Perception Of Visual Information Research Articles

Changes in the sensory regions of the brain in patients with multiple sclerosis after complex neurorehabilitation according to resting functional magnetic resonance imaging

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis is the one of leading causes of non-traumatic disability in young adult patients. An in-depth understanding of the processes of neuroplasticity underlying rehabilitation measures will ensure full and effective recovery of patients with this disease. AIM: To evaluate changes in the brain connectome in patients with multiple sclerosis in response to complex rehabilitation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study included 20 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (EDSS 1.5–6.5) in remission. All patients underwent comprehensive inpatient neurorehabilitation in a volume corresponding to individual rehabilitation needs for 5 weeks. To assess changes in the connectome, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was performed at three points: before the start of rehabilitation, immediately after its completion, and one month after discharge from the hospital. Statistical analysis is carried out using the CONN 7 (based on MathLab). Clinical neurological examination included examination using functional tests, passing questionnaires, and determining scores on the EDSS scale before and after rehabilitation. RESULTS: A total of 20 patients were examined, 13 of them at three control points. According to rs-fMRI data, clusters of decreased connectivity were identified between the left parahippocampal gyrus and the lateral cortex of the right occipital lobe, and between the right parahippocampal gyrus and the precuneus (p-FWE, p-FDR of cluster size and mass 0.05). Clusters of increased connectivity were determined between the left inferior temporal gyrus and the lateral occipital cortex of the left hemisphere, between the left middle temporal gyrus and the right frontal field, between the pole of the left temporal lobe and the lateral cortex of the left hemisphere (p-FWE, p-FDR of cluster size and mass 0.05). Other clusters of sufficient size demonstrated borderline statistical significance (individual adjusted p values for cluster size and mass exceeded 0.05). CONCLUSION: The identified changes indicate a functional reorganization of brain structures responsible for the perception of complex visual information, the functioning of executive control systems, as well as the implementation of memory and sequential action planning.

Mixed reality-based coordinate system for enhancing survey knowledge acquisition: a study on allocentric and egocentric perspectives

ABSTRACT Spatial knowledge, especially survey knowledge, plays a pivotal role in people’s daily spatial tasks. However, the inherently limited visual perception and integration of spatial information often leads to inaccuracies in survey knowledge, with far-reaching consequences that affect performance, emotion, and safety in completing spatial tasks. In this study, we developed a mixed reality (MR)-based coordinate system and conducted a comparative user experiment involving 56 participants to explore whether perceiving metric and global spatial references during navigation may enhance the accuracy of user-acquired spatial knowledge. The experiment encompassed a spatial learning task where participants navigated and learned the selected indoor environment, followed by a desktop-based landmark recalling task to evaluate the accuracy of participants’ acquired survey knowledge. The results revealed the following insights: (1) the use of MR-based coordinate system significantly improved egocentric and allocentric spatial relations in participants’ survey knowledge; (2) participants’ errors in spatial relations among landmarks accumulate over distance, whereas the MR-based coordinate system helps maintain the errors at a consistent level; (3) no significant correlations were found between errors in participants’ survey knowledge and environmental familiarity, suggesting that the aiding effect of the MR-based coordinate system was independent of users’ prior knowledge of the environment; (4) participants reported increased mental demand using the MR-based coordinate system, but this did not result in diminished spatial learning performance or additional time pressure and learning efforts. These empirical results contribute to the future study of spatial knowledge acquisition and the design of spatial learning interfaces in mixed reality.

Efficiency of the method of forming special knowledge and skills in the process of physical training of cadets

The article theoretically substantiates, develops and experimentally tests the method of formation of special knowledge and skills of future officers in the process of physical education. It is determined that Military specialization has a different content of combat activity and, thus, different requirements for the training of future specialists, according to the specifics of the activity, the structure of work movements, and the involvement of the body's systems and functions.Analysis of the dynamics of psychophysiological preparation of future officers in the conditions of a pedagogical experiment showed the presence of reliable positive changes in the development of movement frequency, accuracy of reproduction of half and a quarter of muscle effort, accuracy of reproduction of short and long time intervals, accuracy of distance reproduction, speed of reaction to a moving object, speed of perception and processing of visual information, efficiency of psychomotor activity, mental stability, volume, distribution and switching of attention in young cadets. In female cadets, a significant increase is observed in the indicators of the frequency of movements, the accuracy of reproduction of half and a quarter of muscle efforts, the accuracy of reproduction of short and long time intervals, the strength of nervous processes, the speed of perception and processing of visual information, the efficiency of mental activity, mental stability, volume, distribution and switching of attention. In addition, it has been proven that the implementation of the method of formation of special knowledge and skills of future officers in the process of physical education significantly increased the effectiveness of professional training of cadets of military higher educational institutions.

Visual imagination can influence visual perception - towards an experimental paradigm to measure imagination.

During visual imagination, a perceptual representation is activated in the absence of sensory input. This is sometimes described as seeing with the mind's eye. A number of physiological studies indicate that the brain uses more or less the same neural resources for visual perception of sensory information and visual imagination. The intensity of visual imagination is typically assessed with questionnaires, while more objective measures are missing. Aim of the present study was, to test a new experimental paradigm that may allow to objectively quantify imagination. For this, we used priming and adaptation effects during observation of ambiguous figures. Our perception of an ambiguous stimulus is unstable and alternates spontaneously between two possible interpretations. If we first observe an unambiguous stimulus variant (the conditioning stimulus), the subsequently presented ambiguous stimulus can either be perceived in the same way as the test stimulus (priming effect) or in the opposite way (adaptation effect) as a function of the conditioning time. We tested for these conditioning effects (priming and adaptation) using an ambiguous Necker Cube and an ambiguous Letter /Number stimulus as test stimuli and unambiguous variants thereof as conditioning stimuli. In a second experimental condition, we tested whether the previous imagination of an unambiguous conditioning stimulus variant - instead of its observation - can have similar conditioning effects on the subsequent test stimulus. We found no systematic conditioning effect on the group level, neither for the two stimulus types (Necker Cube stimuli and Letter /Number stimuli) nor for the two conditions (Real and Imaginary). However, significant correlations between effects of Real and Imaginary Condition were observed for both stimulus types. The absence of conditioning effects at the group level may be explained by using only one conditioning time, which may fit with individual priming and adaptation constants of some of our participants but not of others. Our strong correlation results indicate that observers with clear conditioning effects have about the same type (priming or adaptation) and intensity of imaginary conditioning effects. As a consequence, not only past perceptual experiences but also past imaginations can influence our current percepts. This is further confirmation that the mechanisms underlying perception and imagination are similar. Our post-hoc qualitative observations from three self-defined aphantasic observers indicate that our paradigm may be a promising objective measure to identify aphantasia.

SENSORY INTEGRATION AS AN INNOVATIVE METHOD OF WORKING WITH CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS

The method of sensory integration is very relevant in modern science and practice, especially in the context of child development and correctional pedagogy. More and more children have difficulties in processing sensory information, which affects their behaviour, learning and socialisation, and more and more studies confirm the effectiveness of this method in working with children with autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), cerebral palsy and other neurological disorders. Purpose. To analyse and systematise sensory integration as an innovative method of working with children with special educational needs. Materials and methods. To achieve the objectives of the study, the scientific literature was analysed and information was systematised using electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and others Research results. Sensory integration is the organisation of sensations that will be used in some way. Williamson and Anzalone have identified five interrelated components that help explain how sensory integration occurs: sensory registration, orientation, interpretation, organisation of the response, and execution (carrying out) of the response. Sensory registration occurs when a person first becomes aware of a sensory event. Sensory orientation helps to pay attention to new sensory information. A person can determine which sensory information requires attention and which can be ignored. The ability to interpret sensory information helps to choose what to respond to and what not to respond to. A person compares new sensory experiences with old ones. To organise a response, the human brain determines whether a response to a sensory stimulus is required and chooses a response option. Making a motor, cognitive or emotional response to a sensory message is the final stage of the sensory integration process. The following sensory systems are distinguished: tactile (sensation of temperature, humidity, texture of the environment and objects), vestibular (perception of body position in space, interpretation of the feeling of gravity, balance), proprioceptive (feeling of muscles, joints), visual (perception of visual information), auditory (perception of auditory information), olfactory (taste and smell). Disorders in sensory integration refer to difficulties in processing and organising sensory information received by the brain. These disorders can affect various aspects of a child's development, including motor, emotional, cognitive and social skills. The disorders are manifested in the form of hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity. Hypersensitivity (or sensory hypersensitivity) occurs when a person has an unusually high response to sensory stimuli. This means that even small or ordinary stimuli can cause discomfort or even pain. Hypersensitivity (or sensory insufficiency) means that a person needs stronger or more pronounced sensory stimuli to notice or react to them. These disorders can occur in any sensory system. Conclusions. Sensory integration is the ordering of sensations that will be used in some way. When sensory integration is impaired, hypersensitivity and hypersensitivity occur in a particular sensory system. Research in this area shows that sensory impairments can also be observed in children with general development, but in children with special educational needs it is more pronounced. The inclusion of sensory integration in the correctional process significantly improves the studied indicators and contributes to a more successful adaptation of the child and his or her integration into society.

Image manipulation localization via dynamic cross-modality fusion and progressive integration

Image manipulation localization aims at distinguishing forged regions from the whole test image. Though many outstanding prior arts have been proposed for this task, there are still two issues that need to be further studied: (1) how to fuse diverse types of features with forgery clues; (2) how to progressively integrate multistage features for better localization performance. In this paper, we propose a tripartite progressive integration network (TriPINet) for end-to-end image manipulation localization. First, we extract both visual perception information, e.g., RGB input images, and visual imperceptible features, e.g., frequency and noise traces for forensic feature learning. Second, we develop a guided cross-modality dual-attention (gCMDA) module to fuse different types of forged clues. Third, we design a set of progressive integration squeeze-and-excitation (PI-SE) modules to improve localization performance by appropriately incorporating multiscale features in the decoder. Extensive experiments are conducted to compare our method with state-of-the-art image forensics approaches. The proposed TriPINet obtains competitive results on several benchmark datasets.

Исследование линейности цветовосприятия человека в графическом интерфейсе систем управления

The work is aimed at studying the process of human perception of visual information in conditions of interaction with a certain interface. The authors describe experimental research of the linearity of human colour perception in the graphical interface of control systems when observing colour pictograms in a conditional interface. To analyze the mechanism operation of the visual information perception, an information model of visual perception is used. Features of human perception of visual information can be of both an individual nature associated with a specific individual, and an external nature associated with the systemic interference of the operator’s direct interaction with the interface. The paper defines the factors of the study and describes the methodology for preparing stimulus material using the Processing programming language. As a tool for conducting the experiment, a software and hardware complex recording oculomotor activity Eye-tracker SMI RED 250 is used. The importance of creating effective user interfaces for control systems of complex objects and insufficient study of adapting interfaces to the features of human perception of visual information at the perceptual level of awareness determine the relevance of the study. The means of mathematical statistics process the obtained parametric data of the template for examining the stimulus material. The results got in the experiment allow concluding that the mechanism of human visual information perception, when the colour spot brightness decreases, remains sensitive to yellow colour the longest.

A tutorial on the physics of light and image shading.

This paper provides an overview of the many different ways that light interacts with surfaces in the natural environment to provide useful information for visual perception. It begins with a discussion of how the concept of light has evolved over the course of human history. It then considers a wide variety of optical phenomena including Lambert's laws of illumination, the effects of microscopic surface structure on patterns of reflection, the bidirectional reflectance distribution function, the refraction of transmitted light, chromatic dispersion, thin film interference, sub-surface scattering, the Fresnel effects, indirect illumination from multiple reflections, caustics, and the structure of the light field. The primary goal of this discussion is to provide the necessary background information to help students and young researchers more easily understand the scientific literature on the perception of 3D shape and material properties from patterns of image shading.

Abnormal activation patterns in MT+ during visual motion perception in major depressive disorder.

Previous studies have found that patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) exhibit impaired visual motion perception capabilities, and multi-level abnormalities in the human middle temporal complex (MT+), a key brain area for processing visual motion information. However, the brain activity pattern of MDD patients during the perception of visual motion information is currently unclear. In order to study the effect of depression on the activity and functional connectivity (FC) of MT+ during the perception of visual motion information, we conducted a study combining task-state fMRI and psychophysical paradigm to compare MDD patients and healthy control (HC). Duration threshold was examined through a visual motion perception psychophysical experiment. In addition, a classic block-design grating motion task was utilized for fMRI scanning of 24 MDD patients and 25 HC. The grating moved randomly in one of eight directions. We examined the neural activation under visual stimulation conditions compared to the baseline and FC. Compared to HC group, MDD patients exhibited increased duration threshold. During the task, MDD patients showed decreased beta value and percent signal change in left and right MT+. In the sample comprising MDD and HC, there was a significant negative correlation between beta value in right MT+ and duration threshold. And in MDD group, activation in MT+ were significantly correlated with retardation score. Notably, no such differences in activation were observed in primary visual cortex (V1). Furthermore, when left MT+ served as the seed region, compared to the HC, MDD group showed increased FC with right calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex and decreased FC with left precuneus. Overall, the findings of this study highlight that the visual motion perception function impairment in MDD patients relates to abnormal activation patterns in MT+, and task-related activity are significantly connected to the retardation symptoms of the disease. This not only provides insights into the potential neurobiological mechanisms behind visual motion perception disorder in MDD patients from the aspect of task-related brain activity, but also supports the importance of MT+ as a candidate biomarker region for MDD.

Visual information perception system of coal mine comprehensive excavation working face for edge computing terminal

AbstractAiming at the problems of low detection accuracy, high computational complexity and long‐time consumption of visual perception model in a complex mining environment, this research designs a visual information perception system of coal mine comprehensive excavation working face for an edge computing terminal. Firstly, the C3‐Fast feature extraction module, spatial pyramid pooling with cross‐stage partial connection (SPPCSPC) pooling module, bi‐directional feature pyramid network and lightweight decoupled detection head are used to optimize the YOLOv5s model, so as to construct the FSBD‐YOLOv5s multi‐object detection model. Secondly, the pruning and distillation algorithm is used to lighten the FSBD‐YOLOv5s model, and the model complexity is greatly reduced while maintaining the model detection accuracy. Further, the lightweight FSBD‐YOLOv5s model is migrated and deployed to the edge computing terminal platform and the TensorRT engine is used to accelerate model inference. Finally, experiments are carried out based on the data set of the coal mine comprehensive excavation working face. The experimental results show that on the edge computing terminal platform, the parameters and computational volume of the lightweight FSBD‐YOLOv5s model are reduced by 50.8% and 34.0%, while its detection accuracy and speed reach 94.0% and 43.7 fps, which can fully satisfy the requirements of the accuracy and real‐time for the coal mine engineering applications.

Проявления психологических защит в декодировании графических средств коммуникации у лиц с нарушением интеллекта

The communicative abilities of modern adolescents with intellectual disabilities relate to the integration of information and communication technologies using visual-graphic means into their daily life. The ongoing study considered the assumption that the specificity of perception of visual information as a component of the public communicative field is expressed in maladaptive protective response in persons with intellectual disability. Analysis of psychophysiological indicators of decoding of graphic means of communication by the oculography method in persons with intellectual disability was carried out in the context of manifestations of psychological defenses. The study involved 148 students of educational institutions in St. Petersburg (Russian Federation) with the diagnosis F70 according to ICD-10 “mild mental retardation” – 70 girls and 78 boys (mean age 15,03 ± 0,94). Different patterns of oculomotor activity in visual perception of pictograms at different manifestations of psychological defenses are noted in adolescents with intellectual disability. The choice of defense mechanisms, more distorting reality or displacing information was manifested in the reduced quality of interpretation of visual and information. The article emphasizes the importance of focusing on research and psychoprophylactic attention to individual user needs in decoding graphic communication elements according to cognitive capabilities. By addressing these factors, researchers and practitioners can better tailor communication technologies to meet the unique needs of this population.

Visual scanning patterns of a talking face when evaluating phonetic information in a native and non-native language.

When comprehending speech, listeners can use information encoded in visual cues from a face to enhance auditory speech comprehension. For example, prior work has shown that the mouth movements reflect articulatory features of speech segments and durational information, while pitch and speech amplitude are primarily cued by eyebrow and head movements. Little is known about how the visual perception of segmental and prosodic speech information is influenced by linguistic experience. Using eye-tracking, we studied how perceivers' visual scanning of different regions on a talking face predicts accuracy in a task targeting both segmental versus prosodic information, and also asked how this was influenced by language familiarity. Twenty-four native English perceivers heard two audio sentences in either English or Mandarin (an unfamiliar, non-native language), which sometimes differed in segmental or prosodic information (or both). Perceivers then saw a silent video of a talking face, and judged whether that video matched either the first or second audio sentence (or whether both sentences were the same). First, increased looking to the mouth predicted correct responses only for non-native language trials. Second, the start of a successful search for speech information in the mouth area was significantly delayed in non-native versus native trials, but just when there were only prosodic differences in the auditory sentences, and not when there were segmental differences. Third, (in correct trials) the saccade amplitude in native language trials was significantly greater than in non-native trials, indicating more intensely focused fixations in the latter. Taken together, these results suggest that mouth-looking was generally more evident when processing a non-native versus native language in all analyses, but fascinatingly, when measuring perceivers' latency to fixate the mouth, this language effect was largest in trials where only prosodic information was useful for the task.

Visual attention and phonological processing in children with developmental language disorder

IntroductionDevelopmental Language Disorder (DLD) is a neurobiological condition characterized by insufficient language and communication development, with no underlying physical, sensory, or cognitive explanations. A prominent feature among children with DLD is their struggle with phonological processing, a pivotal skill for later reading proficiency. Recent research suggests that children with DLD may also exhibit impairments in various non-linguistic cognitive abilities, including memory, attention, and perception. Of particular importance is visual attention, which plays a critical role in integrating visual perceptual information with diverse cognitive and linguistic processes.ObjectiveTo characterize visual attention during phonological processing tasks in Colombian children with DLD.MethodologyThis study employed a cross-sectional descriptive experimental design involving 20 children diagnosed with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) and 20 children without language difficulties. All participants underwent language, vocabulary, and phonological awareness tests. Additionally, an experimental task utilizing the eye-tracking method was designed and administered to measure phonological processing with phonological and lexical distractors.ResultsChildren with DLD exhibited diminished performance on phonological awareness tasks, as evidenced by their lower scores. This was further supported by the experimental phonological processing task, where an interference effect was observed in the presence of lexical distractors for word recognition, but not with phonological distractors.ConclusionChildren with DLD demonstrated deficiencies in both phonological awareness and visual attention skills during linguistic and phonological processing tasks. They also exhibit reduced sensitivity in identifying phonological relations such as rhyme. The study discusses these findings along with their clinical implications, emphasizing the importance of assessing online processing abilities in children with DLD and considering the influence of other cognitive abilities on their linguistic performance.

Research on Color Attention Bias Caused by Olfactory Stimulation in Visual Search Task

People often connect and integrate information from different sensory channels to form cross-channel connection. Previous studies have proved that vision, as a dominant perception, will affect the perception and recognition of olfactory channels. This study attempts to prove experimentally that olfactory channels have an influence on the perception and recognition of visual information. Experimental method: Subjects were asked to search the target with a specific shape visually after deeply smelling fragrance card, and their respective reaction time was tested. The indicative of olfactory stimuli is regarded as an intragroup variable, and the forward and reverse correlation between target color and olfactory stimuli is regarded as an inter-group variable. The experimental results show that when the color associated with olfactory stimulation appears on the target pattern, it will speed up the visual search, but when the color associated with olfactory stimulation appears on the interference pattern, it will hinder the visual search speed. Conclusion: It is proved that olfactory cues will lead to visual attention bias to its associated colors, indicating that there is a cross-channel influence of olfactory stimuli on visual attention.

Macaque claustrum, pulvinar and putative dorsolateral amygdala support the cross-modal association of social audio-visual stimuli based on meaning.

Social communication draws on several cognitive functions such as perception, emotion recognition and attention. The association of audio-visual information is essential to the processing of species-specific communication signals. In this study, we use functional magnetic resonance imaging in order to identify the subcortical areas involved in the cross-modal association of visual and auditory information based on their common social meaning. We identified three subcortical regions involved in audio-visual processing of species-specific communicative signals: the dorsolateral amygdala, the claustrum and the pulvinar. These regions responded to visual, auditory congruent and audio-visual stimulations. However, none of them was significantly activated when the auditory stimuli were semantically incongruent with the visual context, thus showing an influence of visual context on auditory processing. For example, positive vocalization (coos) activated the three subcortical regions when presented in the context of positive facial expression (lipsmacks) but not when presented in the context of negative facial expression (aggressive faces). In addition, the medial pulvinar and the amygdala presented multisensory integration such that audiovisual stimuli resulted in activations that were significantly higher than those observed for the highest unimodal response. Last, the pulvinar responded in a task-dependent manner, along a specific spatial sensory gradient. We propose that the dorsolateral amygdala, the claustrum and the pulvinar belong to a multisensory network that modulates the perception of visual socioemotional information and vocalizations as a function of the relevance of the stimuli in the social context. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Understanding and correctly associating socioemotional information across sensory modalities, such that happy faces predict laughter and escape scenes predict screams, is essential when living in complex social groups. With the use of functional magnetic imaging in the awake macaque, we identify three subcortical structures-dorsolateral amygdala, claustrum and pulvinar-that only respond to auditory information that matches the ongoing visual socioemotional context, such as hearing positively valenced coo calls and seeing positively valenced mutual grooming monkeys. We additionally describe task-dependent activations in the pulvinar, organizing along a specific spatial sensory gradient, supporting its role as a network regulator.

PRESERVING THE HEALTH OF THE ORGAN OF VISION IN CHILDREN: ORGANIZATIONAL PRINCIPLES

Background. The relevance of the study is due to the growing prevalence of ophthalmic pathology among children, in particular, the growing prevalence of refractive errors in early and older adolescence. The results of scientific research prove the presence of a direct correlation between the growth of the prevalence of ophthalmic pathology and the growth of the child's age and the amount of visual stress, which is primarily related to the educational process during school education. The effective organization of medical care should take into account modern medical and preventive technologies of early preventive intervention, as well as be comprehensive with the involvement of medical specialists (pediatric ophthalmologists, family doctors) and educators, family members, parents of the child for effective support and leveling of managed risk factors for the development of ophthalmic pathology.
 Aim: to study the modern organizational principles of preserving the health of eye care of children, to clarify the medical and social aspects of the formation of the burden of ophthalmic pathology from childhood in different countries of the world.
 Materials and methods. The materials for the research were publications of the results of modern scientific research on the study of medical and social aspects of preserving the ophthalmic health of children, the peculiarities of the organization of providing medical and preventive care to children with visual impairments. The methods for carrying out scientific research were: system approach and system analysis, as well as content analysis.
 Results of the study prove the prospects for the implementation of medical and preventive strategies in the provision of primary and specialized ophthalmic medical care, in view of the significant medical and social burden of ophthalmopathology, the distribution of nosologies by class of diseases of the eye and its accessory apparatus, which are most often found in certain age groups of the children's population, is presented. It has been proven that compliance with the optimal periodicity of medical and preventive examinations is necessary for the majority of ophthalmological nosologies diagnosed since childhood and involves long-term supervision. In children of preschool, preschool and early school age, efforts at early prevention and diagnosis of such ophthalmological nosologies as: refraction anomalies (astigmatism, hypermetropia, myopia) are justified. strabismus and amblyopia; accommodation disorders; lack of convergence. Untreated or untimely detected refraction anomaly, strabismus, amblyopia can lead to the development of irreversible loss of visual functions, blindness and even inhibition of the formation of the visual system with distorted perception of visual information, which without timely correction lead to the appearance of complications, progression of strabismus, decrease in visual acuity, amblyopia , asthenopia, headache and deterioration of general well-being.
 Conclusion. The important medico-social importance of disorders of visual functions in childhood is a serious problem for the health care system, public health and ophthalmology service, in particular. Reasoned expediency of applying measures to level the managed risk factors against the background of intersectoral interaction of doctors, educators, the child himself and his family. This approach allows you to prevent the negative impact of ophthalmic pathology on academic performance, activate physical development, and promote harmonious personality development.

Learning styles of the Armed Forces of Ukraine personnel undergoing English language courses

The preferred learning styles according to the Felder-Soloman method of military personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with various military ranks studying English on four-month face-to-face foreign language courses based on the Foreign Languages Education and Research Center of the National Defense University of Ukraine were studied. Active, sensing and visual styles account for approximately 85% of students, while the remaining 15% have reflective, intuitive and verbal styles. The advantage of the sequential over global style is about 75%. No correlation was found between individual learning preferences, the results of the English language entrance test (four tests - listening, writing, reading and speaking), and officer ranks. The method of two-stage cluster analysis shows that respondents form two clusters (Silhouette cluster quality - 0.5-0.6) of approximately the same size according to the level of language proficiency. The most influential factor for cluster formation is the results of listening. Military personnel learning styles were compared with literature data on students' learning styles from 12 fields of study. Two fields (military and natural sciences) demonstrate the preferences toward four styles in all four dimensions; preferences in 2 directions (sensing and visual) and balance in the other two are characteristic of six fields of study. Four other studied fields have a propensity in only one dimension (visual perception of information).

Археологический музей и визуальная культура: вызов или возможности

The quantitative and qualitative leap in the production and perception of visual information prompts many researchers to describe modern culture as visual. The emergence of the technical ability to create, copy and distribute visual images has led to important sociocultural changes. That has affected such a realm of the visual as the archaeological museum. It has lost its monopoly on the presentation of historical artifacts and has been forced to compete with the mass media for the viewers. On the other hand, it has significantly expanded the technical tools for studying and exhibiting its collections. At the same time, there are concerns that the museum may lose its uniqueness under the pressure of visual culture and drown in a sea of attractions. The use of visual technologies at the exposition could not contribute to the actualization of the heritage, but, on the contrary, lead to its devaluation. This article is an attempt to analyze the correlation between the challenges that visual culture poses to the archaeological museum and the opportunities that it provides.

Perception of Visual Information in a Digital Environment and Cognitive Styles

Perception of Visual Information in a Digital Environment and Cognitive Styles

THE EPISTEME OF “VISUALITY” IN COGNITIVE AND EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES

The statement of basic materials. A modern person is an active consumer of visual images, through which he/she forms his/her worldview and discourses. This leads to the search for new approaches to the presentation and assimilation of knowledge. As a result of involving visualisation in cognition, this or that problem situation was solved more productively. The formation of visual perception is directly influenced by the social environment, which determines the appropriate conditions of existence, influences the effect of cultural and linguistic traditions, and takes into account intellectual, emotional, and mental characteristics. The information boom caused by the development of technology and the availability of the internet is overloading humans with the sheer volume of information they must process. The cognitive sphere is inseparable from technological progress and is subject to all the innovations of the age, both in the use of these innovations and in their creation. Therefore, we are moving to a new epistemological interpretation of science, education, and the learning process. Consequently, it is necessary to focus on the issues of the formation of digital humanities, mosaic, and iconicity in the presentation of visual information, analysing the perception and processing of visual information, formation of visual literacy, visual thinking, and visual culture.