Perceptions Of National Identity Research Articles

Perception of National Identity in a Group of University Students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

National identity is critical in a multi-ethnic country like Indonesia. This research of 75 second-year psychology students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, investigates conceptions of national identity. Employing Rusciano's Selbstbild and Guibernau's five-dimensional theory, an email survey with three open-ended questions was utilized. Thematic analysis revealed prevalent themes among respondents, primarily within the political dimension of national identity. Noteworthy were notions of respecting diversity, safeguarding rights and privacy, opposing discrimination, and combatting intolerance. The diverse ethnic and religious backgrounds of participants underscored Indonesia's multiethnic landscape. The findings highlighted a heightened political commitment among female participants compared to males. In essence, this study illustrates the applicability of Guibernau's five-dimensional theory in comprehending the nuanced development of national identity in a diverse sample of Indonesian university students.

Attitudes toward LCCP strategies: A comprehensive framework

Within recent years, the choice of whether to employ local culture consumer positioning (LCCP) strategies has gained considerable interest in both international marketing research and practice, particularly due to the recent rise in nationalism around the world. This current research focuses on the individual-level drivers of consumer attitudes toward LCCP strategies by creating a more comprehensive framework of the antecedents of attitudes toward LCCP strategies. Utilizing an institution-based view, social identity, self-verification, and personality trait theories, we develop a framework that encompasses elemental personality traits (agreeableness and need for material resources), perceptions of national identity, international travel, world-mindedness, and national identification as direct and indirect antecedents of attitudes toward LCCP strategies. Within three studies, we test the hypothesized relationships in the proposed framework across two different markets (the US and India) and discover several interesting findings that contribute to understanding in both international consumer marketing theory and practice.

Tourists’ national identity at heritage sites of natural disasters

Cultivating national identity at dark heritage sites is of national significance and important for one's sense of belonging. Chinese national identity seems to be a quintessential case to investigate, given nation-building is central to the development of dark heritage tourism in China. However, there is a lack of systematic and in-depth understanding of the factors associated with the construction of national identity among visitors. Drawing on self-categorisation theory, this paper explores visitors' perception of national identity in a dark heritage context of natural disasters. Built on the analysis of 83 semi-structured interviews from two different dark heritage sites in China, a conceptual model illustrating the salience of national identity was developed. The model indicates that Chinese national identity could be facilitated by external stimuli and national identity attributes. The salient national identity is accompanied by emotional reactions and positive evaluation of the national group. The findings might provide managerial insights into nation-building practice and endeavours through dark heritage of natural disasters.

Spatial Constructions of Homeland in Turkish National Identity: Exclusion and Inclusion of Europe

This paper focuses on the geographical, historical, and cultural spatializations of Turkish national identity by political elites in the post-2000 era. Considering the close link between the formation of national identity and the spatial constructions of homeland, the paper shows that Turkish national identity since the foundation of the Republic has been constructed through different supranational visions, navigating through different civilizational ingredients. We show that the Kemalists’ Western-oriented or Eurocentric geopolitical discourses, which perceive Turkey as a “bridge country”, have been transformed in the postCold War era into a more ambitious geopolitical discourse of a “central country”, which aims to broaden Turkey’s “identity space” through its Ottoman heritage. In line with this transformation, in the 2000s, the Turkish homeland was imagined as the “cradle of civilizations”, but the national identity did not develop as a counter-hegemonic measure against the West (Europe). The post-2010 era – with a pronounced emphasis on Islamic culture and Ottoman geopolitical space – constitutes a departure from the previous years’ spatial and identity constructions of Turkey, in the sense that the political elites’ perception of national identity has never gone beyond the national frontiers to this extent, and the West (Europe) has never been so trivialized in terms of progress and civilization.

Audiences of distant suffering in authoritarian regimes: Denial mechanisms and acts of moral justification

The study of the audiences of distant suffering in authoritarian regimes has received relatively little scholarly attention. This article begins to ameliorate this gap in knowledge by examining how Chinese audiences legitimise their unresponsiveness to mediated victims of global disasters. Drawing upon data from semi-structured interviews and focus groups with participants ( N = 81), the study discusses the dominant regimes of justification which inform audience inactivity, the associated argumentation strategies and patterns of reasoning, and their sociocultural and ideological underpinnings. We find that decision-making about the moral justification for inactivity is influenced by state-propaganda media narratives, preferences for ideologies, perceptions of national identity and global responsibility, and geopolitical imaginations. These findings have implications for expanding the ontological horizons of distant suffering studies that are currently embedded in Western spatial and ideological dimensions, particularly in a world of crises spawned by globalisation and mediatisation.

The effectiveness of the lesson study method in teaching economics in secondary school

Now, in the higher education system, it is important for students to adapt to the educational process and the process of producing specialists. In the era of a market economy, the compatibility of supply and demand and the significant role of competitive personnel in production depend precisely on the professional adaptation of personnel. The author speaks in this article about the factors influencing the professional adaptation of specialists. Pedagogical conditions are diagnostics of new professional qualities for the adaptation of students to further professional activity, which ensures the effective implementation of other pedagogical conditions, rather than concepts of the development of professional qualities and subjects and professional indicators corresponding to new modern diagnostic requirements. The article is aimed at improving the effectiveness of the methodology aimed at adapting students to the educational process, which includes the results of the study of the didactic, psychological, social adaptation of students to the educational process, as well as the perception of national identity, the view of values as a priority problem and professional flexibility.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE PROFESSIONAL ADAPTATION OF A SPECIALIST

Now, in the higher education system, it is important for students to adapt to the educational process and the process of producing specialists. In the era of a market economy, the compatibility of supply and demand and the significant role of competitive personnel in production depend precisely on the professional adaptation of personnel. The author speaks in this article about the factors influencing the professional adaptation of specialists. Pedagogical conditions are diagnostics of new professional qualities for the adaptation of students to further professional activity, which ensures the effective implementation of other pedagogical conditions, rather than concepts of the development of professional qualities and subjects and professional indicators corresponding to new modern diagnostic requirements. The article is aimed at improving the effectiveness of the methodology aimed at adapting students to the educational process, which includes the results of the study of the didactic, psychological, social adaptation of students to the educational process, as well as the perception of national identity, the view of values as a priority problem and professional flexibility.

An ‘alternative’ imagination of national identity in Turkey: the blue Anatolianists’ perception of culture, civilization, and the west

ABSTRACT This article elaborates upon Blue Anatolianism as another form of supranationalism with which Turkish nationalism is linked. Having quite different arguments from other types of Anatolianisms and supranationalisms on culture and civilization, Blue Anatolianists ‘creatively’ include the West in their perception of Turkishness. This study investigates the Blueists’ claims regarding Western civilization – as the only civilization – and the Turkish nation – as the ‘real owner’ of this civilization – within the framework of Social Identity Theory (SIT). It explores Blueists’ perceptions of national identity through content analysis of selected works of Kabaağaçlı, Eyüboğlu and Erhat, the core trio of the movement.

Adult Iranian English Language Learners’ Identity Work: An Exploration of Language Practices and Learner Identities

Iranian authorities view English language learning as a disturbing influence on national identity. They are concerned about its impact on learners’ identities. Despite the political concern, there is growing interest in learning English in Iranian private schools for personal and social development. This article reports on a study in which six male and two female adult English language learners in Iran were interviewed. The semi-structured interviews provided insights into learners’ identity formation and social practices. The data showed developments in learners’ perceptions of national identity, cultural, and religious practices. The globalization of English has amplified learners’ level of access to the discourse of others, while the level of investment in learning is indispensable in their identity formation. This research argues that English language learning and its associated everyday practices lead to learners’ identity work. This has significant implications for language education in cultures with adverse views toward learning English.

Exploring the relationship between national identity and attitudes towards immigrants in the United States

ABSTRACT As of 2018, there were more than 44.7 million immigrants residing, both lawfully and unlawfully, in the United States [Batalova, J., Blizzard, B., & Bolter, J. (2020, February 14). Frequently requested statistics on immigrants and immigration in the United States. Migration Policy Institute. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states]. Understanding the attitudes of U.S. citizens towards immigrants is necessary because of the impact that attitudes can have on policy development and the subsequent national treatment of immigrants based on those policies. This article utilizes a framework of national identity which suggests that this construct is comprised of three separate elements: nativism, emotionality, and behavior. Using U.S. citizen response data from three waves of the National Identity module of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) from 1995, 2003, and 2013, multivariate linear regressions were used to explore the relationship between this framework and attitudes towards immigrants. Findings indicated that there were statistically significant relationships between respondents’ perceptions of national identity and attitudes towards immigrants.

Perceptions of National Identity in Kazakhstan: Pride, Language, and Religion

Perceptions of National Identity in Kazakhstan: Pride, Language, and Religion

What does it mean to be American? Perceptions of national identity amongst adults and children

Across two studies we examined whether conformity (vs. not) to primordial, assimilationist, and civic constructions impacted adults’ and preschoolers’ conceptions of national identity. Adults (N = 151) and preschoolers (N = 42) in the U.S. viewed photos of White faces accompanied by descriptive information, including whether or not the individual was born in the U.S. (i.e., primordial construction), spoke English (i.e., assimilationist construction), and loved the U.S. (i.e., civic construction). Participants rated each target’s “American-ness.” Adults considered targets born in the U.S. as most American, followed by targets loving the U.S. However, interactions with assimilationist constructions qualified these effects. Speaking English bolstered the effects of being born in the U.S. or loving the U.S. Preschool aged children solely drew upon civic constructions of identity, evaluating targets loving the U.S. as more American than targets not loving the U.S. Discussion focuses on the implications of these divergent conceptualizations of national identity.

Investigation of students' perceptions of national identity

The concept of identity is described as a set of characteristics that an individual or a group of individuals possess and what makes them unique and different from others. In other words, identity is about culture, social life, traditions and customs as well as attitude, perception and a belief system of people. The identity which is unique to a particular nation and brings together individuals with feelings of belonging to a particular community is called a national identity. National identity is the expression of belonging to a national culture. The National Identity Perception Scale developed by Gelisli was used to collect the data. Descriptive analyses (mean and standard deviation), Mann - Whitney U test and Kruskal - Wallis H test were performed to analyse the data. The results revealed that secondary and high school students possessed a high level of national identity. Moreover, it was found that gender influenced the students' perceptions of national identity. Keywords: Identity, national identity, national culture.

Changing Hong Kong university students’ national identity through studying abroad

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore whether there are any effects on Hong Kong university students’ national identity after short-term study abroad. If so, what sources of influence from the short-term study abroad programme contribute to the students’ change in national identity? Design/methodology/approach Using the case study approach, 85 students completed a questionnaire, and a small group of 12 students were invited to individual interviews for further investigation. Findings Results show that the students’ perceptions of national identity are multiple and complicated through the lens of four components of national identity. The responses of students’ perceptions of change in identity were pointed to three statements: “feeling prouder of being Chinese”, “Hongkongers are very different from mainland Chinese” and “no change in my views of national identity”. The influences of study abroad experiences on national identity varied, dependent on the students’ interaction with the local and non-local people, and reflection on their own identity, whether on the cultural or political differences or on national achievements. Research limitations/implications The findings of this study can inform educators and administrators to enhance profound short-term study abroad experience for the students. The limitation of this case study is that it is concerned with understanding how small numbers of students construct meaning from their individual experience. It is recommended that studies with larger sampling sizes be conducted to investigate students’ perceptions of their national identity before and after studying abroad. Originality/value Considering the increasing number of Hong Kong youths who have participated in these short-term study-abroad programmes in higher education, the findings of this study are significant in terms of awakening the students’ taken-for-granted national identity, if any. The programme serves as a means of triggering the students’ feelings and emotions regarding their identity in different national, social and cultural contexts. This can inform policy makers, educational administrators and teachers to formulate an appropriate national education curriculum for the youth.

재미동포의 한인체전 참여경험이 국가정체성 인식에 미치는 영향

본 연구는 스포츠 이벤트에 대한 경험과 애착이 재외국민의 국가정체성 인식에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 ‘제 19회 미주 한인체전’ 참여자를 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하였으며 350부를 최종 분석에 사용하였다. 이상의 350부의 자료를 가지고 SPSS 21.0 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도분석, 기술통계 분석과 신뢰도분석을 실시하였으며, 가설 검증을 위해 독립표본의 t-검증, 일원변량분석과 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하여, 도출된 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 나이가 많고 참여 경험이 풍부하며 스태프로 참여한 그룹에서 한인체전에 대한 애착과 경험 인식이 긍정적으로 나타났으며 국가정체성 인식도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 한인체전 참여 경험이 국가정체성 인식에 미치는 영향에 관해서는 감각적 경험이 높을수록 국가 자부심이 더 높았으며 행동적 경험이 높을수록 모국 애정이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 한인체전에 대한 애착이 국가정체성에 미치는 영향에 관해서는, 대회에 대한 애착이 높을수록 국가 자부심과 국가정체성정이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

Identity in an Autocratic State: Or What Belarusians Talk about When They Talk about National Identity

How does the role of ordinary citizens change in the interpretation and production of national identity under an authoritarian political system? Exploring the discursive role of authoritarian political stability on perceptions of national identity, this study examines how categories of “national” are appropriated and internalized in identity talks among Belarusians. It offers a bottom–up perspective on national identification, drawing on analysis of six focus group discussions with Belarusian citizens. The main objective was to observe everyday language and how people construct symbolic significance for certain practices as “national” and what are the meanings invested in replicating and re-enacting different identity markers, given the contingencies of everyday life in an authoritarian political context. I evaluate cross-group and intergroup discursive variations in responses and repertoires of volunteer participants in terms of agreement and disagreement. Public conformity with regime ideational practices does not appear to equate with political allegiance to the current regime. Even when identity repertoires echo the identity discourses of official state ideology, people attach their own meanings and interpretations to these identity markers. However, I find that the authoritarian context affects how identity repertoires are enacted and talked about. Integrating performative aspects of identity talks into the analysis, I note how participants consciously reflect on the sensitivity of political topics, and prioritize politically neutral narratives.

Outrunning the Past: European Influences in Building Cultural Policies in Romania and the Role of the Romanian Cultural Institute

ABSTRACTEuropeanization challenged the post-Communist countries with a series of difficulties and opportunities regarding the process of cultural policymaking. The exchange of information took place simultaneously with the process of national policymaking, influencing it. The article tackles this two-fold process and its implications in an endeavor to embrace sociocultural diversity on the one hand, and the attempt to harmonize national systems on the other hand. Culture is deeply linked to the perception of national identity, tradition, representation, and policy. Romanian culture and cultural policies have progressed through different stages in the last few decades: from Communist censorship and the disturbing period after the Revolution, to European pre-accession and post-accession, when cultural policies aimed to comply with the European directives for culture.

“The Jew That Shakespeare Drew, at Least in Outlines”: Renderings of a Yiddish-Speaking Shylock in New York, circa 1900

In 1903 Yiddish-theatre star Jacob P. Adler appeared for the first time on Broadway as Shylock in The Merchant of Venice , delivering his lines in Yiddish amid an otherwise English-speaking cast. Although polyglot stage collaborations with European celebrities were relatively common in the United states at the turn of the twentieth century, the combination of a local Yiddish-speaking actor with an English-speaking support was newsworthy for New Yorkers. indeed, Adler’s performance for a so-called American audience in a leading American theatre drew much attention in a city where record numbers of Eastern and Southern European immigrants had recently settled, and where this immigration surge had unsettled public perceptions of national identity. This essay analyzes Adler’s case from four alternative angles, each of which uniquely characterizes the production’s social meaning for particular audiences. Collectively, the four readings show how Adler’s portrayal of Shylock at once embraced and challenged dominant cultural and social categories, and therein altered them. On one level, the essay’s analysis offers alternative historical readings of Adler to build on existing studies of Yiddish theatre, as well as on studies of how different groups of Americans used Shakespeare to express, circumscribe, and reshape national belonging at the turn of the twentieth century. More broadly, however, it makes the methodologically grounded case that theatre histories are rhetorical; that is, they shape-shift depending on how we frame and contextualize, and in so doing make meaning of, archival materials.

South Korea’s Perceptions of National Identity, the Multicultural Acceptability and the Attitude over Reunifiction

본 연구는 국민정체성 인식과 다문화 수용성이 통일 태도에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구이다. 국민정체성을 시민적 정체성과 종족적 정체성을 축으로 분류한 혼합형, 시민형, 종족형, 다원형 유형과 다문화 지향성, 자민족 지향성이 통일 태도와 통일세 납부 의향에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 시민형 정체성, 다문화 지향성이 통일에 대한 긍정적 태도에 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 통일세 납부 의향에는 다문화 지향성이 유의미한 영향을 미쳤으며, 자민족 지향성은 부적 영향력을 보였다. 본 연구는 통일 태도에 대한 국민정체성의 영향력을 성인을 대상으로 한 분석이라는 점과 다문화 수용성을 고려하였다는 점에서 의의를 가지며, 시민적 정체성과 다문화 수용성을 높이는 방향으로 통일을 준비해야 한다는 점과, 자민족 중심적 태도는 제고되어야 함을 함의로 한다.

The politics of taqlidi rap: reimagining Moroccanness in the era of global flows

This paper presents a multilayered cultural field where Moroccan rappers contribute to the debate on the complex and varied meanings of local, national, and global aesthetics. It showcases myriad angles from which to consider the politics of aesthetics in rap music. Within the last decade, taqlidi rap (traditional rap) has emerged as a music concept that aims to combine Moroccan traditional music and instruments with contemporary genres as a way to broaden popular music. Rap beats inspired by Moroccan music genres like Gnawa or Andalusi aesthetically express different perceptions of national identity, thus allowing rappers to reshape the boundaries of perceived Moroccanness. Taqlidi rap, however, also plays into the agenda of the Makhzen's (the Moroccan ruling elite), which promotes Morocco as a ‘modern’ yet traditional, moderate yet diverse country. At the same time, taqlidi rap is able to respond to a main concern of Moroccan artists: to show national identity in their music production as a main identity marker within a global cultural flow such as rap. This paper unpacks the work of Fnaïre, a Moroccan rap group, and considers other groups from the country such as H-Kayne, Don Bigg, and younger rappers like Dizzy DROS, to examine the role of national identity in a contemporary music genre established in Morocco during the 1990s. It aims to show that a sole focus on the national cultural field may not provide a complete picture of the predominant presence of national identity in Moroccan rap, but also that overlooking the local and national specificities of Moroccan identity politics may result in a simplistic consideration of the field.