Perception Verbs Research Articles

Социальная сторона концепта ‘ЗРИТЕЛЬНОЕ ВОСПРИЯТИЕ’ в русской и польской языковых картинах мира (на материале глаголов зрительного восприятия)

The article discusses the social dimension of the concept of VISUAL PERCEPTION in Russian and Polish based on visual perception verbs. Similarities and discrepancies in creating the concept in both languages are indicated. The analysis takes into consideration the anthropocentric factor in forming the concept.

On the margins of perception - TO-clauses: a standard construction of perception verbs?

The main objective of this corpus-based study is to provide an account for the fact that, contrary to what some grammars postulate, TO-infinitive clauses can be – and are – used in the complementation of perception verbs in the active. The analysis seeks to answer the underlying question of whether the norms or usages mentioned in prescriptive or descriptive grammars influence the way speakers use such constructions (perception verb + NP + TO-infinitival), while confronting these norms and usages to evidence provided by attested examples. Three varieties of English – British, American and Canadian English – are thus compared so as to identify: how frequently TO-infinitivals occur as complements; which verbs take this type of complement; and in which variety and in which register they are frequently used. It is shown that the utterances provided by the corpora contradict the norms that are prescribed or described in grammars. The study puts forward a semantic explanation as to the (in)compatibility of perception verbs with TO-infinitivals, partly based on the types of these verbs. It also demonstrates that the sentences sometimes convey a meaning of sensory perception, even if an interpretation of mental judgement or inference – often mentioned in grammars – is more frequent.

Дивергенция в вербальном блоке словообразовательного гнезда перцептивного глагола нюхать

Дивергенция в вербальном блоке словообразовательного гнезда перцептивного глагола нюхать

Perception Verbs and Complement Type Selection

Perception Verbs and Complement Type Selection

ГЛАГОЛЫ ДВИЖЕНИЯ В ТАТАРСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

Verbs in the language are one of the most interesting and complex categories in both grammatical and lexical-semantic terms. Today in the Tatar language they are divided into semantic groups: verbs of movement, action, process, state, attitude, behavior, sound, speech, thinking, sensory perception and image-imitation. But none of these categories has been the object of a separate study, while each requires one. Verb forms in general and verbs of movement in particular deserve special attention in terms of information they contain. It’s for the first time that the study considers the verbs of movement in the Tatar language.

Implications of Intensional Perceptual Ascriptions for Relationalism, Disjunctivism, and Representationalism About Perceptual Experience

This paper aims to shed new light on certain philosophical theories of perceptual experience by examining the semantics of perceptual ascriptions such as “Jones sees an apple.” I start with the assumption, recently defended elsewhere, that perceptual ascriptions lend themselves to intensional readings. In the first part of the paper, I defend three theses regarding such readings: (I) intensional readings of perceptual ascriptions ascribe phenomenal properties, (II) perceptual verbs are not ambiguous between intensional and extensional readings, and (III) intensional perceptual ascriptions have a relational form. The second part of the paper describes the implications of I–III for theories of perceptual experience. I argue that I–III support and reconcile the three main views of perceptual experience, relationalism, disjunctivism, and representationalism. However, I–III leave open at least one important point of contention: particularism, the view that we experience external objects. I conclude by exploring the implications of accepting or denying particularism given I–III.

Vietnamese Perception Verbs – The Transfer of Their Cognitive Metaphors into English

Fillmore stated that frame semantics offers a particular way of looking at word meanings, as well as a way of characterizing principles for creating new words and phrases, for adding new meanings to words, and for assembling the meanings of elements in a text into the total meaning of the text. [9, p.111] Besides, the semantics of Vietnamese perception verbs is very diverse, subtle, and complicated. Therefore, this article researches the cognitive metaphor semantics (meanings) of Vietnamese perception verbs and their semantic cognition transferred from Vietnamese into English. The researcher inspected and collected 3,946 sentences with perception verbs as research data from two sets of English-Vietnamese, Vietnamese-English bilingual novels: The adventures of Sherlock Holmes , Arthur Conan Doyle (English version and Vietnamese version), and Love after war , Wayne Karlin, Ho Anh Thai (edited) (Vietnamese version and English version). Then, cases of specific semantic cognition transferred from Vietnamese into English were tracked down by using statistical analysis method. Simultaneously, the linguistic methods, such as descriptive, analysis, and contrastive methods have been used to analyze and investigate in order to find out the basic ways these verbs can convey cognitive metaphor meanings. There are totally 6 modes of the cognitive metaphors of the perception verbs. Those cognitive metaphors are formed due to the dominance of the cognitive object, the dominance of the cognitive perceiver, being in the same cognition phase, cognitive spaces switching, cognitive results conversion and perception organs conversion. This research results can help learners, language users, translators and interpreters of Vietnamese and English work effectively and comprehensively in their bilingual interactions.

Kırgız Türkçesinde Mental Fiiller

The aim of this study is to propound the expression possibilities of language in abstract concepts through firstly explaining the verb notion, and then determining the mental verbs in Kirghiz Turkish. In this study, mental verbs have been handled in the three main titles that are cognition verbs (the verbs that express understanding, thought, intention, request and desire, dream, guess, forgetting, remembering), the verbs of psychological situation (the verbs expressing doubt and suspicion, love, anger, anxiety, apprehension and fuss, fear, astonishment, sadness, shame, regret) and the perception verbs (the verbs of vision, hearing, tasting, smell, handling, regarding with perception verbs).

The study of systematic polysemy of the perception verb DIDAN ‘see’ in the framework of cognitive semantics in Persian language

In systematic polysemy, cognitive explorations are the basis for the existence of various senses for words and therefore it is analyzed through contemporary debates and historical evidences. The categories of body part terms and perception verbs are among the most important word groups related to cognitive semantics in the field of systematic polysemy. In this study, after defining and describing the systematic polysemy in cognitive approach, the related literature will be reviewed. Then, the polysemy of the perception verb (didan) ‘see’ in Persian language will be analyzed based on Antunano and Sweetner‘s model. Moreover, another goal of the present study is to find senses which are not included in the available dictionaries in order to list them as additional meanings to be added in dictionaries in future.

КУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ВЕКТОР В ПЕРЕВОДЕ: ПЕРЕДАЧА НА РУССКИЙ ЯЗЫК ЗНАЧЕНИЙ ФРАНЦУЗСКИХ ГЛАГОЛОВ ДВИЖЕНИЙ И ЖЕСТОВ ЧЕЛОВЕКА

The article deals with the adequacy of translating the vocabulary into Russian, which represents the nonverbal component of the text of French fiction. The problem is solved on the basis of verbs of visual perception in the linguoculturological aspect, taking into account its main postulates about differences in national linguistic worldviews and the connection between “the internal form” of a specific language and the culture of the people-native speakers of this language.

Verbos de percepción evidenciales en artículos científicos del siglo XIX: funciones pragmático-retóricas

This paper describes the pragmatic-rhetoric functions of visual perception verbs used as evidentials in scientific articles. These verbs not only indicate different types of evidentiality (visual and inferential), but can also adopt forms that suggest the (non)shared status of evidence. Our aim is to discover if there exists any constant relationship between the type of evidentiality, accessibility and the functions these evidential constructions have in the discourse. This study was carried out in a corpus of Biology articles published between 1799 and 1920. We believe that, in this corpus, many evidential choices are conditioned more by the author’s intentions than by the conventions of the genre. It should be reminded that in the period under study the conventions of scientific writing were yet to be established.

Revisit adjective distribution in Chinese

This study re-classifies Chinese monosyllabic adjectives and verbs in light of ‘scale structure’. It examines how various adjectives are associated with different scalar layers of verbs. The investigation focuses upon direct perception expressions and resultatives. The finding reveals that the closed-scale perceptual verb jiàn ‘see’ does not tolerate open-scale APs. This is because, (a) syntactically, Chinese perception verb complements do not represent a result state as the AP-complement is encoded into the perception verb root; (b) semantically, jiàn ‘see’ not only represent an accomplishment predication but contributes to a potential indirect perception, describing the observer’s evaluation of the perceived event.kàn ‘look’ is open-scale and is likely to render a direct perception report. The degree of kàn’s associations with different APs runs from ‘Totally open-scale AP’, down to ‘Upper closed-scale AP’, ‘Lower closed-scale AP’, ‘Totally closed-scale AP’. Resultatives seem to welcome all layers of adjectives. Various APs may match with a transitive verb, an unergative verb, a light verb or an unaccusative verb. This is down to the fact that, resultative complements are framed outside the verb roots and thus, do not receive restriction from the verb.

The Cultural Underpinnings of English: An Analysis of the Epistemic Phrase “I Think” and Related Models and their Translation into Lithuanian

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]
 The present paper deals with the analysis of the English epistemic phrase “I think” and its related models and their translation into Lithuanian. The aim of the paper is to find out whether the phrase “I think”and its related models can be treated as a cultural concept, peculiar to just the English language, having a unique Anglo script which does not have an exact equivalent in other languages. The analysis is based on the methodological framework of the Natural Semantic Metalanguage and the concept of cultural scripts worked out by Anna Wierzbicka.The data comes from two parallel corpora: the Parallel Opus Corpus, which stores texts of European Parliament meetings, and the Parallel English-Lithuanian Corpus compiled at the Centre of Computational Linguistics of Vytautas Magnus University (PELC), which consists mainly of fiction and some non-fiction texts. The analysis identified the most frequent transla-tion variants in the spoken and written language. It has been discovered that in the spoken language (Opus Corpus), the most frequent translation variant of the epistemic phrase “I think” is the first-person present-tense mental perception verb manau (53,5per cent). Manau cultural script corresponds to the Anglo “I think” script. Meanwhile, in the written language (PELC), manau constitutes 26,5percent of all “I think” translation variants. In the remaining cases the translation of the epistemic phrase “I think” varied highly. The findings show that the related epistemic phrases “I believe”, “I suspect”, “I suppose” and “I guess” in most cases are also rendered by means of the first-person present-tense mental perception verb manau. The research showed that epistemic phrases are cultural concepts that have no direct equiva-lents in the Lithuanian language and that the cultures and mindsets in question are different. It has been established that cultural acknowledgement of the limitations of one’s knowledge is a vast topic of Anglo culture and the English language and it should be approached carefully and systematically.

Slavic nominative construction with verbs of perception, thought, and speech

Slavic nominative construction with verbs of perception, thought, and speech

Predicate raising and perception verb complements in Malagasy

Malagasy clauses have a bipartite structure, consisting of a predicate plus a topic-like constituent, the trigger, which specifies the argument of predication. Normally the predicate precedes the trigger. The question arises as to whether the trigger originates to the right of the predicate, or whether predicate-trigger order is derived through predicate fronting. I argue in favor of predicate fronting based on evidence from clausal complements in sentences denoting direct perception of an event. These complements closely resemble matrix clauses, but exhibit an order where the trigger precedes the predicate. I show that these complements are single constituents which pattern as tensed clauses with regard to binding and other tests. I also present evidence that the trigger in perception verb complements occupies the same position as triggers of predicate-initial clauses. It follows that the word order difference between perception verb complements and predicate-initial clauses reflects a difference in the surface position of the predicate. I propose that predicate-initial clauses include a finiteness (Fin) head in their left periphery which attracts the predicate (=TP) to check tense and EPP features, causing the predicate to raise over the trigger. In perception verb complements, which denote events rather than propositions, the Fin head is absent, and so predicate fronting fails to occur.

The grammaticalization of Dutchklinken

AbstractThis article demonstrates the diachronic development of present-day Dutchklinkenas an evidential copular verb meaning ‘to seem, based on (auditory) evidence’ from the Middle Dutch intransitive verbklinkenmeaning ‘to give off a clear sound’. I identify four semantic stages in the history ofklinken, which are divided by processes of semantic bleaching (14th–16th century, 16th–17th century) and subjectification and copularization (during the 16th century). I claim that the process of copularization is the trigger of both the evidential meaning and the subjective interpretation that copular constructions withklinkenreceive. Furthermore, I show that, unlike the development oferuitzien‘look’ andvoelen‘feel’ from cognitive perception verbs,klinkenhas developed much like the Dutch copular verbsschijnen‘seem’ andblijken‘turn out’: from an intransitive verb with a sensory-related meaning.

Sensorialidad, cognición y afectividad en el lenguaje de promoción turística: análisis de corpus de los verbos de percepción

El lenguaje del turismo se sirve de determinados elementos discursivos con notorio carácter promocional y una marcada función persuasiva. Entre estos elementos se encuentran los verbos de percepción, que desempeñan un papel fundamental en la representación discursiva anticipada de la experiencia turística. En este artículo, nos proponemos precisamente examinar los verbos de percepción sensorial, cognitiva y afectiva en el discurso turístico promocional. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis discursivo basado en un corpus de sitios web institucionales de promoción turística escritos en español. En primer lugar, se realizó un análisis cuantitativo con la intención de identificar la categoría verbal perceptiva con la presencia más alta y, en segundo lugar, se analizó la preferencia semántica de las unidades verbales más frecuentes mediante el estudio de sus coocurrencias habituales. Los resultados apuntan a la cognición como la categoría más numerosa y muestran, además, que la percepción se representa principalmente a través de cinco lemas verbales que manifiestan un comportamiento colocacional concreto y una evidente preferencia semántica dentro de este tipo de discurso.

On Middle Construction in Japanese

This study uncovers Japanese middle constructions based on the approach of “distributed morphology”. The findings reveal that adjunct is obligatory in Japanese middles. Two types of grammatical elements contribute to the adjunct: suffix and adverbs. The suffix yasui corresponds to English “able”. The case of the subject must be nominative, i.e., が. Once verbs are attached by the suffix yasui, their part of speech transits from verb into adjective. The new lexicon predicates an inherent property of the subject. Regarding middles with adjuncts rendered by adverbs, two subtypes are confirmed: the na-adjective formed adverb 簡単に kantan ni, and the i-adjective formed adverb よく yoku. The former is produced by the na-adjective 簡単 with the copular に. The latter is formed by the i-adjective よい with the predicate く ku. The mechanisms of the constructions rendered by the two are similar. Furthermore, unlike English middles, where non change-of-state verbs are ruled out, there is no distinct lexical category of middle verb Japanese. Rather, six groups of verbs are compatible: (a) motion verbs; (b) change-of-state verbs; (c) action verbs; (d) perception verbs; (e) stative verbs; and (f) accomplishment verbs. Crucially, such generosity does not result from the adjuncts. It is the “potential form” of verbs that enables psychological and perception verbs to be licensed in Japanese middles.

The Use of Infinitive in the Minutes of the Meetings of Društvo srpske slovesnosti 1842–1853

This paper deals with the usage of the infinitive, its meaning and role in various types of structures in which the modern Serbian language prefers to use analytical structures.Таке note of the infinitive in constructions with modal verbs and the verbs mental and cognitive activity, permissive verbs, verbs that refer to the communicative act, verbs of perception, the periphrastic predicates, adjectives and adverbs, but take note of the independent infinitive. The infinitive in these texts has a more extensive use than in the texts of the modern Serbian language.

Polysemy and Metaphor in the Verbs of Perception

This paper addresses the idea that has been recently put forward by several studies in the field of cognitive linguistics that perception verbs have a polysemous structure motivated by our experience and understanding of the world. Metaphor is not only characteristic of poetic language, but on the contrary, it can be found everywhere in everyday language and the polysemous character of perception verbs reflected into a wide range of syntactic and constructional alternatives makes them a motivating semantic field to approach in this respect.