents are willing to utilize the recycled wastewater. Adults range age between 18 – 59 years old are more likely to support the utilization of recycled wastewater for both potable and non-potable water while senior adults’ of 60+ years old are obtuse and quite uninclined to accept the usage of reuse water. Meanwhile, respondents who possess basic or intermediate knowledge on environmental concerns, and those with tertiary education have the propensity to accept in utilizing recycled water in comparison with respondents who have little insight on environment issues and/or those of lower educational background. Addressing these challenges, it requires tremendous efforts to raise the awareness through education and integration for public participation and to work out a sustainable water resources management.

Rating gender stereotype violations: The effects of personality and politics

The Gender Stereotype Effect in language comprehension refers to the increased processing load that occurs when comprehenders encounter linguistic information that is incongruent with their understanding of gender stereotypes; for example, upon encountering the pronoun he in the sentence The maid answered the phone because he heard it ring. We investigate the Stereotype Effect using appropriateness and correctness ratings and ask whether it is modulated by individual differences in participants' personality and political ideology. Results from this study indicate that the Stereotype Effect can be replicated in an offline paradigm and that the Effect is specific to a discourse character's gender: sentences describing male agents fulfilling stereotypical female roles were rated lower in both appropriateness and correctness than sentences describing female agents fulfilling stereotypical male roles. Further, more open, conscientious, liberal, and empathetic individuals were more sensitive to the character gender-specific effect, rating stereotype incongruent sentences, particularly female role-male pronoun pairings, lower than congruent ones. Overall, these results point to certain individual differences being associated with differences in the strength of stereotype perception, indicating the possibility that these individuals use more top-down language processing, where comprehenders higher on these scales might be able to make more use of extra-linguistic, sociocultural factors in their language comprehension. Additionally, the results indicate a character gender-based difference in sociocultural stereotypes.

The influence of professional stereotypes on professional self-determination

The article examines professional stereotypes and the choice of profession by a teenager. The points of view of domestic and foreign scientists are presented, revealing the understanding of the "professional stereotype" and its socio-psychological features. The reasons for the emergence of professional stereotypes are studied, a person's vision of social reality, the perception of a particular profession through the prism of positive or negative information received is considered. The article examines the dependence of professional stereotypes on a person's awareness of professional reality. Professional stereotypes are considered from the point of view of obtaining information through various sources and being generalized ideas about the profession. The perception of professional stereotypes by a person depending on the understanding of the type of professional activity is studied. The role of professional stereotypes in the formation of erroneous ideas of people about activities that they do not know is considered. The professional stereotype is based on obtaining subjective information about the profession and on this basis a person's attitude towards it is formed. In modern society, many professional stereotypes formed earlier are not relevant. Misconceptions in the perception of professional stereotypes hinder the understanding of the specifics of performing certain tasks by various professions, which leads to erroneous actions when choosing a profession by teenagers. Currently, professional stereotypes influence the formation of a person's beliefs in various spheres of his life, including in his professional activity.

Альтернатива вирішення міжособистісних конфліктів принципу «око за око»

The relevance of the research topic lies in the stereotypical perception of the biblical Old Testament concept of revenge, and its interpretations for modern times. The article examines the conflict as a sociocultural phenomenon. Five interpersonal methods of conflict resolution generally accepted in society have been identified, including withdrawal, concession, struggle, compromise, and cooperation. The results of the study indicate that sometimes it is possible to change the direction of the development of the conflict, simply by looking at it differently. That is why the problem of finding an alternative solution to interpersonal conflicts of the “eye for an eye” principle needs urgent consideration. The research involves finding out what the conflict is in the social plane. The biblical principle “an eye for an eye” and its connotation in the 21st century. is considered as the key to solving problems in individual interpersonal relationships. One of the goals of the study is to illustrate that the principles taught in the Holy Scriptures are still valid today. If people paid more attention to what is written in the Bible, many unnecessary misunderstandings could be avoided. Military, international misunderstandings, unresolved interpersonal issues, etc., are realities of the XXI century. One of the reasons for this is various unresolved interpersonal issues of a social and legal nature. This type of conflict usually leads to suffering, oppression, disrespect, and other negative consequences that spoil the lives of families, states, nations, and the whole world. Conflict situations in the world are not a new phenomenon, since the misunderstanding between God and the cherub Lucifer originated in heaven and was transferred to the earthly world. This conflict is vividly reflected in the pages of the Bible. It is on the pages of the Old Testament that there are controversial situations that at first glance contradict the character of the loving Yahweh. Such controversial passages include the saying recorded in the book of Leviticus 24:20 «an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth». This study is implemented on the example of how different religions, including Protestant Adventism, understand this principle in a modern interpretation. In general, the search for alternatives for the rational resolution of interpersonal conflicts allows us to reflect on the current trends in modern conflict studies.

Do Youth Dream of Gender Stereotypes? The Relationship among Gender Stereotyping, Support for Feminism, and Acceptance of Gender-Based Violence.

Although gender roles have continued to evolve, stereotypical perceptions about men and women persist. From a traditional perspective, men are viewed as aggressive, competitive, and dominant, whereas women are expected to be pretty, affectionate, and passive. The relevance of gender stereotypes lies in the way such expectations reinforce gender inequality and discrimination. Gender stereotyping is also linked to an increased acceptance of gender-based violence, as such conceptions are based on the premise that women are subordinate to men. The current study uses data from the Barometer on Youth and Gender, conducted by the Centro Reina Sofía in 2021 (N = 1201), to analyze the potential associations among gender stereotyping, support for feminism, and acceptance of gender-based violence among young people in Spain (15-29 years old). The results show that young people ascribe, to some extent, stereotypical characteristics to women and men and point to the existence of gender-based occupational stereotypes. Our results shed light on the role that gender stereotyping plays in support for feminism and the acceptance of gender-based violence. They also provide valuable information about the magnitude of gender-stereotypical perceptions among young men and women.

Impression management goals and job candidate’s race: A test of competing models

The trade-off effect—the tendency to downplay a stereotypical social dimension (e.g., warmth) to increase a positive impression by conveying an opposing dimension (e.g., competence)—is well established. However, promoting stereotypical perceptions may amplify positive impressions by conforming to the evaluator’s expectations (i.e., the joint effect). To better understand the impacts of race-related impression management goals, we test these competing propositions through two studies. Study 1 shows that people tend to evaluate others more positively when the others appeal to stereotypical characteristics, supporting the joint effect: White candidates are perceived more positively when they exude competence whereas positive impressions are higher when Black candidates demonstrate warmth. Study 2 assesses the underlying mechanism and the boundary condition of this impact and found that the interaction effects between impression management strategies and race influence positive evaluations of candidates through perceived warmth and competence.

«Веку вопреки»: политический дискурс поэзии В. В. Набокова

The paper is devoted to the study of V. Nabokov’s political discourse and the presentation of the writer’s literary personality from an unusual perspective, i.e. as a poet who is not indifferent to the cataclysms of the “terrible age”. The scientific novelty of the research lies in expanding the scope of ideas about Nabokov’s poetic works, in particular their range of themes: it is the first time that the author’s socio-political poems are analysed. This topic remains largely unaddressed in poetry, not only because of the “calyptics” (А. A. Hansen-Löve), or the “hidden” poetics of the author, but because of the inertia of perception of his image formed by the poet himself. The research aims to overcome the stereotypes in perception of the image of Nabokov’s persona, as well as the idiosphere of his poetry. Using the material of the entire corpus of the author’s Russian-language verses and poems, the researcher identifies and analyses texts reflecting Nabokov’s reception of the events of the revolution, his attitude to the public life and political situation of Soviet Russia. The research findings include textological observations that testify to the importance of the political discourse and the versatility of its manifestation in Nabokov’s poetic works. In the course of the analysis, it has been found that longing for the things lost becomes one of the leading motifs in Nabokov’s early poetic texts. Later poems demonstrate the poet’s desire to “distance himself” from the memories of the past, but this desire is precisely what the readers may mistakenly perceive as Nabokov’s emphasised indifference to politics and public life.

Cultural Beliefs on Women Career Advancement in Selected Kenyan Hotels

The hotel employment sector is characterized by a high proportion of women, yet they are underrepresented at the senior management level. Females are disadvantaged in the hotel industry because of the traditional male perceptions of workplace gender roles, stereotypes and discrimination. The objective of the study was to determine how cultural beliefs affect women’s career advancement in 3-5-star hotels in the Nairobi County City Kenya. A descriptive research design was used. This study focused on a qualitative thematic analysis of in-depth, semistructured interviews administered to76 hotel managers. The interviews were used to gain more in-depth knowledge on issues concerning gender bias, leadership styles and gender stereotypes. The data was analysed using content analysis, in order to present data in words and themes, and allow for interpretations to be drawn. The results showed women were fewer at the management level and there were no women who were being paid the top most salaries. The study recommended adopting positive human resource practices that promote a gender-neutral culture in the hotels by providing unconscious bias training for all levels of employees to participate in.

Teachers’ perceptions of gender stereotypes in EFL secondary textbooks

Teachers’ perceptions of gender stereotypes in EFL secondary textbooks

Stereotypical Russian People's Perceptions of Germans and Germany (Based on An Associative Experiment)

Stereotypical Russian People's Perceptions of Germans and Germany (Based on An Associative Experiment)

TERMS OF ENDEARMENT IN GERMAN AND THE ASPECTS OF THEIR LEXICOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE LINGUOCULTUROLOGICAL APPROACH

The article discusses the terms of endearment that function as the affectionate etiquette expressions in German. Some terminological problems related to determining their status as the primary element of intimate discourse are considered. The main ways of building of terms of endearment as well as their semantic and derivational features are revealed. The terms of endearment are considered to be the linguistic universals that have the special cultural potency due to their ability to express typical emotive and evaluative reactions and represent the most significant stereotypes and standards of the linguocultural community. The describing of the terms of endearment requires a synergetic approach, which is not limited only to structural and semantic classification. It is necessary to study and interpret the images in the categories of a particular linguistic culture through the prism of cultural stereotypes, ideas and attitudes. The terms of endearment are created by speakers mainly through the use of metaphorical and metonymic images supplemented by diminutive suffixation and word composition. The most productive is the biomorphic cultural code. In addition, the article presents some conceptual considerations about the structure and content of the dictionary of German terms of endearment with cultural and historical comments. The linguoculturological comment on the inner forms of terms of endearment allows describing the cultural stereotypical vision and perception of partners. The use of linguistic symbols in the terms of endearment is due to archetypal ideas, mythologems, as well as social stereotypes and attitudes in the German linguistic and cultural community.

ГЕНДЕРНІ СТЕРЕОТИПИ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ЖІНОЧОЇ ЕЛІТИ В ПОРТРЕТНОМУ ІНТЕРВ’Ю

The article discusses gender stereotypes perpetuated in the language of the Ukrainian female elite during portrait interviews. It describes the general situation of present-day mass media influence on society including its specificity in gender diversity. Special attention focuses on defining and analyzing gender stereotypes in present-day Ukrainian society, particularly describing the features of stereotypical perception and self-identification of women in society. In the context of current political events in the Ukrainian society influence of feminism on Ukrainian media discourse is characterized. Gender stereotypes vividly depict and allow recognizing images of women leaders, homemakers, and driving forces behind social and political events in the communicative environment. The study provides differentiation between understandings of gender and sex, media discourse, and portrait interviews as a form of communication aimed at highlighting opinions, personal feelings, and issues of certain individuals in the Ukrainian society that influence public opinion. The article relies on the classification of stereotypes based on gender types pertaining to a certain sex, social roles and status, as well as professional affiliation. Showcasing an interview with the well-known Ukrainian actress, volunteer, and public figure Natalia Denysenko, conducted within the framework of the social project New Reality, stereotypes of femininity are identified and described. In the portrayal of the strong actress, stereotypes such as women being weak expressed through the use of metaphorical expressions, women being shy represented through the juxtaposition of openness and shyness, women being the guardians of the family articulated through lexicon of preservation and interaction of gender roles, dominance of the masculine gender presented through morphological incongruities in masculine grammatical forms, are actualized.

Education as a factor of life success in the representation of Russians

In the article, based on the materials of surveys conducted within the framework of the International Program for Social Research, an attempt was made to identify the place of education in the hierarchy of life success factors in the assessments of Russians. The author states that in the public mind, getting a good education is one of the main ways to succeed in life, only slightly inferior in importance to hard work. At the same time, there is a stereotypical perception of education as a success factor, especially its high levels. The conducted comparative analysis showed that Russians' ideas about the role of education do not significantly stand out against the general background. The considered structure of frequently mentioned factors is typical for most other states. Three models (generalized groups) based on multivariate analysis of life success factors were identified. The model “education-work”, based on one's own efforts (getting a good education, hard work) and the education of parents, is considered in detail. It is noted that in Russia the model of “connection-bribes” is relatively strongly expressed, including ways to achieve success in life, based on informal practices of interaction. It is shown that the assessment of the importance of education as a condition for achieving success in Russia, unlike other countries participating in the program, is not associated either with the subjective status and self-assessment of belonging to a social stratum, or with such components of an integrative social status as the level of education and income level of the respondents. The author concludes that education in Russia does not provide preferences to the extent that they are provided in a number of other countries participating in the program.