Perceptual Style Research Articles

An Investigation of the Perception of Neoclassical, Eclectic, Modernist, and Postmodern Architecture within Different Urban Landscapes: Athens vs. Paris

The public perception of buildings belonging to different architectural movements is a largely unexplored area from a quantitative scientific perspective. However, a better scientific understanding of perceptions of architectural movements is important for the formation of improved planning and design policies. In this work, we carry out an initial exploration of the public preferences of the architectural movements of Neoclassicism, Eclecticism, Modernism, and Postmodernism. To this aim, a total of 103 citizens from Athens (Greece) and Paris (France) were presented with the same questions regarding their opinions on buildings belonging to those movements. In the analysis and interpretation of the collected data, the different cultural, professional, and demographic characteristics of participants were then considered, as well as the role of the urban landscapes of Athens and Paris as the historical, societal, and aesthetic contexts that influence and shape perceptions. The results demonstrated a clear and uniform prevalence of Neoclassical architecture in terms of positive public perception in both cities. Similarly, in both cities, Eclecticism followed with a relatively more positive perception than Modern and Postmodern architectural styles, which were rated the lowest. However, a significant difference between the two cities was that when participants singled out their primary favorite style, Modernism enjoyed higher favorability in Athens than in Paris. These findings and their theoretical exploration provide inferences into the complexities of public perceptions of architectural styles, with potential implications for the integration of citizen preferences into future research on architectural/urban design and planning.

Самоопределение «без маски» в исполнительстве и его восприятии в 1960–1980-е

This work contains an attempt to understand the sources, evolution and results of the phenomenon of personal sincerity in the Soviet performing arts of the 1960s-1980s. This refers to three complementary tracks of the development of Soviet artistic culture (style, type, and method of perception) which determined various performing arts coming to the fore. Special attention is paid to author songs, theatre, cinema, and Russian rock. The material for such comprehension consists mainly of the personal experience of the author of the article, including observations and personal participation in the events described. The methodological basis of the work is a pragmasemantic approach, according to which meaning formation is determined by the contexts of socio-cultural practices, while personal subjectivity acts as a universal interface for such meaning formation, its dynamics, changes and interactions of contexts, including cultural and political ones. Meanwhile, subjectivity itself is formed in a specific historical and cultural context, including art and artistic culture. This, at the same time, contributes to the positioning of subjectivity in society, its self-realization and self-organization.

Analyzing the Role of Transformational Leadership in Driving Organizational Innovation: An Empirical Study in the Information Technology Industry

This empirical study investigates the role of transformational leadership in propelling organizational innovation within the dynamic landscape of the Information Technology (IT) industry. Recognizing the imperative for organizations to innovate in response to rapid technological advancements, this research delves into the leadership behaviors that stimulate and sustain innovation. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining surveys and interviews to gather comprehensive insights. Survey data is collected from a diverse sample of IT industry professionals, assessing their perceptions of leadership styles and organizational innovation. In-depth interviews with organizational leaders provide qualitative perspectives on the mechanisms through which transformational leadership influences innovation. Findings reveal a positive correlation between transformational leadership and organizational innovation in the IT sector. Transformational leaders, characterized by their vision, inspiration, and intellectual stimulation, play a pivotal role in fostering a culture of creativity and adaptability. The study identifies specific leadership behaviors, such as encouraging risk-taking and promoting a shared vision, as critical drivers of innovation. This research contributes to the understanding of leadership dynamics in the context of technological innovation. Practically, it provides insights for organizations seeking to enhance their innovative capabilities by cultivating transformational leadership traits. The study concludes with implications for leadership development programs and suggestions for future research directions in the intersection of leadership and innovation within the IT industry.

Can personal values moderate players’ affective states?

AbstractBased on self-determination theory and Schwartz’s refined theory of basic individual values, the aim of the study was to examine whether adolescents’ personal values might be moderating the relationship between coaches’ perceptions of interpersonal styles, and the affect they experience in relation to their basketball practice. A sample of 233 Spanish male basketball players between 13 and 14 years of age (M = 13.97, SD = 0.18) who were participating in a national competition were assessed. The Spanish versions of the Sport Climate Questionnaire (SCQ), the Controlling Coach Behaviors Scale (CCBS), the Portrait Values Questionnaire-Revised (PVQ-R) and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) were used to measure the variables of interest. Results reveal that for players who prioritize self-enhancement values, perceiving their coach as autonomy-supportive significantly reduces their negative affect. Moreover, prioritizing self-transcendence values neutralizes the positive effect of a controlling style on negative affect. This study highlights the relevance of identifying personal values in order to enhance positive affective states. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance for coaches to work using more autonomy-supportive strategies and avoid working with the use of controlling behaviors to promote positive affect and to prevent negative affect in order to avoid possible dropout from the sport.

Nurses’ Perception of the Leadership Styles of their Nurse Managers in Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia

Background and Aims: In healthcare, effective patient management relies on leadership skills of nurse managers, which is accomplished by the use of transformational, transactional or laissez-faire leadership styles. The aim of the present study was to explore the perception of the nurses’ about the leadership style of their nurse managers, in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized a study instrument comprising questions for demographic factors and 21-item-questionnaire to evaluate nurses’ perception of leadership styles of nurse managers. Study participants were recruited based on a convenience random sampling methodology, from a total population of 1500 nurses, until the estimated sample size (300-315 participants) was achieved. Descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA to evaluate association between different demographic factors and nurses’ perception about leadership styles were evaluated. Results: A total of 312 participants responded, out of which 12 responses were eliminated due to incompleteness of data. Out of the final study sample (N = 300), 79.3% were women, majority were between 31-40 years (48.7%). Most nurses had a bachelor’s degree (76.3%), were married (60.7%) and received salary between 5000-10000 Saudi Riyals. The predominantly perceived leadership style utilization among nurse managers was found to be transformational (64.04%) followed by transactional (63.83%) and laissez-faire (62.08%). Within transformational leadership, nurses’ perceived “idealized influence” as the most commonly used style by nurse managers. One-way ANOVA for statistical association between demographic variables and nurses’ perception about leadership styles, revealed significant differences (p<0.05) only for age and marital status when comparing transformational and transactional leadership styles. Conclusions: Based on the present study, nurses perceived that their nurse leaders predominantly exhibited transformational leadership, followed by transactional leadership, and only minimally a laissez-faire leadership attribute. The current findings enable healthcare leaders, to learn how their staff nurses perceive their leadership styles and apply them for professional policymaking.

A Study on Learning Strategies and Styles Segmentation of Learner Groups in Online Education Platforms

Abstract Online education is becoming a popular form of education day by day. In order to provide corresponding learning programs according to the types of learning styles and learning strategies of different learners, this paper proposes a learning style recognition algorithm based on the Felder-Silverman model. The Bayesian discriminant analysis algorithm is used to calculate the probability estimation of samples belonging to one category, and then the clustering center is calculated by k-means clustering analysis so as to complete the classification of learning styles. According to the results of learning style identification, the perceptual learning group has the highest level of cooperative communication strategies in the information perception style dimension, with a mean score of 3.575, the linguistic group is the least adept at all strategies in the information input dimension, with a mean score of only 3.55, the sequential group excels in a variety of strategies for information comprehension, and the active group is the most adept at performing information processing. The personalized learning experiment was conducted according to the characteristics of different style groups. It was found that students who received personalized teaching based on their learning styles improved their performance more significantly, with their average scores in each subject increasing from 73.174 to 82.247 in the pre-test. Their scores in the post-test were 5.729 points ahead of those of the control class. The application effects are significant when learning strategies and styles are classified, and teaching programs are improved accordingly.

Students Perception on Teacher's Teaching Styles Affect Their Interest in Reading English Text

This study aims to investigate English teachers' teaching styles and their impact on students' interest in English texts. This study was conducted in one of the universities in Jakarta to find out whether students' perceptions of teachers' teaching styles affect their interest in reading English texts. This study is a qualitative research. The participants of this study were 10 students in the English Education Department who had completed the first to third semester reading course. The research data were collected through interviews. The qualitative data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman's theory. The results show that the teacher's teaching style has a clear impact on improving reading interest. In this case, as long as the teacher's reading style maintains active interaction, provides structure, feedback, and gives clear explanations, it can have an impact on students' interest in English texts.

Familiarity at Work: Awesome or Contempt? Assessing the Interplay among Familiarity, Leadership and Team Identification.

The purpose of this study was to examine competing hypotheses (positive vs. negative) on how organizational members' familiarity with multiple stakeholders differentially relates to members' social identity and perception of leadership styles grounded in relational and emotional factors. Specifically, we developed and tested a conceptual model wherein employees' familiarity with leaders, colleagues, and externals plays a differential role in predicting the extent to which they identify with their workgroup (i.e., group member prototypicality-GMP) and perceive transformational, authentic, leader-member exchange and servant leadership styles. Moreover, we examined the moderating effect of combat experience. We tested this nomological network using structural equation modeling and invariance analyses on a sample of 435 military personnel from the Italian Army (228 combat, 207 non-combat). Results indicated an invariant pattern of relationships among variables for combat and non-combat sub-samples. Specifically, familiarity with leaders positively predicted all leadership styles and GMP. Familiarity with colleagues positively predicted only GMP, whereas familiarity with externals did not predict GMP or leadership factors. Moreover, post hoc quadratic regressions showed a curvilinear inverted-U-shaped relationship between familiarity with colleagues and GMP. Militaries with low or high levels of familiarity with colleagues reported lower levels of GMP compared to militaries with moderate levels of familiarity with colleagues. Hence, at very high levels of familiarity with colleagues, GMP begins to decrease. Theoretical and practical implications of results are discussed in light of the increasing relevance of relational and emotional factors for military leadership, and the current pandemic and geopolitical turmoil.

Public Administration Leadership and Public Policies

This is a study of Portuguese central public administration addressing leadership typology, using the Full Range Leadership (FRL) model to better understand the leadership effectiveness process (Bass & Avolio, 1994). The study examines of the impact of training, professional experience, and organizational context on managers performance as well as predominant leadership styles. A total of 422 participants in the Portuguese state central public administration responded to this quantitate research.The results indicate that the perception of leadership style differs significantly between leaders and followers, as does the perception of evaluation. Regarding the organization where they work, significant differences were found in the perception of transformational leadership, contingent rewards, laissez-faire, recruitment, training, and evaluation. The association between leadership style and public policies is significant, and this relationship is moderated by whether the participant holds a managerial position. This study tells us what type of leadership is predominant in public administration and its association withpublic policies.

Effect of Leadership Styles on Employee Motivation and Job Satisfaction in Multinational Corporations in Vietnam

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of leadership styles on employee motivation and job satisfaction in multinational corporations in Vietnam
 Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library
 Findings: The results showed that transformational leadership was the most preferred and effective style for enhancing employee motivation and job satisfaction, followed by democratic leadership. Autocratic and laissez-faire leadership styles were found to have negative effects on employee outcomes. The study also revealed that cultural differences, organizational climate, and individual factors influenced the perception and preference of leadership styles among employees and managers. The study concluded that MNCs in Vietnam should adopt a flexible and adaptive leadership approach that matches the needs and expectations of their diverse workforce.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Transformational Leadership Theory, Expectancy Theory and Social Exchange Theory may be used to anchor future studies on the effect of leadership styles on employee motivation and job satisfaction in multinational corporations in Vietnam. Multinational corporations operating in Vietnam should benefit from the research findings to tailor their leadership training programs. Policymakers can make informed decisions about regulations that promote employee well-being, productivity, and retention in multinational corporations.

Peningkatkan Kinerja Guru Melalui Penerapan Gaya Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah yang Efektif di SMA Primaganda Jombang

This research aims to analyze the impact of implementing an effective principal's leadership style on improving teacher performance at Primaganda High School. School principals play an important role in establishing a positive work climate, providing clear direction, and providing motivation and support to teachers. This research involves case studies in several schools as a basis for analyzing the relationship between school principal leadership styles and teacher performance. The research method used is qualitative with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observation and documentation. These three techniques were used to collect data from teachers regarding their perceptions of the principal's leadership style and understand the deeper views of principals and teachers. This data is then analyzed to identify patterns and possible relationships between leadership styles and teacher performance. The results of this research indicate that school principals who implement effective leadership styles, such as providing ongoing support, providing clear direction, and encouraging teacher professional development, tend to have a positive influence on teacher performance. Teachers who feel strong support and direction from their principal tend to be more motivated, innovate, and produce better learning outcomes. To improve teacher performance, school principals always motivate teachers and employees. Obstacles faced by school principals in improving teacher performance through situational leadership include resistance to change, identification of teacher readiness levels and the need for appropriate time management.

Anterior Hippocampal Engagement during Memory Formation Predicts Subsequent False Recognition of Similar Experiences.

People better remember experiences when they orient to meaning over surface-level perceptual features. Such an orientation-related memory boost has been associated with engagement of both hippocampus (HPC) and neocortex during encoding. However, less is known about the neural mechanisms by which a cognitive orientation toward meaning might also promote memory errors, with one open question being whether the HPC-a region traditionally implicated in precise memory formation-also contributes to behavioral imprecision. We used fMRI to characterize encoding-phase signatures as people oriented toward the meaning (story) versus perceptual style (artist) of storybook-style illustrations and then linked them to subsequent true and false memories. We found that story and artist orientation tasks were each associated with both unique univariate profiles and consistent neural states defined using multivoxel patterns. Linking these neural signatures to behavior, we found that greater medial pFC activation and alignment of neural patterns to the story (but not artist) state was related to subsequent memory success on a trial-by-trial basis. Moreover, among successfully remembered experiences, greater anterior HPC engagement at encoding was associated with a higher likelihood of related false recognitions, consistent with the encoding of broad traces in this region. Interestingly, these effects did not reliably vary by cued orientation. These results suggest that, irrespective of the cued encoding orientation, neocortical and hippocampal mechanisms associated with orienting to meaning (story) over perceptual (artist) features may support memory, with the formation of generalizable memories being a specialty of anterior HPC.

The Influence of Job Satisfaction and Employee Retention on Employee Performance Mediated by Perceptions of Leadership Style

The discussion concerning the role of human resources in company management is closely linked to the effective management of the existing human resources, enabling them to play a significant role in achieving the company's goals. To ensure the company's stability, it is essential for human resource management to make efforts in maintaining employee performance. Furthermore, companies must work diligently to develop strategies for retaining employees with high potential and the ability to positively contribute to the overall performance of the company. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of job satisfaction and employee retention on employee performance, with the mediation of leadership style perception among employees at PT XYZ. The sample for this research comprises the entire population of employees at PT XYZ who have been with the company for a minimum of six months, totaling 150 individuals. This study employs a quantitative correlational method using Structural Equation Models (SEM). Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire distributed via Google Forms among PT XYZ employees. Data analysis for this study was performed using the SmartPLS version 4.0 software. The findings of this study reveal that, at PT XYZ, job satisfaction and employee retention do not directly impact employee performance. However, they do significantly influence employees' perceptions of leadership style, with leadership style perception being identified as the key factor influencing employee performance.

Studying the perception of leadership styles and food handlers’ hygienic practices in food businesses: The role of commitment and job satisfaction as mediators

The softer dimensions of risk management, like the organization's culture and other factors that can influence hygienic practices, have been investigated and reported in the recent food safety literature. This study analyzed the perception of transactional and transformational leadership styles in association with job satisfaction, commitment, and hygienic practices of food handlers working in food businesses in Dubai - United Arab Emirates, UAE. The data were collected in 54 food businesses, and 819 food handlers were involved. The questionnaire encompassed constructs including transactional and transformational leadership, commitment, job satisfaction, and hygienic practices. The questions were assessed by a 5-point Likert Scale, and the answers were converted to mean scores and score percentages. In addition, the statistical analysis included factors analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM). The score percentages of food handlers' perception of transactional leadership, transformational leadership, commitment, job satisfaction, and hygiene practices were 80.67%, 80.12%, 72.79%, 70.00%, and 67.40%, respectively. Transactional and transformational leadership were positively associated with food handlers' job satisfaction (p < 0.05), commitment (p < 0.001), and hygienic practices (p < 0.05). Both food handlers' job satisfaction (p < 0.001) and commitment (p < 0.01) have a significant relationship with hygienic practices and act as partial mediators in both relationships between transactional leadership and hygienic practices and transformational leadership and hygienic practices. Therefore, food businesses should invest in transactional and transformational leadership to improve food handlers' job satisfaction and commitment as a strategy for improving food handlers' hygienic practices and evolving food safety culture. A leader may demonstrate varying degrees of both transformational and transactional leadership. The styles are not reciprocally exclusive, and some combination of both is likely to have a positive impact on improving employee compliance with required hygienic practices.

Animated Documentaries in Modern Cinematic Art: Specifics of Production

The purpose of the article is to analyze the peculiarities of animated documentary films’ production in the modern film process. It also aims to investigate the specifics of the combination of real facts and events with the animation of the storyline sequence in films, reveal modern animation techniques and the specifics of their combination with footage, determine their impact on the viewer, and identify the peculiarities of using storyboards for organizational and filming processes. Research methodology. It consists in applying of the following methods: theoretical-comparative – comparison of foreign animation-documentary films of the last century with modern ones; practical – disclosure of the peculiarities of work on “animadocs” and plagiarism in author’s and studio projects; analysis – the influence of audiovisual means of expression on the audience’s perception of animation style, sound accompaniment, and counterpoint in animated documentary cinema. Scientific novelty. For the first time the influence of stylistic features of animated documentaries on the viewers’ perception of the depicted events has been analyzed, the importance of using storyboards during the organizational and shooting process in Ukraine has been systematized, the main aspects of working with film dramaturgy have been revealed and the problems of using non-linear dramaturgy in animated films have been considered, the differences in story presentation between feature films and animated documentaries have been revealed. Conclusions. The peculiarities of animated documentary film production in the modern film process have been analyzed, the peculiarities of combining real facts and events with animation of the sequence of storylines in films have been investigated, and modern animation techniques and the peculiarities of their combination with film frames have been revealed, the specifics of film production and their impact on the viewer through audiovisual means of expression have been determined.

Camouflage Detection and Its Association with Cognitive Style: A Functional Connectivity Study.

Background: Individual differences exist in performance in tasks that require visual search, such as camouflage detection (CD). Field dependence/independence (FD/I), as assessed using the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT), is an extensively studied dimension of cognitive style that classifies participants based on their visual perceptual styles. Materials and Methods: In the present study, we utilized fMRI on 46 healthy participants to investigate the underlying neural mechanisms specific to the cognitive styles of FD/FI while performing a CD task using both activation magnitude and an exploratory functional connectivity (FC) analysis. Group differences between high and low performers on the two extremes of the accuracy continuum of GEFT were studied. Results: No statistically significant group differences were observed using whole-brain voxel-wise comparison. However, the exploratory FC analysis revealed an enhanced communication between various regions subserving the cognitive traits required for visual search by FI participants over and above their FD counterparts. Conclusion: These enhanced connectivities suggest additional recruitment of cognitive functions to provide computational support that might facilitate superior performance in CD task by the participants who display a field-independent cognitive style.

Beyond Fear: Unveiling the Relationship Between Fear of Childbirth and Pharmacological Pain Relief

BackgroundPharmacological analgesia is the dominant method for pain relief in labor. Fear of childbirth (FOC) may significantly affect women's preferences for and usage of pharmacological analgesia. AimThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between FOC in late pregnancy and preferences for, as well as actual use of, pharmacological analgesia among nulliparous and multiparous women, accounting for confounding factors. MethodsA total of 1,300 women participated in the study, completing questionnaires assessing preferences for pharmacological analgesia, FOC, perception of labor pain, social support, coping styles, and demographic variables. The actual use of pharmacological analgesia was followed up. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate regression analyses. ResultsUnivariate analysis revealed that women with moderate to severe FOC had a stronger preference for pharmacological analgesia compared to those with none to mild FOC. However, multivariate analysis showed no direct association between FOC and actual usage of pharmacological analgesia. Instead, a stronger preference for pharmacological analgesia increased the likelihood of its actual usage during labor. ConclusionsOur study underscores the effect of FOC on preferences for pharmacological analgesia and its potential influence on actual usage during labor. Healthcare providers should consider women's FOC and preferences when evaluating pain management options. Targeted interventions focusing on promoting non-pharmacological techniques should be implemented to optimize labor pain management for women, particularly nulliparous women.

Exploring Teachers’ Perceptions of English Teaching Method Preferences and Learning Styles in Selected Secondary Schools of Morogoro Municipality

This study explored teachers’ perceptions of English teaching method preferences and learning styles in selected secondary schools of Morogoro Municipality by finding their impacts on teaching and learning styles and the challenges of matching English teaching method preferences and learning styles in secondary schools. The study used an exploratory case study design under a qualitative approach where five teachers from five selected schools consisting of four males and one female were selected purposely and voluntarily to be interviewed using semi-structured questions. The results indicate that three teaching methods are mostly preferred by teachers: learner-centred, engagement style, and multiple styles methods. These methods assist learners to achieve good performance in their studies. Moreover, the aforementioned approaches affect the teaching process as they are more effective in facilitating teachers’ tasks. However, shortage of teaching materials, English language communication barriers, shortage of classroom facilities, and students’ readiness are the challenges in implementing teaching preferences and learning styles in English classes. It is therefore recommended that English teachers should work out to improve their utilization of teaching methods and learning styles to reduce the setbacks found in this study. Additionally, curriculum developers, the Ministry of Education, and other education stakeholders may consider the findings of this study for tackling the challenges faced by English teachers in secondary schools

SiamIST: Infrared small target tracking based on an improved SiamRPN

The continuous tracking of infrared dim-small targets is significant, due to limited spatial resolution and low thermal features. Tracking algorithms based correlation filter may perform not well referring to infrared information. Therefore, a Deep Learning (DL) model is proposed for the tracking task with public data sets of small targets. To be specific, the Siamese Region Proposal Network (SiamRPN) is improved by the style recalibration module, which can obtain the perception of image styles. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm takes advantage of transfer learning technology referring to labeled target images, obtaining good features. To distinguish the small target from the background edges, the side window filtering is combined with the improved SiamRPN model. The experimental results show the good performance of the proposed small target tracking, namely SiamIST, in public near-infrared videos, compared to several related algorithms. Importantly, the designed algorithm uses the DL model to track small infrared targets for the first time, achieving an overall precision of 78.8%.

Regulation of long-term care for older persons: a scoping review of empirical research.

Not only care professionals are responsible for the quality of care but other stakeholders including regulators also play a role. Over the last decades, countries have increasingly invested in regulation of Long-Term Care (LTC) for older persons, raising the question of how regulation should be put into practice to guarantee or improve the quality of care. This scoping review aims to summarize the evidence on regulatory practices in LTC for older persons. It identifies empirical studies, documents the aims and findings, and describes research gaps to foster this field. A literature search (in PubMed, Embase, Cinahl, APA PsycInfo and Scopus) was performed from inception up to December 12th, 2022. Thirty-one studies were included. All included studies were from high-income countries, in particular Australia, the US and Northwestern Europe, and almost all focused on care provided in LTC facilities. The studies focused on different aspects of regulatory practice, including care users' experiences in collecting intelligence, impact of standards, regulatory systems and strategies, inspection activities and policies, perception and style of inspectors, perception and attitudes of inspectees and validity and reliability of inspection outcomes. With increasingly fragmented and networked care providers, and an increasing call for person-centred care, more flexible forms of regulatory practice in LTC are needed, organized closer to daily practice, bottom-up. We hope that this scoping review will raise awareness of the importance of regulatory practice and foster research in this field, to improve the quality of LTC for older persons, and optimize their functional ability and well-being.