Perceptions Of Procedural Justice Research Articles

Client Perspectives of Holistic Defense: Strengthening Procedural Justice through Enhanced Client Trust

Holistic defense, a client-centered model that relies on team-based operations, has emerged in recent years as an alternative to traditional public defense practices. There is some evidence that holistic defense improves client outcomes, yet no research to date has evaluated client perspectives of holistic defense among adult clients. In this study, we hypothesize a relationship between holistic defense and increased client trust, perceptions of procedural justice, and legal and extra-legal outcomes. We examine public defense from the client perspective through in-depth interviews (N = 36) coded deductively, comparing the experiences of clients of holistic defense (n = 20) with those of traditional public defense (n = 16). We find that distrust and cynicism are pervasive in both client samples, but the holistic defense model provides tangible ways to build trust with clients, bolster perceptions of procedural justice, enhance legal and extra-legal client outcomes, and increase client satisfaction. Prior research has demonstrated the importance of procedural justice in terms of client satisfaction, compliance with court decisions, and acceptance of legal authority. However, the public tends to distrust court actors, which erodes procedural justice. We demonstrate that, in addition to both legal and extra-legal client benefits, holistic defense has the capacity to build client trust and bolster perceptions of procedural justice.

A manager's stewardship identification in Brazilian family firms: the role of controls' design and procedural justice

Purpose The paper investigates whether a family firm's control context is directly associated with a manager's stewardship attitude or whether this relationship is mediated by the manager's perception with respect to the fairness of the control processes. Design/methodology/approach The authors have sent a survey to family businesses in Brazil. The authors tested the hypotheses with the data collected from 141 responding family and nonfamily managers with the use of structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses (SmartPLS). Findings The authors find that more participative and more formal controls are associated with higher procedural justice perceptions. Zooming in on the types of control, namely forward-looking action controls, like target setting (TS), and backward-looking results controls, like performance measurement (PM), the authors observe that TS is significantly positively associated with stewardship identification through a manager's procedural justice perceptions for both control characteristics (partial mediation for participative TS and full mediation for formal TS). PM on the other hand is only significantly directly related to a stewardship identification if it is of a participative character. In addition, the authors find a significant moderating effect of family affiliation, increasing the strength of the association between PM procedural justice and stewardship identification for nonfamily managers. Originality/value Prior literature focused on discussing stewardship attitudes and behaviors in family firms, but few provided empirical evidence that a stewardship attitude in a family firm is associated with contextual factors, like the design of controls in family firms in combination with a manager's individual perception of family firm's process factors.

The association between police officers in schools and students’ longer term perceptions of police as procedurally just

AbstractResearch SummaryMuch debate exists regarding the use of police inside schools and their impacts on students. Some argue that the use of School Resource Officers (SROs) could foster positive perceptions of police. However, no research exists examining whether SROs affect perceptions of police later in life. Further, research has not evaluated how differing SRO roles impacts lasting perceptions of police. Using a regression analysis on a sample of 328 college students, this study investigated whether there is a relationship between SRO presence during the middle‐ or high‐school years and current perceptions of local law enforcement in terms of procedural justice (neutrality, voice, trust, respect). Additionally, we compared the impacts of various SRO roles including an enforcement only approach, a mixed approach (i.e., law enforcement and an additional activity such as teaching) and a full triad approach (i.e., law enforcement, teaching, and mentoring) on these perceptions. The results reveal differential impacts on perceptions depending on whether the SRO was used in middle versus high school as well as the role typology of the SRO. Though small, there were mostly negative relationships between SRO presence in middle school and lasting perceptions of procedural justice for local police, though the use of a full triad model mitigates this negative effect. In contrast, SRO usage in high school has small yet positive effects on longer term perceptions of police, but only when performing a mixed or full triad approach.Policy ImplicationsPolicy makers and school administrators should reconsider the use of SROs in middle schools as the exposure to these officers early on is associated with more negative lasting impressions of police. However, the use of SROs in high schools can be beneficial for fostering long‐term perceptions of police so long as these officers are engaged in activities beyond pure law enforcement.

Prison staff's perceptions of procedural justice in English and Welsh prisons: A quantitative study

AbstractThis study aimed to develop a measure of procedural justice (PJ) perceptions for prison staff, and used this to explore perceptions. A measure of PJ perceptions was created, which had good reliability and validity. Exploration of PJ perceptions found that male, older, more experienced and disciplinary staff held significantly less positive PJ perceptions. Positive PJ perceptions were associated with improved staff motivation and commitment, reduced stress, reduced sickness, and a more positive orientation towards prison residents. Better staff PJ was also associated with better prison residents’ PJ. The importance of ensuring staff feel that their workplace is fair is discussed.

Divergent perspectives: autistic adults' perceptions of the police

PurposeMuch of the current criminological research regarding police and the autistic community focuses on police training for interacting with autistic individuals or the experiences, fears and perceptions of parents or caregivers. Largely absent from the criminological research are the opinions and perceptions of autistic adults. The purpose of the paper is to examine perceptions of the police and police-led initiatives among these individuals.Design/methodology/approachThe authors analyze data from 121 autistic adults regarding their perceptions of the police and police-led autism awareness efforts using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. Variables of interest include perceptions of procedural justice, police treatment of autistic individuals, fear of interacting with police and perceptions of police autism awareness campaigns.FindingsFindings indicate that autistic respondents vary in perceptions of the police. Prior negative experiences with police have a stronger influence on perceptions than do positive experiences. Support for awareness campaigns is also varied.Originality/valueDespite high-profile police incidents involving autistic individuals, there have been no empirical examinations of autistic adults' global perceptions of the police or police-led autism awareness campaigns. The current study addresses that oversight by directly examining autistic adults' perceptions. The approach is particularly salient given the ongoing police public scrutiny surrounding officer interactions with individuals from special populations, which is largely uninformed by research centering the voices of impacted individuals.

Race and Ethnicity Differences in Police Contact and Perceptions of and Attitudes Toward the Police Among Youth

While investigations examining the effects of direct and vicarious police stops on youth attitudes toward the police have been limited, even less research has explored how these processes vary by race/ethnicity. Thus, this study uses the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS) to examine how race/ethnicity shapes: (1) the relationship between direct and vicarious police stops and youth attitudes toward police and (2) how the contextual nature of these stops (intrusiveness) influence youth perceptions of police. The results suggest that direct and/or vicarious police contact can generate negative attitudes toward police among black, Hispanic, and in some cases, white youth, though these effects vary across type of police stop and type of attitude. When a direct stop involved more officer intrusiveness, black youth reported less respect and more negative perceptions of procedural justice. As such, policymakers and criminologists should consider how race/ethnicity influences youth attitudinal responses to police encounters.

리더 에너지가 부하의 절차공정성 인식에 미치는 영향

This study investigates a mediating model in which leader’s energy affects the procedural justice perception of subordinate through subordinate’s energy. The dual path of social contagion and leader role enactment posits that the leader’s energy positively affects subordinate’s energy. In turn, the subordinate’s energy improved by the leader’s energy is expected to positively affect procedural justice through two pathways. First, based on the broaden and build theory, the energy enables an extended interpretation of the organizational situation. According to the control theory approach, an extended interpretation of the situation will lead to increase procedural justice perception. Second, drawing on the interaction ritual theory, employee with high energy tend to experience positive social interactions with other members. According to the socio-emotional approach, individual with high energy experiences favorable social interaction with others, which enhances procedural justice perception. This study analyzes the data of 275 employees in China. Results reveal that leader’s energy positively affects subordinate’s energy. Also subordinate’s energy positively affects procedural justice perception. Finally, this study determines a significant mediating effect of the leader’s energy on the perception of procedural justice mediated by the subordinate’s energy. The results make a theoretical contribution to the organizational justice literature by explaining the formation of the perception from the lens of the accumulation and utilization of employee’s energy as a psychological resource. Moreover, the current study contributesto leadership research in that it explains the influence of leader energy. In practice, the results provide implications by examining the comprehensive influence of leader energy and suggesting a way to utilize it for leadership or organizational development.

Improving Youths’ Perceptions of Law Enforcement: Results From an Experimental Design in Two Cities

This study examined the effectiveness of Students Talking it Over with Police (STOP) to improve youth’s perceptions of the police, perceptions of procedural justice, willingness to cooperate with police, willingness to file a police report, and knowledge about how to file a police report. An experimental design was employed in Racine, WI and St. Louis, MO and found that STOP was effective in improving perceptions of the police, perceptions of procedural justice, and willingness to cooperate with police in both locations; limited evidence was found in youth’s willingness to file and knowledge about how to file a police report. Analyses in St. Louis found that race/ethnicity and grade level were associated with knowledge about how to file a police report.

Outcomes of talent identification in economically liberalized India: Does organizational justice matter?

Organizations in economically liberalized India face substantial challenges regarding the engagement and turnover of talent. By exploring the outcomes of the firm-level management practice of talent identification, we uncover the effects of identifying valuable employees as high potential. Adopting an organizational justice lens, we consider the social exchange consequences of talent identification for those identified either as high potential or non-high potential, examining how perceived organizational justice moderates the relationship with employee engagement/turnover intention. Based on data from 331 employees in two large organizations in India, perceptions of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice in this highly competitive labor market are found to moderate the relationship between talent identification and work engagement, while distributive justice moderates the relationship with employee turnover intention. The study identifies novel conditions under which talent identification might avoid the negative outcomes associated with an exclusive approach to talent management, commonly adopted in Indian organizations.

The Enactment of Classroom Justice Through Explicit Instruction: Deciphering the Changes in English as a Foreign Language Teachers' Perceptions and Practices.

This mixed methods research study investigated if explicit instruction could affect EFL teachers’ perceptions and practices of classroom justice considering its three-dimensional conceptualization based on the social psychology theories of justice, encompassing the distributive, interactional, and procedural justice. To this end, 77 Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers, chosen through maximum variation sampling, attended a four-session online justice-training course. The data were collected both before and after the course intervention through close- and open-ended questionnaires. Quantitative data analysis results, obtained through running paired samples t-tests and Wilcoxon signed ranks tests, indicated that except for the distributive component, the treatment was effective in significantly enhancing the Iranian EFL teachers’ procedural, interactional, and total classroom justice perceptions. Content analysis of the posttest qualitative data, done through MAXQDA, revealed that the participants approved the course usefulness, its significance, and uses of justice enactment strategies in their classroom. Furthermore, they confirmed positive changes in their conceptions and practices of justice because of attending the course and showed enthusiasm in attending more such courses in the future. The convergence of the quantitative and qualitative results in this study demonstrated the effectiveness of the justice-oriented training course for enhancing EFL teachers’ just classroom behaviors. Hence, the results would be fruitful for teacher educators aiming to promote the pre- and in-service EFL teachers’ professional effectiveness through explicit instruction on classroom justice and its use in teacher education programs.

Race, Ethnicity, Justice, and Self-Regulating Beliefs among a Sample of Justice-Involved Men and Women

Drawing on elements from the process-based model of policing, intersectionality, critical race perspectives, and comparative conflict theory, the study explores the pathways by which racial and ethnic identity influence self-regulating beliefs among justice-involved individuals. Given that people of color within this group are acutely aware of criminal justice system oppression and inequalities and have likely internalized negative expectations as part of their identity, we consider whether procedural justice perceptions of the police and courts mediate the relationship between racial and ethnic identity and obedience to the law. Relying upon data from a sample of men and women incarcerated in Florida, the findings reveal a negative, indirect relationship between race and self-regulating beliefs, such that Black individuals perceive the police as less procedurally just, which spills over onto perceptions of court procedural justice, and ultimately decreases the willingness to obey. A similar relationship is not found for Hispanic individuals.

How servant leadership affects organizational citizenship behavior: the mediating roles of perceived procedural justice and trust

PurposeThe paper aimed (1) to examine the mediating effects of procedural justice perception and trust in leaders between servant leadership and customer-oriented organizational citizenship behavior and (2) to investigate the relationships between procedural justice perception and trust in leaders in the context of Chinese hotel industry.Design/methodology/approachThe paper opted for a quantitative study using online survey to collect data. Data screening was carried out to ensure all the data met the underlying statistical assumptions. This paper adopted structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe paper found that procedural justice perception and trust in leaders have a full mediating effect on the relationship between servant leadership and customer-oriented organizational citizenship behavior. Procedural justice perception was positively associated with trust in leaders.Originality/valueThe paper provided a framework to enhance the theoretical understanding of interconnectedness of servant-leadership-related variables. It filled a theoretical gap by proposing an integrative model that examined the relationships among the variables of interest.

Gamifying a personality measure by converting it into a story: Convergence, incremental prediction, faking, and reactions

AbstractNew assessments were developed measuring conscientiousness and openness by gamifying two existing Likert‐type personality measures by adding a story, a measure redesign process called storification. Both the original and storified versions of the measures were administered to 426 people to compare the measures' convergence, incremental prediction of performance, magnitude of faking effects, and reactions using a counter‐balanced within‐subjects fake‐good research design. Moderate convergence of latent traits was observed between the original and storified measures for both conscientiousness (β = .45) and openness (β = .72). Convergence at the item level was generally poor (−.02 < r < .40 with mean convergence = 0.17). The measures predicted performance more poorly than the original measures on which they were based. When instructed to fake, the conscientiousness measure showed improved resistance to faking, but the openness measure did not. Reactions (e.g., face validity perceptions, predictive validity perceptions) were more positive to the storified measures in terms of procedural justice and general fairness perceptions. Overall, the present attempt at storification was more successful at creating alternative measures of traits rather than parallel ones, suggesting storification may be better considered a distinct scale development strategy instead of a redesign technique that maintains the psychometric profile of an original measure.

Identity and Perceptions of Procedural Justice in the Courts in Turkey: Ethnic and Political Factors

Procedural justice, which is about the fairness of procedures that the legal authorities use in their interactions with the public, is an important determinant of people’s general evaluations of these authorities. Based on a nationally representative survey with 1,804 people, this article investigates how socio-political identities such as ethnicity and one’s status as a political winner or loser affect people’s perceptions of procedural justice in the courts in Turkey. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that Kurds and political losers are more likely than Turks and political winners, respectively, to think that the courts in Turkey are not procedurally just. Furthermore, we found that voting for the incumbent party or being an Alevi does not have an effect on Kurds’ perceptions of procedural justice in the courts. We, therefore, argue that ethnicity and being a political winner are two important identity factors that determine people’s perceptions of procedural justice in the courts in Turkey. We concluded that because Kurds and political losers are less likely to identify with the state, they have more negative perceptions of procedural justice in the courts in Turkey.

Antecedents and consequences of employees' procedural justice perceptions: a field investigation in India

This paper investigates the combined influence of employees' perceptions of their organisations' human resource practices (EPHRPs) and person-organisation fit (P-O fit) with their employees as significant elements that may be associated with conducive employee attitudes such as organisational trust and job satisfaction when such associations are mediated by employee's procedural justice perceptions (EPJPs). A literature review of these constructs was carried out which yielded the study hypotheses. Usable data were collected from 303 respondents. The data was then subjected to empirical testing through structural equation modelling (SEM) procedures. The results established the distinctiveness of all the study variables and led to the acceptance of all the study hypotheses as statistically significant. Subsequently, the theoretical and practical significance of the findings were discussed. The study concludes by noting its limitations and outlining future scopes of research.

Antecedents and consequences of employees' procedural justice perceptions: a field investigation in India

Antecedents and consequences of employees' procedural justice perceptions: a field investigation in India

Gerenciamento de reclamações: O impacto da satisfação pós-reclamação no comportamento organizacional

Abstract Purpose: The objective of this research was to investigate satisfaction with the management of complaints through perceptions of organizational justice and its subsequent impact on organizational commitment, involvement, and engagement at work of internal customers in the shared services centers (SSC). Originality/value: We used the model developed and tested by Tax et al. (1998), which in this study was adapted to the organizational context of the SSC. This approach is unprecedented and aims to reduce the defragmentation of academic literature in SSC (Richter & Brül, 2017), which is at an early stage of development (Knol et al., 2014). Design/methodology/approach: This is a quantitative-descriptive cross-sectional study, whose data were collected from internal clients of SSC (employees of the branches) through a survey, resulting in 172 valid answers that were analyzed through structural equation modeling (SEM). Findings: The results obtained indicate that perceptions of distributive and procedural justice affect the satisfaction of internal clients with the management of complaints. Organizational commitment, involvement and engagement are directly influenced by satisfaction with the management of complaints.

DOES INTERPERSONAL JUSTICE NEGATIVELY PREDICT OVERALL PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL FAIRNESS? A PAKISTANI STUDY

Building on recent research in organizational justice, this study examined the impact of four factors of justice on perceived overall fairness of performance appraisal (PA) systems. The study used a survey questionnaire to collect data from 259 public servants in Pakistan. Based on fundamental ethical principles that employees desire public managers to be unbiased, we developed the hypotheses that were, subsequently, tested using variance-based structural equation modeling in SmartPLS 3.0. The results of the study revealed evidence that, in the context of PA systems, high interpersonal justice is indeed associated with decreased perceptions of overall fairness. The findings of the study provide guidance to public managers that distributive justice, procedural justice, and informational justice perceptions are more conducive for overall fairness perceptions in the PA system than interpersonal justice. Although the negative effect of interpersonal justice seems plausible, surprisingly, empirical research hitherto has not directly investigated this possibility.

Demographic Characteristics and Job Satisfaction: The Mediation Role of Organisational Justice Perceptions in Public and Private Sector Health Organisations in Nigeria

The health sector is of critical importance to the wellbeing of the labour force, dependent demographic structure and life expectancy for economic development. Effective and efficient health care delivery is of a prime focus among stakeholders in the health sector in Nigeria. The current status of the health sector is fraught with industrial unrest and picketing following the failure of the government to meet the expectation of workers. Employee work-related attitude of job satisfaction, distributive, procedural and interactional justice perceptions of health workers in part play a key role to attaining quality health care. However, a large number of factors are responsible for job satisfaction of health professionals. In this paper, the nexus between demographics and job satisfaction is examined as well as the mediating role of organisational justice perceptions of workers in public and private healthcare institutions in Nigeria. Demographics of age, gender, education, job experience were considered with respect to overall job satisfaction and organisational justice. The study is grounded in the equity theoretical foundation of Adams in 1965. An analytical descriptive survey design was adopted in this study. A sample of 300 employees from private (150 workers) and public (150 workers) health care institutions were selected for the study through the use of a stratified random sampling procedure. The data were collected from self-report of workers via the administration of a structured questionnaire to employees. The numeric scores were determined from the summated scales of job satisfaction and organisational justice. The data were analysed with multivariate regression and structural equation modelling. From the analysed data, the study found that gender and job tenure were significant predictors of distributive justice, procedural justice and extrinsic job satisfaction while organisational justice had a significant effect on job satisfaction. In terms of the indirect effects, organisational justice mediated the relationships between gender, job tenure and overall job satisfaction. Consistent with the findings of the study, all health professionals should be treated on the basis of fairness without discrimination irrespective of status and professional dichotomy. Accordingly, the study recommended that the health care workforce who play managerial roles should ensure fairness and consider job tenure and gender in the formulation of policy frameworks for the overall job satisfaction of employees.

Transformational Leadership, Procedural Justice, and Emotion of Indonesia Civil State Apparatus: Does It Matter?

<p><em>This study aims to uncover the effect of transformational leadership toward procedural justice and it’s impact on the positive emotions of Indonesia Civil State Apparatus (CSA). This study used respondents which</em><em> located in</em><em> Jakarta, Makassar, Palu, and Ambon. As such as we know, perceptions of transformational leadership and procedural justice in government environmental can variably by employees. Thus, it will have the tendency to affect positive emotions. Preventing the bias response, the Social Desirability Response (SDR) test was conducted. Sample size in this study was 572 respondents by a survey. purposive sampling technique was used to gain respondents. This study gives an evidence that transformational leadership in government agency could explain and predict procedural justice which perceived by CSA. Subsequently, procedural justice could affect CSA positive emotions</em>. <em>This study proved that transformational leadership could explain and predicting organizational citizenship behavior as a whole.</em></p>