Perceptions Of Social Dominance Research Articles

Effects of androstadienone on dominance perception in males with low and high social anxiety

Increasing evidence suggests that humans can communicate both trait-dominance and state-dominance via body odor. Androstadienone (androsta-4,16,-dien-3-one), a chemosignal found in human sweat, seems to be a likely candidate for signaling dominance in humans. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of androstadienone on the perception of social dominance. Moreover, we examined whether high levels of social anxiety, a psychopathology involving concerns that specifically pertain to social dominance, are associated with increased sensitivity to androstadienone as a chemical cue of dominance. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject design, 64 heterosexual male participants (32 with high social anxiety and 32 with low social anxiety) viewed facial images of males depicting dominant, neutral and submissive postures, and were asked to recognize and rate the dominance expressed in those images. Participants completed the task twice, once under exposure to androstadienone and once under exposure to a control solution. The results indicate that androstadienone increased the perceived dominance of men’s faces, specifically among participants with high social anxiety. These findings suggest a direct influence of androstadienone on dominance perception and further highlight the preferential processing of dominance and social threat signals evident in social anxiety.

The role of emotion transition for the perception of social dominance and affiliation

ABSTRACTIndividuals who show anger are rated as higher in dominance and lower in affiliation, whereas those who express sadness are rated lower in dominance and higher in affiliation. Little is known about situations where people show both expressions in sequence as happens when a first emotional reaction is followed by a second, different one. This question was examined in two studies. Overall, we found that the last emotion shown had a strong impact on perceived behavioural intentions. However, the information about the previously shown emotion was also integrated. The specific mode of integration was dependent on the salience of the change and naive theories about the type of person who changes their emotion in the face of changing events.

Emotional versus neutral expressions and perceptions of social dominance and submissiveness.

Emotional expressions influence social judgments of personality traits. The goal of the present research was to show that it is of interest to assess the impact of neutral expressions in this context. In 2 studies using different methodologies, the authors found that participants perceived men who expressed neutral and angry emotions as higher in dominance when compared with men expressing sadness or shame. Study 1 showed that this is also true for men expressing happiness. In contrast, women expressing either anger or happiness were perceived as higher in dominance than were women showing a neutral expression who were rated as less dominant. However, sadness expressions by both men and women clearly decreased the extent to which they were perceived as dominant, and a trend in this direction emerged for shame expressions by men in Study 2. Thus, neutral expressions seem to be perceived as a sign of dominance in men but not in women. The present findings extend our understanding of the way different emotional expressions affect perceived dominance and the signal function of neutral expressions-which in the past have often been ignored.

Knowing Who's Boss: fMRI and ERP Investigations of Social Dominance Perception

Humans use facial cues to convey social dominance and submission. Despite the evolutionary importance of this social ability, how the brain recognizes social dominance from the face is unknown. We used event-related brain potentials (ERP) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the neural mechanisms underlying social dominance perception from facial cues. Participants made gender judgments while viewing aggression-related facial expressions as well as facial postures conveying dominance or submission. ERP evidence indicates that the perception of dominance from aggression-related emotional expressions occurs early in neural processing while the perception of social dominance from facial postures arises later. Brain imaging results show that activity in the fusiform gyrus, superior temporal gyrus and lingual gyrus, is associated with the perception of social dominance from facial postures and the magnitude of neural response in these regions differentiates between perceived dominance and perceived submissiveness.

Cultural Aspects of Place Names: New Mexico

AbstractPlace names are assigned to phenomena which may outlast the culture which named them, and in that persistence through time the names become artifact remains of social patterns not otherwise visible. In northern New Mexico where Native American. Spanish and Anglo cultures have been in contact over the past 400 years, 13,879 place names were collected and an exploratory analysis was made of their cultural origins. In one sub-region it was possible to perceive how one culture named places already named by another: Spanish tended to impose new terms, whereas Anglo tended more to alter pre-existing names. When existing place names were corrupted by another culture, Anglo tended to combine an Anglo word with one from the other culture; Spanish tended more toward transliteration. Native American practices differed from Spanish and Anglo. The findings suggest differences in cultural modes of symbolization. Insights about modes of symbolization in naming places may be transferable to other symbolizing situations, — the perceptions of social dominance, for example Further study is needed.

Comparison of Teachers' and Children's Perceptions of Social Dominance

Teachers' and children's perceptions of social dominance in fourth-grade classes were examined. 3 female teachers' rankings of “toughness” and “getting one's own way” among the 32 boys and 20 girls in Grade 4 were compared to hierarchies based on class consensus. Results indicated that only 1 of the 3 teachers showed significant agreement with her student's rankings, defined the terms like the children, and generated overlapping hierarchies as the children did. All 3 teachers and the children ranked boys higher than girls on toughness, but teachers' patterns diverged on the “own way” term The inconsistencies between teachers' and children's perceptions suggest that the basis for their rankings should be studied.

Culture and the perception of social dominance from facial expression.

Culture and the perception of social dominance from facial expression.

Culture and the perception of social dominance from facial expression.

Culture and the perception of social dominance from facial expression.

The perception of preschool social dominance

Children's and teachers' perception of social dominance was examined using a behavioral criterion for determining accuracy of verbal judgments. Video records of agonistic interactions were obtained during approximately 60 hours of free-play at two preschool centers. Analyses of social conflict episodes ending in submission revealed linear dominance structures for both groups. Dominance perception was assessed in two ways. Both teachers and children were asked to rank-order a subgroup of children according to dominance. They were also asked to select the more dominant children in a number of predetermined pairs. Results indicated that teachers could accurately judge dyadic dominance relations, and that accuracy among children varied as a function of their status within the group hierarchy. Findings have implications for social dominance assessment methodology, and for the issue of consensual versus ecological validity in developmental studies of social perception.