Perceptions Of Governance Research Articles

Populist Attitudes and Threat Perceptions of Global Transformations and Governance: Experimental Evidence from India and the United Kingdom

Contemporary global crises and transformations—including climate change, migration, digitalization, pandemics, financial and economic integration, and terrorism—increasingly determine democratic politics and policymaking. We examine how populist attitudes are associated with perceptions of the threats posed by these six global crises and transformations. Using original survey data in India and the United Kingdom alongside secondary data in the United Kingdom, we robustly show that stronger populist attitudes are positively associated with the perception of threat posed by all six crises and transformations—particularly to the economy and national way of life, but also, of theoretical note, to humanitarian concerns. Furthermore, experimentally priming populist individuals on global governance solutions to each transformation has no effect on their perception of threat, suggesting that such threat perceptions are not driven by political concerns but by the societal crises and transformations themselves. Overall, our findings theoretically support the ideational conceptualization of populism as a thin ideology, distinct from nationalism or left‐right attitudes, which acts as a broad, if thin, political psychological predisposition. Substantially, we cautiously argue that our findings may give cause for optimism about the potential to rally popular support for global governance solutions to global challenges.

Increasing domestic financing for the HIV/AIDS response in Nigeria: a catalyst to self-reliance

BackgroundAlthough Nigeria has the second largest HIV-positive population in the world, the country relies mostly on external donors for its HIV control. International donors account for over 81% of Nigeria's HIV spending, which is unsustainable and creates funding gaps that can be closed by identifying alternative domestic financing sources. The Health Policy Plus Project (implemented by Palladium), funded by the US Agency for International Development, supported the Nigerian government between July, 2020, and June, 2021, to assess challenges to HIV financing and to collaboratively identify feasible strategies to raise domestic resources for HIV control. MethodsA two-pronged approach that included desk reviews of relevant literature and key interviews with fourteen major stakeholders from government, donor, private, partner, and civil society organisations was adopted. Stakeholders were selected on the basis of their knowledge and involvement in the country's HIV response or their history of supporting health-system strengthening activities. The multisectoral approach helped to identify robust and feasible strategies that can easily be implemented across the 36 states and the federal capital territory in the country. FindingsChallenges to HIV financing include inadequate budgetary allocation, mostly caused by government perception of the HIV programme as the responsibility of donors; delays in fund releases; inefficient use of the HIV funds; poor tracking of funds and commodity use; inadequate country ownership; and poor accountability structures. With these findings, through a collaborative and multisectoral process, 12 strategies that can mobilise up to US$ 662 million in 5 years for HIV control were identified and included in a National Domestic Resource Mobilisation Strategy, which has been adopted for implementation across the country. The strategies included increasing government budgets and execution rates for HIV control; integration of HIV into health insurance; increasing private sector and philanthropic contributions to HIV control; raising funds from diaspora bonds, local HIV commodity production; strengthening governance, efficiency, and accountability structures, and increasing Civil Society Organisations' involvement in HIV resource mobilisation and tracking. InterpretationOverdependence on donors for disease control programmes, especially in low-income countries, is a global health problem. A multisectoral approach can be adopted by global health stakeholders to review and select appropriate and effective domestic resource mobilisation strategies with reduced contextual barriers, such as HIV integration in key universal health coverage programmes, enhancing private sector contribution, and strengthening efficiency for implementation as a global policy to mobilise health resources. Implementation of the strategies will reduce dependence on donor funds, reduce out-of-pocket payments for HIV, improve access to HIV services, and subsequently lead to improved HIV outcomes. FundingUS Agency for International Development.

When the Government Comes to the Neighbourhood: Everyday Regulations and Syrian Refugees’ Encounters with Local State Authorities

Abstract How do refugees perceive the regulations of government officials in their neighbourhoods? To answer this question, I introduce the concept of everyday regulations and define it as all practices, formal and informal, implemented by local authorities to manage, organise, and control refugees’ daily lives within neighbourhood spaces. I support my concept with an empirical analysis based on 40 semi-structured interviews with Syrian shop owners and shop workers in Bursa, Turkey, conducted in September and October 2019. I analyse perceptions related to two types of everyday regulations: (1) Syrian shop visits by the municipal police (Zabıta) and (2) handouts distributed in the neighbourhood by the provincial directorate of security (Emniyet Müdürlüğü). My findings reveal that Syrian shop owners perceive everyday regulations as both discriminatory and acceptable. Those with discriminatory perceptions assess these regulations in terms of exclusionary treatment by local authorities, while those whose perceptions label encounters with government officials as acceptable associate these interactions with learning Turkey’s customs and laws. By detailing the differences in refugees’ perceptions of local refugee governance, this study unveils potential explanations for why some local refugee policies are perceived better than others.

Public health guideline compliance and perceived government effectiveness during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada: Findings from a longitudinal cohort study

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has imposed enormous adversity worldwide. Public health guidelines have been a first line of defense but rely on compliance with evolving recommendations and restrictions. This study sought to characterize adherence to and perceptions of public health guidelines over a one-year timeframe during the pandemic.MethodsParticipants were 1435 community adults in Ontario who completed assessments at five time points (April 2020, July 2020, October 2020, January 2021, and April 2021; 92% retention). Participants were assessed for self-reported adherence to government protocols and perceptions of government response (importance, compliance, and effectiveness). Analyses used general linear mixed-effects modelling of overall changes by time and examined differences based on age and sex.FindingsOver time, participants reported high or increasing behavioural engagement in public health guidelines, including physical distancing, restricting activity, and masking. In contrast, participants exhibited significant reductions in perceived importance and compliance, with evidence of more negative changes in younger participants. The largest changes were a substantial reduction in perceived government effectiveness, from predominantly positive perceptions to predominantly negative perceptions.InterpretationThese results illuminate evolving trends in public health compliance and perceptions over the course of the pandemic in Canada, revealing the malleability of public perceptions of public health recommendations and government effectiveness.FundingThis research was funded by a grant from the 10.13039/501100000024Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). CIHR had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation, or writing of the report.

PEOPLE's PERCEPTIONS OF POWER IN ANCIENT RUSSIA IN THE REFLECTION OF BYLINY

Power is usually interpreted as the ability to impose one's will on others unconditionally, even against their resistance. This interpretation, which goes back to M. Weber, has a timeless character and allows us to assess the role of power in social practice in any territory. However, the perceptions of power preserved in byliny show that the relations connected with it have many nuances connected with the rights, powers and competence of an individual in the hierarchical structure of Old Russian society. The peculiarity of byliny as a source is that they do not duplicate the chronicle information, but significantly supplement them, which allows a new look at some elements of social practice. This article examines the bylinic perception of governance and subordination as the basis of power relations, as well as related problems: status distribution, functions and powers, ritual conditionality of granting a place in society, the influence of these perceptions on the formation of social myths.

Older adults' perceptions of government handling of COVID-19: Predictors of protective behaviors from lockdown to post-lockdown.

BackgroundDistrust, and more broadly, public perception of government’s handling of a crisis, has been a widely studied topic within health crisis research and suggests that these perceptions are significantly associated with the behavior of its citizens.PurposeTo understand which aspects of the public’s perception of government handling of the COVID-19 pandemic predicted engagement of protective behaviors among older adults, who are the most vulnerable to COVID-19.MethodsParticipants were recruited from an ongoing biopsychosocial study on aging amongst community-dwelling older adults. There were two rounds of data collection, during the national lockdown and post-lockdown. The average length of follow-up was 5.88 months. N = 421 completed the first round of data collection and N = 318 subsequently completed the second round of questionnaires.ResultsDuring the lockdown, perceptions that pandemic-related measures in place were sufficient, effective, timely, provided a sense of safety, important information was easily accessible, and government handling of the pandemic could be trusted, were found to significantly predict engagement in protective behaviors. During post-lockdown, only perceptions that measures in place were sufficient, provided a sense of safety, and important information was easily accessible, remained significant predictors. The perception that COVID-19 measures were clear and easy to understand now became a significant predictor.ConclusionsPublic perceptions of government handling of the pandemic predicted engagement in protective behaviors but were less important during post-lockdown. To effectively engage older adults in protective behavior, our findings suggest for pandemic-related information to be accessible, introducing timely safety measures, and having easy-to-understand instructions for nuanced measures.

Issues and facts on nuclear disaster

Concerns and fears about nuclear, both those originating from public and government perceptions, are examined in this paper. The NPP (NPP or PLTN) is a new energy in Indonesia; therefore, rejection is bound to happen. An overview of the work of NPP and the development of the latest fourth-generation nuclear reactor technology shows high security and safety features. A balanced and scientific study is carried out on issues that arise from the general public’s perception of NPPs, related to accident issues, radiation issues, waste issues, and social issues. Social issues related to nuclear issues are sunset technology and the NIMBY (not in my backyard) syndrome. There is no reason for people to be afraid of nuclear. The measurement of public acceptance is carried out by analyzing data from various countries, supported by the results of a questionnaire in Indonesia, showing that there is always resistance to NPPs Indonesian are ready to accept NPPs because more than 60% agree with NPPs.

What drives the perceived legitimacy of collaborative governance? An experimental study

ABSTRACT This study explores the perceived legitimacy of collaborative governance from a citizens’ perspective. We use a preregistered online survey experiment to test the effect of three factors – representation, performance information, and issue complexity – on the perceived legitimacy of a collaboration. Findings show that representation and positive performance information influence citizens’ perceptions of collaborative governance legitimacy, while issue complexity has little impact. Additionally, heterogeneous treatment effects were found: respondents with low trust in public organizations factor representation more into their legitimacy perceptions of collaborative governance, while those with high trust in public organizations show little influence of representation.

The Silent Pandemic: Increased Initimate Partner Violence in Nigeria

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) has been identified as a global public health problem of human rights concern. It is a global issue with far reaching consequences for the physical, reproductive, and mental health of women, regardless of social, economic, religious or cultural group. Most of the times, IPV is usually perpetrated by a husband or an intimate male partner of a woman or girl and this is often due to the emotional attachment with or economic dependency of the women on the perpetrators of violence. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown measure, although effective in reducing the disease spread has led to unintended negative consequences. The social, economic and financial distress experienced during the COVID-19 lockdown period has increased the prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence. The financial difficulty associated with the lock-down period has been known to precipitate stress and frustration, and subsequent negative coping mechanisms such as substance abuse and depression; all of which are baseline triggers for intimate partner violence. This has been labelled the silent pandemic. This article examines the rise in incidences of Intimate Partner violence in Nigeria during the COVID-19 Pandemic and contends that Individual Risk Factors, Financial Dependence on the Abuser, Poor Implementation of the rights of women, Cultural Perception of Women, Poor Governance and Resource Management, Lack of Adequate Social Welfare Palliative Schemes, in addition to the complications arising from dealing with COVID-19 pandemic are major factors that have resulted in the surge of Intimate Partner Violence in Nigeria. This work underscores recommendations to curb Intimate Partner violence in Nigeria during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, and ensure better realization of the rights and welfare of women and girls such as Legal Framework Reform, Socio Economic Empowerment of Women and girls, Community Mobilization and Behaviour Change Communication, Awareness Creation, and establishment of Sexual Assault Referral and Counselling Centres.

Optimization of the Role of Social Worker Service Units in Legal Protection Effort against Children in Contact with the Law

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) has been identified as a global public health problem of human rights concern. It is a global issue with far reaching consequences for the physical, reproductive, and mental health of women, regardless of social, economic, religious or cultural group. Most of the times, IPV is usually perpetrated by a husband or an intimate male partner of a woman or girl and this is often due to the emotional attachment with or economic dependency of the women on the perpetrators of violence. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown measure, although effective in reducing the disease spread has led to unintended negative consequences. The social, economic and financial distress experienced during the COVID-19 lockdown period has increased the prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence. The financial difficulty associated with the lock-down period has been known to precipitate stress and frustration, and subsequent negative coping mechanisms such as substance abuse and depression; all of which are baseline triggers for intimate partner violence. This has been labelled the silent pandemic. This article examines the rise in incidences of Intimate Partner violence in Nigeria during the COVID-19 Pandemic and contends that Individual Risk Factors, Financial Dependence on the Abuser, Poor Implementation of the rights of women, Cultural Perception of Women, Poor Governance and Resource Management, Lack of Adequate Social Welfare Palliative Schemes, in addition to the complications arising from dealing with COVID-19 pandemic are major factors that have resulted in the surge of Intimate Partner Violence in Nigeria. This work underscores recommendations to curb Intimate Partner violence in Nigeria during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, and ensure better realization of the rights and welfare of women and girls such as Legal Framework Reform, Socio Economic Empowerment of Women and girls, Community Mobilization and Behaviour Change Communication, Awareness Creation, and establishment of Sexual Assault Referral and Counselling Centres.

Factors affecting citizen satisfaction: examining from the perspective of the expectancy disconfirmation theory and individual differences

ABSTRACT The vast majority of studies that have investigated whether the formation of citizen satisfaction is dependent upon factors other than the objective quality of policies have been conducted in the United Kingdom or United States. From a psychological perspective, citizen satisfaction may be influenced by a discrepancy between prior expectation and perceived performance, as suggested by the expectancy disconfirmation model (EDM). In this study, the EDM was assessed at the local government level by analysing data from a local government satisfaction survey conducted in Taiwan. The results indicated that both empirical and normative disconfirmation (between the expectation and the perceived level of performance) affect citizen satisfaction in three policy domains: public safety, transportation, and environmental cleanliness. These results underscore the need for local government officials to manage citizen satisfaction in accordance with citizen expectations. Understanding and managing citizen expectations may help address citizen dissatisfaction and improve the overall public perception of government.

What made the Mais Médicos (More Doctors) Program possible?

The article analyzes which were the actors who participated in the insertion in the governmental agenda of the issue of insufficiencies in the supply and training of medical doctors for the SUS and the adoption of the Mais Médicos Program (PMM) as a solution. Documental and bibliographic analysis and semi-structured interviews were carried out in the methodological perspective of process tracing. Theoretical resources from studies on political processes and from the theories of gradual institutional change and multiple streams were used. Outstanding results were the identification of factors related to the entry of the issue on the agenda, such as the aggravation of the issue, increase in its public perception and change of government. It was found that the action of the President and policy entrepreneurs was decisive for the process of formulating the PMM based on historical legacies of previous policies. We challenge studies that regard the PMM as a hastily formulated solution to an old problem to respond the street demonstrations known as "June Journeys". The inauguration of municipal governments, in 2013, and the electoral calendar were also important factors and taken into account in the strategic action of the actors who led the formulation of the PMM, with strong opposition from medical entities.

A RESEARCH ON THE EFFECT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ON COMMITMENT TO ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE

The aim of this research is to determine the effects of corporate governance perceptions of teachers working in primary education institutions on their organizational commitment. The questionnaire form prepared in accordance with the purpose was applied to 152 teachers working in Beykoz district of Istanbul province who accepted the questionnaire application. The survey results were analyzed in a computer environment using the SPSS 17.0 statistical package program. Frequency and percentage statistics were used to determine the descriptive characteristics of the teachers participating in the study, and mean and standard deviation statistics were used to determine corporate governance perceptions and organizational commitment levels. The relationships between teachers' perceptions of corporate governance and organizational commitment levels were examined by correlation analysis, and the dec of teachers' organizational commitment levels being affected by corporate governance perceptions was examined by regression analysis. As a result of the research, it was determined that teachers have a high level of corporate governance perception and organizational commitment, attendance and emotional commitment levels are not affected by corporate governance perceptions, and normative commitment levels are positively affected. As teachers' perceptions of corporate governance increase, their level of normative commitment also increases.

COVID-19 positivism: Has COVID-19 changed Hungarian entrepreneurs’ perception of business opportunities?

The study discusses the reasons why entrepreneurs in the semi-peripheral country of Hungary see a positive and new opportunity in COVID-19. The study is about the factors that determine entrepreneurs’ ideas about starting a new business as a result of a pandemic. In our study, the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) method is applied to a nationally representative sample, the data of which were provided by the data of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) international survey on Hungary. Our results show that the willingness of small and medium-sized enterprises in Hungary to start a business was not significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This is because positive perception can be traced back to past influences, such as individual characteristics, positive perceptions of the majority society, and the respondents’ perception of the Hungarian government’s COVID-19 related measures.

O que fez com que o Programa Mais Médicos fosse possível?

Abstract The article analyzes which were the actors who participated in the insertion in the governmental agenda of the issue of insufficiencies in the supply and training of medical doctors for the SUS and the adoption of the Mais Médicos Program (PMM) as a solution. Documental and bibliographic analysis and semi-structured interviews were carried out in the methodological perspective of process tracing. Theoretical resources from studies on political processes and from the theories of gradual institutional change and multiple streams were used. Outstanding results were the identification of factors related to the entry of the issue on the agenda, such as the aggravation of the issue, increase in its public perception and change of government. It was found that the action of the President and policy entrepreneurs was decisive for the process of formulating the PMM based on historical legacies of previous policies. We challenge studies that regard the PMM as a hastily formulated solution to an old problem to respond the street demonstrations known as “June Journeys”. The inauguration of municipal governments, in 2013, and the electoral calendar were also important factors and taken into account in the strategic action of the actors who led the formulation of the PMM, with strong opposition from medical entities.

Electoral violence and voter apathy: Peace journalism and good governance in perspective

Throughout election seasons, threats, verbal bullying, hate speech, misinformation, physical attack, and imposed “protection” are all utilised to limit, postpone, or otherwise impact the electoral process, according to Fischer (2002). By examining the role of the media in the portrayal of electoral violence, this research highlighted the struggle for power and state resources in electoral contests. The paper looks at peace journalism as a key component of election coverage for defusing tensions and fostering good governance. Two hypotheses were tested, and no link was found between media reporting on electoral violence, media portrayals of electoral violence, and voters’ perception of good governance. The result demonstrates that the Nigerian media is fair in its coverage of electoral issues, including violence before, during, and after elections, in a balanced and responsible manner. It is all geared towards promoting good governance. The study indicates that journalists are primarily responsible for what readers learn about elections and electoral violence, and audience perception will be shaped by how journalists represent political players and their activities

The Social Perception of Government and its Effect on the Use of E-Government

The Social Perception of Government and its Effect on the Use of E-Government

The impact of corporate governance, capital structure, company size, and assets structure on financial performance: a study on the corporate governance perception index participants

The impact of corporate governance, capital structure, company size, and assets structure on financial performance: a study on the corporate governance perception index participants

Covid-19 Crisis Communication Management in Morocco: Investigating Male and Female Publics’ Perceptions and Assessments of Moroccan Public Authorities’ Crisis Response Strategies

The present research paper examines how Moroccan political public authorities’ communication strategies influence Moroccan male and female publics’ feedback, and the perception of government’s crisis response strategies in light of a new atmosphere, a new condition at the pandemic time of the coronavirus Covid-19. The data is collected from 132 Moroccan internet users via online survey. It was conducted between May and June, 2020, after the declaration of the state of emergency, the present study gathered concrete information and viewpoints regarding Moroccan male and female internet users’ feedback about political leaders’ communication strategies, trust in different sources and media channels, and perception of the Moroccan political leaders’ crisis communication management. The findings of the study have revealed that younger male and female publics, who got news from social media, had negative views of authority messages, and expressed more negative opinions of the government’s crisis response and communication strategies as weeks went by. Therefore, trust in public authorities’ decreased as the crisis evolves. Other age group, 60 years or older of the respondents get information about the crisis from institutional political sources and mainstream news media, which have been more aligned with authorities’ information at the start of the health crisis. In addition, women have used multiple media platforms, but they have less direct access to information than do men. While some progress has been made in women’s political use of information and news consumption during the outbreak on social media, on the overall, the participation of women in both feedback and news consumption is still very limited in Morocco.

Real Earnings Management, Firm Performance, and Corporate Governance Mechanism

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of real earnings management on firm performance and the impact of corporate governance as an intervening variable in the relationship between real earnings management and firm performance. The object are companies include in Corporate Governance Perception Index during 2015-2019 and listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and analyzed by using path analysis method. 
 Real earnings management has a significant effect on the firm performance. Furthermore, with corporate governance mechanism within the company, real earnings management significantly affect firm performance. This research is meaningful, but has limitations. The result cannot be generalizing because the sample only companies that listed in CGPI and IDX period 2015-2019. The research implication are as follows: top level management should be cautious about credit policy, cash flow from operation, discretionary expenditures, and production. 
 Earnings management is one of variable that the most prevalent in recent studies but the proxy for earnings management in the recent studies used discretionary accrual. In this research, real earnings management is used to indicate earnings management which measured by abnormal cash flow from operation. Thus, it may provide some contribution to the literature.