Perceptions Of Justice Research Articles

Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Justice; Mediatory Role of Job Satisfaction and Knowledge Sharing

The current investigation emphasizes the association among views of justice (across all three dimensions) and organizational citizenship behavior, as well as any potential mediating impact of job satisfaction and knowledge sharing. This investigation looks at the three aspects of justice perceptions. Data were obtained from 304 workers in Karachi's service industry utilizing cross-sectional surveys and quantitative techniques. Smart Pls 3 was applied for examining the data, and the results indicated that the relationship between the sense of justice and citizenship behavior is mediated by job satisfaction, but that knowledge sharing does not mediate within them. The research demonstrates that OJ and OCB have a substantial and favorable association and that OCB is profoundly affected by each justice in organizations and job satisfaction. On the other hand, the examination has constraints mainly because it only explores the impact of two mediators on OCB and three organizational justice dimensions. Data collection relied on convenience sampling of workers from service-providing firms in Karachi, and the study did not consider the longitudinal effect due to time constraints. Future research can delve deeper into the relationship between these variables by incorporating demographic factors in testing models, examining multiple contributing factors to job satisfaction, and including additional variables in the analysis for a comprehensive understanding of OCB, particularly in the manufacturing industry. Conducting the study in different cities and regions in Pakistan can also broaden the view of the population's perceptions of justice and OCB. This study addresses the pressing need to address issues such as organizational justice and how they can be tackled within the vicinity of work.

Investigation of Nurses'Perceptions of Organizational Justice and Structural and Psychological Empowerment

Amaç: Hemşirelerin örgütsel adalet ile yapısal ve psikolojik güçlendirme algıları ve aralarındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı bir çalışma olarak gerçekleştirilen araştırmanın örneklemini bir kamu hastanesinde çalışan 271 hemşire oluşturdu. Veri toplamada “Bireysel Tanıtım Formu”, “Örgütsel Adalet Algısı Ölçeği”, “Yapısal Güçlendirme Ölçeği” ve “Psikolojik Güçlendirme Ölçeği” kullanıldı. Araştırmanın verileri sayı, yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma, medyan, Cronbach’s Alfa iç tutarlılık katsayısı, Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis, Spearman korelasyon analizleri ile değerlendirildi. Sonuçlar için anlamlılık düzeyi p<0.05 alındı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan hemşirelerin puan ortalamaları örgütsel adalet 2.87±0.59, yapısal güçlendirme 2.88 ±0.67 ve psikolojik güçlendirme 3.74±0.82 olarak bulundu. Örgütsel adalet, işlemsel ve etkileşim adaleti puan ortalamalarının yaşa, mesleki deneyime ve çalışılan birime göre, dağıtım adaleti ve psikolojik güçlendirme algısı puanlarının ise çalışılan birime göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği tespit edildi (p<0.05). Örgütsel adalet algısı ve alt boyutları ile yapısal ve psikolojik güçlendirme algısı arasında anlamlı ilişki bulundu (p<0.05). Sonuç: Hemşirelerin adalet algıları ve yapısal güçlendirme puan ortalamalarının orta düzeyde olumlu, psikolojik güçlendirme puan ortalamalarının ise orta üstü düzeyde olumlu olduğu değerlendirildi. Örgütsel adalet algısı ile yapısal güçlendirme arasında pozitif yönde ve orta, psikolojik güçlendirme ile ise pozitif yönlü ve zayıf ilişki bulundu. Çalışanların örgütlerini daha adil olarak algılamalarında yapısal olarak güçlendirilmelerinin önemli olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.

The Effect of Street Level Bureaucrats’ Perceptions of Organizational Justice on Their Organizational Commitment: A Research in Izmir Land Registry Offices

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sokak düzeyi bürokratlarının karakteristik özelliği olan “vatandaşla yüz yüze temas hâlinde olma” ve “takdir yetkisini kullanma” niteliklerine tipik bir örnek olan tapu memurlarının örgütsel adalet algılarının örgütsel bağlılıkları üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda nicel bir araştırma tasarlanarak araştırmanın modeli ve hipotezleri test edilmiştir. Soru formu, İzmir ilindeki 11 Merkez Tapu Müdürlüğü’nde çalışan memurlara elden dağıtılmış ve 170 gönüllü katılımcıdan veri toplanmıştır. Veriler, SPSS 20.0 programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda, tapu memurlarının etkileşimsel adalet algılamalarının yüksek; işlemsel adalet algılamalarının orta ve dağıtım adaleti algılamalarının düşük düzeyde olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca katılımcıların örgütsel bağlılık düzeylerinin de düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Regresyon analizleri sonucunda, tapu memurlarının özellikle dağıtım adaletine ilişkin algılamalarının örgütsel bağlılığın üç boyutunu da pozitif yönde ve anlamlı düzeyde etkilediği; işlemsel adalet algılamalarının ise sadece duygusal ve normatif bağlılığı etkilediği bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlara dayanarak, kamu yöneticilerinin, tapu memurlarının adalet algısını etkileyen faktörleri dikkatli bir şekilde tespit ederek gerekli iyileştirmeleri yaptırmaları; böylece kurumlarına olan bağlılıklarını artırmaları önerilebilir. Bu tür girişimlerin hem sokak düzeyi bürokratlarının hem de kamu kurumlarının verimliliğini ve performansını artırmada yaşamsal bir önemi bulunmaktadır. Tapu memurları özelinde örgütsel adalet ve örgütsel bağlılık ilişkisini incelemesi açısından özgün olduğu düşünülen bu çalışmanın, kamu yönetimi literatürüne katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir. Ayrıca çalışmanın sonunda geliştirilen önerilerle örgütsel adalet ile örgütsel bağlılık ilişkisini kamusal bir perspektiften sunarak kamu yöneticilerine yol gösterici olması umulmaktadır.

Organizational fairness and task performance: a study between different activities and positions in the justice sector

Purpose: This study analyzes the effects of organizational justice on the performance of tasks in the justice sector, divided by activity and position. Design/methodology/approach: We applied structural equations to a sample of 474 employees of the Public Prosecutor. Findings: A direct and positive effect of distributive justice and interactional justice on task performance was discovered. However, aspects of procedural justice do not have a significant relationship with task performance. The performance of non-core activities is positively influenced by interactional justice and the final activity by distributive justice. As for the positions, the interactional dimension has a significant magnitude in the position of analyst, while the distributive and procedural justice affect the performance of the technician's positions. Practical implications: These findings provide an understanding of how organizations can build their organizational structure between middle and end activities, to increase the perception of justice of their servers, and consequently improving the performance of activities. Originality: The article explores in an unprecedented way the perception of organizational justice in different work functions - the core activity and the non-core activity.

Transformational leadership influences on organisational justice and employee commitment in a customer service organisation

Orientation: Organisations are facing several challenges pertaining to effective leadership, fairness and loyalty of employees. The moderating influence of transformational leadership (TL) on the relationship between justice and employee commitment is still largely unknown and needs to be explored further, especially within the customer service industry.Research purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between organisational justice and employee commitment and to examine the moderating effect of TL on the relationship between organisational justice and employee commitment in a customer service organisation.Motivation for the study: The research setting of this study is a customer service organisation. This organisation calls for a role model leadership approach, such as TL, to create a just, fair workplace and ultimately increase the level of employee commitment.Research approach/design and method: A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was used to collect the data from a sample of 111 permanently employed staff in a South African customer service organisation.Main findings: The findings indicate that TL had a significant positive relationship with organisational justice and employee commitment. Furthermore, the results indicate that TL moderated the relationship between organisational justice and employee commitment.Practical/managerial implications: The findings showed that TL could be vital as an effective leadership approach that can enhance justice perceptions and psychological attachment in the workplace.Contribution/value-add: This study contributes to the theoretical debate on TL, workplace fairness and psychological attachment by providing empirical support on the effect of TL on the relationship between justice and commitment perceptions.

Judicial law-making as a way to overcome the "exceptional legal problem" in continental and general law

The article examines issues related to the enforcement process in civil proceedings both in the field of continental and common law. In particular, the work draws attention to the fact that today a new procedural and legal reality has essentially emerged in the civil justice system of Ukraine, when the settlement of disputed relations is carried out at the expense of judicial law-making in the presence of legislative gaps.
 At the same time, the author emphasizes that although courts do not make law, but in the presence of legal inconsistency of legal norms or their uncertainty regarding disputed relations, the court is forced to resort to judicial law-making in the presence of incompleteness, vagueness or contradiction of legal norms or their absence.
 The institution of judicial law-making also has a place in the field of general (precedent) law. Unlike continental law, the basis for such a law-making process is a legal case, which is overcome at the expense of the law-making process, based on the judge's perception of justice, existing social and moral values, customs or traditions.
 The work reveals the different legal nature of judicial law-making, which is inherent in both continental and common law. In particular, the work claims that judicial law-making in continental law is based exclusively on current legislation, within which there are legislative gaps. Thus, judicial law-making in continental law will always have a local character, as it is aimed exclusively at filling local legislative gaps (vacuities), and therefore it cannot go beyond a certain field of statutory law. At the same time, judicial law-making in common law is of a general nature and is not based on statutory law, as it is aimed at overcoming a legal case during which a new legal doctrine, principle or new rule or provision is formed. For these reasons, judicial law-making in continental law will never "pass" into the sphere of common law, although in both the first and second cases, legal formulas created by judges to settle disputed relations may be of an imperative nature for law enforcement practice and those other courts.
 Thus, the presence of the institution of judicial law-making in both of these legal families gives grounds for asserting that continental and common law, albeit slowly, are beginning to converge and penetrate each other's procedural matter.

An extended review on the relationship between the social studies teachers' inclusive education awareness and social justice perceptions

This research aimed to review the relationship between the awareness of social studies teachers on inclusive education and their perceptions of social justice. This research designed with a relational survey model was carried out using quantitative research methods to collect data specific to both concepts and to reveal the relationship between them. The study group of the research consists of 148 social studies teachers assigned to public schools in the central district of Aksaray province and Mamak district of Ankara province as of the 2021-2022 academic year. “Awareness Scale for Inclusive Education” and “Social Justice Scales in Schools” were used as the data collection tools for this research. The questionnaires were applied via Google Forms due to the pandemic. As a result of the research executed within the framework of various variables, it was concluded that there is a positive relationship between social studies teachers’ awareness of inclusive education and their perceptions of social justice. The reasons concerning the variables pointing to a significant difference as per the findings obtained in the current research may be revealed by collecting in-depth data through qualitative research designs. In addition, the relationship between social studies teachers' perceptions of inclusive education and social justice can be examined based on different variables.

Perception of Procedural Justice Amongst Previously Incarcerated Youth: Procedural Justice in Incarcerated Youth.

Violence among incarcerated youths is a serious public health issue and an area of marked health disparities. Procedural Justice is an ethical framework to guide policy approaches in the criminal justice system. The purpose of our study was to evaluate youth perception of neutrality, respect, trust, and voice while incarcerated. Young people ages 14 to 21 previously incarcerated in a juvenile detention facility were interviewed regarding their perceptions of procedural justice. Participants were recruited from community-based organizations. Interviews were semi-structured, lasting for 1 hr. Interviews were coded for themes related to procedural justice. Twenty-eight participants were interviewed regarding their experience with procedural justice while incarcerated. Key themes included: Neutrality: Participants felt that they were treated impartially regarding everyone receiving the same punishment for offenses; however, levels of punishments for offenses were inconsistent. Respect: Participants often felt disrespected by staff. Trust: The participants did not feel safe to trust. Voice: Participants felt they had no voice while incarcerated. Previously incarcerated youth perceptions indicated a need for more training in the juvenile detention system to enable staff members to have a better understanding of procedural justice and to appropriately utilize it.

Does justice affect brand advocacy? Online brand advocacy behaviors as a response to hotel customers’ justice perceptions

This study focuses on customers' information-sharing behavior in the context of online brand advocacy behavior regarding hotel brands. We aim to explain hotel customers' online brand advocacy behavior through three-sided justice evaluations (i.e., justice for employees, justice for the self, and global belief in a just world), and their hotel satisfaction. Hypotheses are tested by using survey data acquired from 688 individuals on Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) through partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings show that customers' perceptions of justice for the self positively affect their hotel satisfaction, perceptions of justice for employees and the global belief in a just world positively affect online brand advocacy behavior, and hotel satisfaction also positively affects online brand advocacy behavior. We expand current research efforts on online brand advocacy research and provide theoretical and managerial implications for the development of marketing and management research and practice.

Is There a Right Way to Lay Off Employees in Times of Crisis?: The Role of Organizational Justice in the Case of Airbnb

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the tourism and services sector. Using the example of Airbnb’s recent layoff of 25% of its workforce, we focused on the role of organizational justice in mitigating the negative psychological impacts of layoffs. Based on a unique survey of Airbnb employees who survived the layoffs, as well as those who left, we employed an ordinary least squares regression to show that employees’ perceptions of organizational justice were positively related to their job satisfaction and trust in management, while being negatively related to their emotional exhaustion and cynicism. We discovered the crucial importance of interactional justice (i.e., interpersonal and informational justice). The respect, dignity, and politeness shown by management (i.e., interpersonal justice), as well as truthful and adequate communication about the procedure (i.e., informational justice) were pivotal to successfully conducting layoffs, especially during unprecedented economic uncertainty.

군에서의 임파워먼트와 촉진적 발언 행동

In the era of change and innovation, which have become the core values in the 21st-century management, interest in the issue of empowerment has surged. Existing work has supported the effectiveness of empowerment across different countries, industries, and organizations, and its positive effect has been manifested even in government organizations and public enterprises, where bureaucracy and public interests are pursued. While discussion on empowerment in the military remains scarce, the concept of Mission Command, which has been introduced and reinforced since the end of the 20th century, implies that empowerment carries its weight in the military as well. The aim of this study is to investigate whether empowering behaviors of a commander promote subordinates’ voice behaviors, and the mechanism through which this effect unfolds. Data was collected in November, 2022 from the surveys of commanders and their 169 subordinates across 78 teams of the Marine Corps. Multi-level analysis using Mplus 8.1 revealed that a commander’s empowering behaviors increased the extent to which subordinates engaged in voice behavior, and that their procedural justice perception and intrinsic motivation mediated this effect. In addition, procedural justice showed a partial mediation effect while intrinsic motivation triggered a complete mediation effect. These results make theoretical contributions by expanding the horizons of scholarly efforts on empowerment and voice behavior, and also examining the empowerment issue in the military context. Practical implications regarding the effectiveness of Mission Command, which is yet to be fully settled as a management practice in the military context, are also provided.

Coworker Injustices and Their Delegated Authority: Developing an Indirect Actor Model of Supervisor Justice

Supervisors directly influence employees’ perceptions of supervisor justice and subsequent supervisor-supportive behaviors by displaying just treatment through ongoing work interactions. Using a two-study design, we build on this target similarity approach by examining the potential for an indirect actor to be held accountable when a direct offender is acting on the indirect actor's behalf. Integrating fairness and role theory perspectives, Study 1 shows that the relationship between coworker injustice and supervisor-supportive citizenship behavior is mediated by supervisor blame and supervisor justice. Further, these linkages are strengthened when the offending coworker is delegated additional authority by the supervisor. Delegation more clearly connects the supervisor to the coworker's unjust behavior because the coworker is seen as an intermediary for the supervisor (i.e., perceived intermediary delegation-PID). In a constructive replication, Study 2's results support the basic mediation model from Study 1 but also show that the PID effect is influenced by victims’ relative standing with the supervisor compared with their offending coworkers (i.e., relative status). PID's strengthening effect as a result is most pronounced when victims of coworker injustice hold lower relative statuses than offenders. We conclude with implications of our findings and areas for future research.

How Does Contractual Flexibility Affect a Contractor’s Opportunistic Behavior? Roles of Justice Perception and Communication Quality

Owing to the natural complexity and uncertainty of construction projects, more and more contracts tend to add flexibility to be able to deal with emergencies, thus promoting the smooth implementation of projects. Contractual flexibility has a certain impact on contractors’ opportunistic behavior, but because of the lack of relevant empirical studies, its influencing mechanism and conclusions have been controversial. The purpose of this paper is to reveal whether and how contractual flexibility restrains a contractor’s opportunistic behavior. In this paper, data are collected from 290 responses to an opinion questionnaire survey and are analyzed with partial-least-squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that contractual flexibility can restrain a contractor’s opportunistic behavior, and the relationships are mediated by a contractor’s interorganizational justice perceptions. Meanwhile, the communication quality can strengthen the effect of contractual flexibility on interorganizational justice perceptions and opportunistic behavior. The research conclusions of this paper not only deepen scholars’ understanding of contractual flexibility in the field of construction projects but also provide a solid theoretical basis for future in-depth research. The conclusions also provide some practical suggestions for managers of construction projects, emphasizing the important role of contractual flexibility, interorganizational justice perception, and communication quality in restraining contractors’ opportunistic behavior.

Body-worn camera videos and public perceptions of police: an experiment on positive video exposure and community-police relations

ABSTRACT Objective Explore whether exposure to positive BWC videos – particularly, acts of heroism – affects public perceptions of police while accounting for existing trust in police. Method An online vignette-style experiment was conducted in which participants’ (N = 407; age = 41.94 [s = 12.74]; 51% women, 80% White) existing trust in police was measured before random assignment to either view a short series of positive BWC videos or not. All participants then read a vignette describing a traffic stop. Participants reported their perceptions of procedural and distributive justice as well as perceptions of police more generally. Results Participants with higher existing trust in police reported more positive evaluations across all outcomes measured. Exposure to positive BWC videos only increased reported willingness to cooperate with police. However, trust in police and exposure to BWC videos produced an interaction effect: when participants’ existing trust in police was low, viewing positive BWC videos improved evaluations of officer respect and procedural justice as well as willingness to cooperate with police. Participants with low trust in police who viewed the positive videos became more similar to participants with high existing trust in police. Conclusion The findings indicate that exposure to positive BWC videos can moderate the negative effect of low trust in police. In an applied sense, the results suggest that police-community relations may be enhanced by circulating videos that depict acts of police heroism when such events have occurred and are captured on film.

The effect of perceived use of body-worn cameras on procedural justice, police legitimacy, police lawfulness, compliance, cooperation, and satisfaction

ABSTRACT The study examined the effect of perceived use of body-worn cameras (BWCs) on procedural justice, police lawfulness, police legitimacy, specific compliance, general compliance, cooperation with police, and satisfaction with police. Data for the study were obtained from a survey administered to randomly selected undergraduate students (N = 617). Independent samples t-test for bivariate analysis and structural equation modeling for unmediated and mediated analyses were conducted. The respondents believed that BWCs would significantly improve procedural justice, police lawfulness, and satisfaction with police; however, they were significantly less likely to believe that BWCs would increase cooperation and general compliance. Perceived use of BWCs, however, did not have a significant effect on police legitimacy and specific compliance. The results of the mediation analyses showed that the effect of perceived use of BWCs on compliance, cooperation, and satisfaction was mediated through procedural justice and police legitimacy. BWCs improve citizen perceptions of procedural justice, police lawfulness, and satisfaction with police, and procedural justice and police legitimacy mediate the effect of BWCs on compliance and cooperation.

A framework for disability in the new ways of working

Organizations have been increasingly introducing new ways of working (NWW). Yet, it is still unclear how these new work practices (e.g. unassigned-desk policies; self-managing teams; telework) may affect the inclusion of people with disabilities (PWD). The framework developed in this paper theorizes the mechanisms through which NWW can enable or disable PWD's work outcomes (i.e. work-impairment coordination, perceptions of justice, isolation and privacy concerns). Additionally, we use the ideal worker concept to reason that, when combined, NWW practices create expectations for employees that can be incompatible with how PWD are often stereotypically perceived in the workplace. This article helps understand how NWW offer both opportunities and challenges for the socio-economic advancement of PWD and provides HR managers with specific recommendations to balance the enabling and disabling effects of the NWW.

Justice perceptions and reappraisal: A path to preserving employee resilience

ABSTRACT Lower levels of organizational justice relative to one’s peers can negatively influence an employee’s well-being, diminish work satisfaction, and increase apathy. However, not all employees that perceive lower organizational justice respond in the same way. Using affective events theory as a theoretical framework, we draw on the organizational justice, resilience, and emotions literatures to identify a critical factor that may facilitate adaptive responses to lower organizational justice and preserve employee resilience. We propose that cognitive reappraisal, an antecedent-focused emotional regulation strategy, may attenuate the negative impact of lower organizational justice on employee resilience, and ultimately, protect other critical employee outcomes (i.e employee psychological well-being, job satisfaction, and citizenship behavior). Across two large field surveys of employees, we find support for our model.

Resilience and Job Satisfaction: Effect of Moderated Mediation on the Influence of interpersonal Justice on the Performance of Public Servants

The perception of interpersonal justice is one of the key resources for improving employees' performance intention. Elements such as employees' level of satisfaction or their self-perception of their ability to cope with problematic situations are key factors in this relationship according to the job demands-resources model. The objective of this study was to analyze how the perception of job satisfaction and the self-perception of resilience influence how interpersonal justice affects employee performance. A total of 315 public sector employees, who perform administrative and customer service tasks, have contributed to this study. The results show that the relationship between interpersonal justice and intra-role performance is completely mediated by job satisfaction; however, when we include the modulating effect of resilience between interpersonal justice and job satisfaction, the influence of the former is reduced as the self-perception of resilience. This indicates that the positive effects of justice are reduced as workers' self-perception of resilience increases.

Consumer discrimination in service recovery situations

PurposeDiscrimination in the marketplace has recently received increasing attention in marketing discussions, especially related to service encounters. This research explores the effect of receiving lower (vs higher) financial compensation than someone perceived to be from an upper social class (vs lower) on consumer reactions after a service recovery situation.Design/methodology/approachTwo experimental studies with two different populations.FindingsIndividuals who receive less compensation than someone from a higher socioeconomic status tend to attribute differential treatment to discrimination. Both individuals who received less and who received higher compensation are willing to engage in negative word of mouth, however, only consumers who were discriminated against want to take revenge on the company.Originality/valuePrevious literature indicates that consumers' reactions after service problems are mediated by justice perceptions. This research offers a new perspective of social comparison in service recovery situations by considering the role of discrimination perceptions.

Centering race in procedural justice theory: Structural racism and the under- and overpolicing of Black communities.

We assessed the factors that legitimized the police in the United States at an important moment of history, just after the police killing of George Floyd in 2020. We also evaluated one way of incorporating perceptions of systemic racism into procedural justice theory. We tested two primary hypotheses. The first hypothesis was that perceptions of police procedural justice, distributive justice, and bounded authority were important to the legitimization of the police. The second hypothesis was that perceptions of the under- and overpolicing of Black communities also mattered to the delegitimization of the institution, especially for people who identified with the Black Lives Matter movement. A cross-sectional quota sample survey of 1,500 U.S. residents was conducted in June 2020. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and latent moderated structural equation modeling. People who viewed the police as legitimate also tended to believe that police treated people with respect and dignity, made decisions in unbiased ways, fairly allocated their finite resources across groups in society, and respected the limits of their rightful authority. Moreover, people who believed that Black communities were underpoliced and overpoliced also tended to question the legitimacy of the police, especially if they identified with the Black Lives Matter movement. These results held among Black and White study participants alike. At the time of the study, systemic racism in policing may have delegitimized the institution in a way that transcended the factors that procedural justice theory focuses on, such as procedural justice. This was especially so for individuals who identified with a social movement, Black Lives Matter, that had an extremely high profile in 2020. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).