Perceptions Of Journalists Research Articles

Persepsi Wartawan di Kota Surakarta Mengenai Urgensi Media Baru Bagi Praktik Jurnalisme Kontemporer

The existence of new media, especially the internet and social media, has a broad impact on the life of the human civilization, including the world of the mass media industry. The internet and social media are seen as having significant urgency because their influences on contemporary journalism practices in terms of perception, agenda setting, agenda framing, reporting practices, production and news publication. This study examines the perception of journalists in Surakarta City regarding the urgency of the internet and social media for contemporary journalism practices. This research used a qualitative method in which data were collected through interviews and documentation. The results found that (1) new media as something inevitable for the world of the press; (2) new media as modern technology has a positive impact on the world of the press; (3) new media as modern technology has a negative impact on the world of the press.

Journalists' Perceptions towards Employing Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Jordan TV's Newsrooms

The study aimed to reveal the perceptions of journalists towards employing artificial intelligence techniques in Jordan TV's Newsrooms. The study sample consisted of journalists working in Jordan TV's Newsrooms. The field study was applied to a simple random sample of (106) through the questionnaire tool. The study used the descriptive exploratory approach. The study concluded that there is a clear effect of employing artificial intelligence techniques according to the perceptions of journalists in the newsrooms of Jordan Television, and the presence of differences between the responses of the respondents of the journalists in the reasons why the newsrooms of the Jordanian television are not ready to employ artificial intelligence techniques. In addition to the above, the study indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the other reasons for the lack of readiness, where the values of X2 (Chi-squared) were not a significant. However, journalists in the newsrooms of Jordan Television possessed various skills, including: using social networks for research, publishing news stories, and automated content production programs. Finally, there were no statistically significant differences between journalists in digital media skills, and the X2 values were not significant at the significance level (0.05), with the exception of info graphic production skills.

“Disastrous to Take a Single Note”: Memory and Materiality in a Century of U.S. Journalism Textbooks

ABSTRACT In this paper, I examine the highly contested professional discourse around journalistic notetaking through 125 years of U.S. reporting textbooks, exploring how professional practices have been presented, rationalized, and justified in succeeding eras of modern journalism. Analyzing through a cultural lens and material theories of “objects of journalism,” the study offers insight into developing perceptions of journalists’ ethical obligations to accuracy, presumed audience expectations for journalistic content, and the capacities of human memory. Analysis suggests that rather than resolving questions of whether and how journalists should take notes, reporting textbooks offered ambivalent, unrealistic, and contradictory advice through much of the twentieth century.

Visuals’ function in health risk reporting: juxtaposing the academic conceptualisations with journalistic perceptions

Given the scholarly neglect of visuals in health risk reporting, it remains unclear what types of visuals predominate in news coverage and why journalists choose to use them. Generating knowledge on this neglected part of journalistic work should facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of health risk reporting and its impact on society. In 2020 we conducted two studies with this goal in mind: a content analysis of visuals in the coverage of a recent E. coli outbreak in Germany (N = 200) and a survey of German health journalists (N = 49). Study 1 showed that visuals were mostly used to illustrate the presumed causes of the outbreak and recommended treatments. Study 2 presented visuals epitomising each of the frame functions identified in Study 1 to health reporters and asked for their views. Our findings revealed that journalists preferred images that involve health severity, medical aspects, and reassurance, but said that they disliked thematic and uncertainty frames. They reported using multiple visuals to fulfil several framing functions. Finally, Study 2 exposed important differences between journalists’ perceptions of visuals’ functions and the way scholars typically conceive them. Taken together, these studies suggest that health risk reporting may be better than its reputation, and that incorporating visuals into assessments of journalistic quality may challenge the typical criticism in a way impossible when merely evaluating the verbal component of news.

Supporting Human Dignity in a Collapsing Field: Gestalt Approach in the Social and Political Contexts

Supporting Human Dignity in a Collapsing Field: Gestalt Approach in the Social and Political Contexts

Perceptions of Television Journalists on the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

COVID-19 is not the first outbreak to spread around the world. This flu disease, named by WHO as Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Ironically, several studies on COVID-19 show that this virus is genetically engineered and is not the leading cause of death for the majority of COVID-19 patients. The COVID-19 pandemic has also triggered fear and panic in the community. This study aims to determine the perception of television journalists during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This research was conducted in two Indonesian television media, namely iNews TV and Metro TV. This research used a qualitative case study methodology with a subjective paradigm. The research results showed that television journalists perceive the COVID-19 Pandemic as a real ongoing situation. Their perceptions are formed based on scientific knowledge, empirical experience, attention, and current information. The panic and fear of television journalists at the beginning of the pandemic occurred due to changes in interaction patterns and the adaptation process.

Media perception and trust among disaster survivors: Tsunami survivors' interaction with journalists, media exposure, and associations with trust in media and authorities.

A critical part of disaster communication is media coverage in the interface of the afflicted, media, and authorities. One communication key is building trust. Disaster survivors encounter journalists in a high-stress context, but little is known about their perceptions of these interactions and the subsequent media exposure. The aim of this study is to explore how survivors 6 years after a major disaster perceived their encounters with journalists and exposure in the media, as well as their level of trust in the media, compared with government and authorities. Data were used from a longitudinal study of Swedish tourists, repatriated from the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, surveyed up to 6 years after the tsunami to assess posttraumatic stress (PTS) and effects on mental health. At 6 years after, the survey included questions about survivors' perceptions of journalist interactions (reported by n = 311), of their own media exposure (n = 177), and survivors' trust in media organizations and public authorities (n = 1,181). Tsunami survivors mainly perceived interactions with journalists as being professional. There were 14% who reported that the interactions were supportive and 17% that the interactions were a strain. Similarly, most participants had a neutral view concerning the subsequent media coverage or exposure, although 12% experienced media exposure as stressful and 12% reported that it had been involuntary. Finally, the survivors indicated higher confidence and trust in Swedish radio and TV as compared to the Swedish authorities, and the participants' level of trust in the media was associated with their perceptions of journalists, r = 0.34, p < 0.001, and media coverage, r = 0.47, p < 0.001. Disaster survivors mainly agreed with emotionally neutral statements about interacting with the media, the performance of journalists on site, and their own media exposure. Nonetheless, a substantial minority found the encounters and exposure to be negative, and the results suggest a link between personal experiences or perceptions and trust in the media.

Responding to “Fake News”: Journalistic Perceptions of and Reactions to a Delegitimising Force

The “fake news” phenomenon has permeated academic scholarship and popular debate since the 2016 US presidential election. Much has been written on the circulation of “fake news” and other forms of mis- and disinformation online. Despite its ongoing proliferation, less effort has been made to better understand the work of those engaged in daily news production—journalists themselves. Funded by the Australian Research Council project Journalism Beyond the Crisis, this study investigates how journalists perceive and respond to this phenomenon at a time when the industry has come under significant attack, and trust in news media has fallen globally. To do so, it draws on in-depth interviews with journalists in Australia and the UK, providing topical insights on their perceptions of and reactions to this profoundly delegitimising force. While on one hand, our findings show journalists expressing significant concern about the rise of “fake news,” they also proactively seek—and, in some cases, implement—deliberate counterstrategies to defend their profession. These strategies range from discursive means—such as stressing and re-asserting journalists’ professional authority and legitimacy—to tangible measures at an organisational level, including newsroom diversity and increased transparency in the news production process.

Addressing the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Journalism: the perception of experts, journalists and academics

Over the last decade, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become gradually more prevalent in mass media and news agency newsrooms. This growing tendency has prompted intense debate about the negative impact on journalism, particularly on quality standards and ethical principles. Taking an explorative approach, this study aims to analyse the application of AI in newsrooms, focusing on the impact on news-making processes, media routines and profiles, highlighting the benefits and shortcomings, and finally, analysing the rise of ethical dilemmas. For this purpose, 15 in-depth interviews were conducted in two rounds, in 2019 and 2021, with a sample of journalists and other media professionals, academics, experts on the media industry, and providers of technology leading the work on AI. The international sample includes interviewees from the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and Spain. The interviewees agree that AI will enhance journalists’ capabilities by saving time, augmenting the efficiency of the news-making processes and, therefore, increasing mass media industry productivity. However, a change of mind-set in the media environment is needed, and training on the use of these tools must be a priority given the lack of knowledge observed. Finally, the emergence of ethical issues underlines the need for continuous control and supervision of the processes undertaken by AI.

Self-reflections of Journalists on Censorship and Pressure in the Media they Leave

The text presents results of research on how journalists tell about censorship and pres-sure on their work in the media. A number of studies point to major problems such as corporate pressure on journalists in private media; tabooization of certain topics by public and state-owned media, but also distortion of the information picture due to commercial interests. One very specific biographical moment, i.e. the quitting, dismis-sal or discharge of journalists from the media, has been chosen as a focus of the study of journalistic perceptions of limitations on the professional field. The study answers the questions: When do journalists think they were free in the media? How do they describe their perceptions of freedom of expression? How do they construct their personal narratives in media interviews in the period after quitting or being banished from the media?

Effects of Exposure to Conflicting Information About Mammography on Cancer Information Overload, Perceived Scientists’ Credibility, and Perceived Journalists’ Credibility

ABSTRACT Conflicting recommendations about mammography screening have received ample media coverage, emphasizing scientists’ debate over the value of breast cancer screening and differences in professional organizations’ guidelines about the appropriate starting age and frequency of routine mammograms. Whereas past research suggests that exposure to such media coverage of conflicting recommendations can have undesirable consequences, both on topic-specific (e.g., ambivalence about mammography) and more general outcomes (e.g., backlash toward cancer prevention recommendations), experimental evidence, especially for effects on more general health cognitions, is limited. Using data from a population-based sample of U.S. women aged 35–55 years (N = 1467), the current study experimentally tested whether exposure to news stories that varied in the level of conflict about mammography (no, low, medium, and high conflict) affected three general health cognitions—cancer information overload (CIO), perceived scientists’ credibility, and perceived journalists’ credibility. We further tested whether these effects varied by research literacy. Results showed that exposure to conflict increased women’s perceived CIO and reduced their perceptions of journalists’ credibility, and that these effects tapered off at higher levels of conflict. Exposure to conflict also reduced perceptions of scientists’ credibility, but only among participants with lower levels of research literacy. Directions for future research and implications for mitigating these potentially adverse effects on public health are discussed.

Australian regional journalists’ role perceptions at a time of upheaval

Almost 200 journalism outlets closed, decreased their service, ended print editions, or merged with other newsrooms between January 2019 and Februrary 2021, accelerated by the COVID-19 crisis. Regional news outlets were among the hardest hit, intensifying calls for effective government policy and industry interventions to bolster the sector. Although there is a well-established tradition of local and regional journalistic role performance scholarship, few studies in an Australian context have taken a multiplatform approach, investigating the perceptions of TV, radio, online news, and print journalists. To help address this gap, this paper draws on survey data of 307 regional Australian journalists and 31 in-depth interviews. Our analysis reveals differences in the way regional reporters understand and narrate their roles, highlighting important distinctions between media platforms that need to be considered in contemporary debates about the sustainability of Australian regional journalism.

Gender byline bias in sports reporting: Examining the visibility and audience perception of male and female journalists in sports coverage

Gender-based marginalization and discrimination in sports journalism is an ongoing concern of research addressing gender equality in journalism. The visibility of female reporters as authors in terms of sports coverage has been found to be under 10% in content analysis that spans several countries. Research into audiences’ perceptions of authorship in sports journalism further found female authors to be prone to byline biases—even though findings are mixed. In this article, we set out to examine if the under representation of female sport authors has changed over the time span of 15 years. This is explored by conducting a content analysis of news coverage from 2006 to 2020 (Study 1). Further, we study whether biases against female authors in sports coverage (still) exist among recipients and in how far this is different for male and female sports. To address audience perceptions of gender in sport reporting, we performed an online experiment investigating the effect of female and male authorship as well as men’s and women’s football (soccer) as one of the most popular topic of sport reporting (Study 2). We found that female authorship in sports journalism is still marginalized without any significant improvement observed from 2006 to 2020 (Study 1). This contrasts with our findings on audiences’ perceptions of male and female authors, which did not confirm a gender byline bias (Study 2). Our results therefore suggest that gender discrimination in newsrooms cannot be justified by audience perceptions.

Attitudes and Perceptions of Media Towards Hand Ball Sport in the Case of Ethiopian Handball Premier League

This paper has examined the attitudes and perceptions of sport journalists in covering handball primer league sports that have received very little or no attention in academic studies in Ethiopia. Qualitative cross-sectional design was applied, both available and purposive sampling for data collection. Samples taken for this study were all managers n=10, coaches n= 10, Ethiopian handball federation experts n=7, Sport journals n=7, Total participants N=34, both primary and secondary data sources were used, document analysis secondary data, semi structured interviews and focus group discussion (FGD). Qualitative data were analyzed by the researcher based on research questions. Data was tape recorded and fully transcribed by verbatim. Transcripts were coded, categorized and analyzed using thematic analysis based on the research questions. Quantitative analysis of Descriptive statistics with SPSS version 20 was used for participants’ bio data. According to the semi structured interview results sport journalists tend to write stories, which were exposed to incline on the athletics and football sport, the group response shows that lack of cooperation, continuous pressure and relationship with handball federation and sport’s Medias, handball experts, officials and government made in depth reporting difficult for TV sports journalists. And the document analysis result depicts that even though the hand ball federation has smart national sport policy for handball premier league clubs and projects through the country there is serious limitations in terms of practice and Government and stalk holders have to fulfill adequate and quality sport facilities for EHBP sport clubs expansion.

Framing Migration in Southern European Media: Perceptions of Spanish, Italian, and Greek Specialized Journalists

ABSTRACT Greece, Italy, and Spain are the Southern European borders and the main entrances for migrants and refugees to Europe, a movement that was particularly visible after the 2015 “refugee crisis of the Mediterranean.” In this context, immigration is used as a political tool, and the object of major media coverage. However, previous studies have shown that this coverage tends to be partial and prejudiced. This study, conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, uses the frame building theory to study the perceptions of journalists covering migration issues regarding ways to improve the representation of migrants in the media of these three countries. For that, in-depth interviews were conducted with 94 Greek, Italian, and Spanish journalists. The precarity of the profession, the focus on conflictive approaches, and discrimination based on national origin or religion are mentioned as the biggest challenges. Professionals covering this information demand more individualized and deeper coverage, giving the migrants’ condition greater visibility, and giving voice to the migrants themselves, as they are the protagonists of the stories. Greater attention to journalistic ethics and the defense of vulnerable groups is considered essential to achieve this.

Examining Diaspora Journalists’ Digital Networks and Role Perceptions: A Case Study of Syrian Post-Conflict Advocacy Journalism

ABSTRACT Using digital ethnography and in-depth interviews, this study offers a comprehensive understanding of how diaspora journalists maintain connections with their conflict-torn homeland and advocate for transnational human rights and political reforms after fleeing its repressive political sphere. To this end, the paper examines how Syrian diaspora journalists engage in transnational advocacy practices through building digital networks that blur boundaries between journalism, activism, human rights advocacy, social movements, and civil society work. The paper further investigates how these advocacy practices shape the diaspora journalists’ perceptions of their roles as well as their understanding of the different political, economic, procedural, organizational, and professional factors that influence how they perform them. Findings demonstrate that diaspora advocacy journalism poses various challenges to traditional journalism paradigms as journalists’ roles go beyond news gathering and publishing to include petitioning, creating transnational solidarity, collaborating with civil society organizations, and carrying out various institutional work. In so doing, the paper rethinks hybridity in journalistic role perceptions proposing two unique approaches for serving democracy from exile. A novel definition of diaspora advocacy journalism and comprehensive discussion of the various sources of influence on news reporting and advocacy networking in the unique transnational conflict context are further proposed.

English on air: Novel anglicisms in German radio language

AbstractTraditional research on anglicisms has been undertaken in different media corpora. However, the media, both agents of globalisation and affected by globalising flows, and how they operate within global flows of messages and linguistic resources that characterise our mediatised societies have not been given sufficient attention in these studies. In addition, the German media have been repeatedly criticised for using anglicisms without explaining these, causing comprehension problems. By examining novel anglicisms on German radio from a journalistic perspective, this article shows that acknowledging journalists’ language practices gives a more detailed picture of the specific language used on air. This article includes an analysis of novel anglicisms in a self-compiled radio corpus and an examination of interview statements made by radio journalists on their use of novel anglicisms in radio content. The findings show that the claim made by previous research is rather oversimplified. Instead, a complex web of normative forces that shape how novel anglicisms are made comprehensible on radio is revealed, which includes the constraints of the medium, stylistic and journalistic genre conventions, the target audience, and the language perceptions of journalists.

Data Journalism and Ethics: Best Practices in the Winning Projects (DJA, OJA and Sigma Awards)

ABSTRACT Data journalism is a consolidated specialization in the newsrooms of many of the world's media outlets. Despite this, little research has been conducted on the ethical principles followed in this field of journalism. Data journalism uses different types of software to find its stories by statistically analyzing large datasets. Our research examines the winning projects of the Data Journalism Awards, Sigma Awards, and Online Journalism Awards, the last in the data journalism category, between 2012 and 2020. Using qualitative content analysis, we analyzed these projects from a three-fold ethical perspective: verification and data analysis, transparency, and privacy. Our main findings show that the winning projects complied with verification and data analysis, which is a standard practice to cross-check data from various sources and contextualize them adequately. In contrast, transparency and privacy principles were followed to a lesser extent. In light of these results, we propose that future research should focus on the perceptions of data journalists and users regarding the ethical standards that these projects meet.

Usability of transparency portals: Examination of perceptions of journalists as information seekers

AbstractTransparency in public institutions is relevant only in so far as the disclosed information is useful for the stakeholders who access it. Hence, we ask: what do users do with the information they obtain through transparency laws? Despite the growing interest in transparency research, the ways transparency portals are used to gather information remain strikingly understudied. We study the use of proactively and reactively disclosed information under four different transparency laws. Data are collected in the Republic of Ireland through a survey of what is generally considered to be the main category of users, benefiters, and guardians of transparency, namely journalists. This is one of the first surveys of the media's use of resources intended to ensure greater transparency in politics and offers a standard approach to the study of open government as a means to improve democratic governance.

The Ethical Issues of Television Journalists’ Endorsement Activities on Instagram

Nowadays, endorsement or paid promotion activities on Instagram are not only done by celebrities but also by people from other profession with many followers such as television journalist. The journalists who play an important role as the fourth pillar of a democratic nation are immersed in digital euphoria by participating in endorsement activities. This certainly leaves ethical problems, based on the Indonesian Journalist Code of Ethics, journalists must be independent and prohibited to misuse their profession to benefit certain parties. Therefore, this research was conducted to study this phenomenon, especially in understanding the attitudes and perceptions of journalists towards their endorsement or paid promotion activities. This research was conducted using a descriptive-qualitative approach with semi-structured in-depth interview. Five informants, journalists form several television stations in Indonesia (SCTV, TV One and Kompas TV), were interviewed. The results showed that the journalist’s motives in doing the endorsement are to help small businesses and to get financial benefits. Four informants believed that the endorsement activities did not violate the Journalist Code of Ethics as long as they only talk about the facts and do not spread mislead information, while, the other one argued it certainly did. Their perceptions were influenced by their membership of professional association and ownership of professional certification. The informant who agreed that the endorsement activities are not in accordance with the code of ethics, has a membership of Indonesian Television Journalists Association (Ikatan Jurnalis Televisi Indonesia) and also has a professional certification as primary journalist, while the other informants do not have.